Seasonal Variation in Occurrence of Pulmonary Embolism: Analysis of the Database of the Emilia‐Romagna Region, Italy

References

• Anderson F A, Jr, Spencer F A. Risk factors for venous thromboembolism. Circulation 2003; 107: I‐9–I‐16
   Google Scholar
• Arntz H R, Willich S N, Schreiber C, Brüggemann T, Stern R, Schultheiss H P. Diurnal, weekly and seasonal variation of sudden death. Population‐based analysis of 24061 consecutive cases. Eur. Heart J. 2000; 21: 315–320
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bilora F, Boccioletti V, Manfredini R, Petrobelli F, Tormene D, Simioni P, Girolami A. Seasonal variation in the incidence of deep vein thrombosis in patients with deficiency of protein C or protein S. Clin. Appl. Thromb. Hemost. 2002; 8: 231–237
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Boulay F, Berthier F, Sisteron O, Gendreike Y, Gibelin P. Seasonal variation in chronic heart failure hospitalizations and mortality in France. Circulation 1999; 100: 280–286
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boulay F, Berthier F, Schoukroun G, Raybaut C, Gendreiche Y, Blaive B. Seasonal variations in hospital admissions for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: analysis of discharge data. Br. Med. J. 2001; 323: 601–602
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bounameaux H, Hicklin L, Desmarais S. Seasonal variation in deep vein thrombosis. Br. Med. J. 1996; 312: 284–285
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bull G M, Brozovic M, Chakrabarti R, Meade T W, Morton J, North W R, Stirling R. Relationship of air temperature to various chemical, haematological, and haemostatic variables. J. Clin. Pathol. 1979; 32: 16–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casetta I, Granieri E, Fallica E, la Cecilia O, Paolino E, Manfredini R. Circadian variation in onset of ischemic stroke is independent of patients' demographic and clinical features. Arch. Neurol. 2002a; 59: 48–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casetta I, Granieri E, Portaluppi F, Manfredini R. Circadian variability in hemorrhagic stroke. JAMA 2002b; 287: 1266–1267
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chau K Y, Yuen S T, Wong M P. Seasonal variation in the necropsy incidence of pulmonary thromboembolism in Hong Kong. J. Clin. Pathol. 1995; 48: 578–579
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cohen M C, Rohtla K M, Lavery C E, Muller J E, Mittleman M A. Meta‐analysis of the morning excess of acute myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death. Am. J. Cardiol. 1997; 79: 1512–1516
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colantonio D, Casale R, Natali G, Pasqualetti P. Seasonal periodicity in fatal pulmonary thromboembolism. Lancet 1990; 335: 56–57
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Collins R, Scrimgeour A, Yusuf S, Peto R. Reduction in fatal pulmonary embolism and venous thrombosis by perioperative administration of subcutaneous heparin: overview of results of randomized trials in general, orthopedic, and urologic surgery. N. Engl. J. Med. 1998; 318: 1162–1173
   Google Scholar
• Curriero F C, Heiner K S, Samet J M, Zeger S L, Strug L, Patz J A. Temperature and mortality in 11 cities of the Eastern United States. Am. J. Epidemiol. 2002; 155: 80–87
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elwood P C, Beswick A, O'Brien J R, Renaud S, Fifield R, Limb E S, Bainton D. Temperature and risk factors for ischaemic heart disease in the Caerphilly prospective study. Br. Heart J. 1993; 70: 520–523
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Eurowinter Group. Cold exposure and winter mortality from ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, respiratory disease, and all causes in warm and cold regions of Europe. Lancet 1997; 349: 1341–1346
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feldman D E, Platt R, Déry V, Kapetanakis C, Lamontagne D, Ducharme A, Giannetti N, Frenette M, Beck E J. Seasonal congestive heart failure mortality and hospitalisation trends, Quebec 1990–1998. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 2004; 58: 129–130
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fink A M, Mayer W, Steiner A. Seasonal variations of deep vein thrombosis and its influence on the location of the thrombus. Thromb. Res. 2002; 106: 97–100
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Galle C, Wautrecht J C, Motte S, Le Minh T, Dehon P, Ferreira J, Dramaix M, Dereume J P. The role of season in the incidence of deep venous thrombosis. J. Mal. Vasc. 1998; 23: 99–101
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gallerani M, Manfredini R, Ricci L, Grandi E, Cappato R, Calò G, Pareschi P L, Fersini C. Sudden death from pulmonary thromboembolism: chronobiological aspects. Eur. Heart. J. 1992; 13: 661–665
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallerani M, Portaluppi F, Maida G, Chieregato A, Calzolari F, Trapella G, Manfredini R. Circadian and circannual rhythmicity in the occurrence of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke 1996; 27: 1793–1797
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallerani M, Boari B, de Toma D, Salmi R, Manfredini R. Seasonal variation in the occurrence of deep vein thrombosis. Med. Sci. Monit. 2004; 10: 191–196
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gemmell I, McLoone P, Boddy F A, Dickinson G J, Watt G CM. Seasonal variation in mortality in Scotland. Intern. J. Epidemiol. 2000; 29: 274–279
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green J, Edwards C. Seasonal variation in the necropsy incidence of massive pulmonary embolism. J. Clin. Pathol. 1994; 47: 58–60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermida R C, Calvo C, Ayala D E, Lòpez J E, Fernàndez J R, Mojòn A, Domìnguez M J, Covelo M. Seasonal variation of fibrinogen in dipper and nondipper hypertensive patients. Hypertension 2003; 108: 1101–1106
   Google Scholar
• Keatinge W R, Donaldson G C. Mortality related to cold and air pollution in London after allowance for effects of associated weather patterns. Environ. Res. 2001; 86: 209–216
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keatinge W R, Coleshaw S R, Cotter F, Mattock M, Murphy M, Chelliah R. Increases in platelet and red cell counts, blood viscosity, and arterial pressure during mild surface cooling: factors in mortality from coronary and cerebral thrombosis in winter. Br. Med. J. 1984; 289: 1405–1408
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kunes J, Tremblay J, Bellavance F, Hamet P. Influence of environmental temperature on the blood pressure of hypertensive patients in Montreal. Am. J. Hypertens. 1991; 4: 422–426
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kunst A E, Groenhof F, Mackenbach J P. The association between two windchill indices and daily mortality variation in the Netherlands. Am. J. Pub. Health 1994; 84: 1738–1742
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MacMahon S, Peto R, Cutler J, Collins R, Sorlie P, Neaton J, Abbott R, Godwin J, Dyer A, Stamler J. Blood pressure, stroke and coronary heart disease. Part I. Prolonged differences in blood pressure: prospective observational studies corrected for the regression dilution bias. Lancet 1990; 335: 765–774
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manfredini R, Gallerani M, Salmi R, Zamboni P, Fersini C. Fatal pulmonary embolism in hospitalized patients: evidence for a winter peak. J. Int. Med. Res. 1994; 22: 85–89
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manfredini R, Gallerani M, Portaluppi F, Salmi R, Chierici F, Ferini C. Chronobiological aspects of pulmonary thromboembolism. Int. J. Cardiol. 1995; 52: 31–37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manfredini R, Gallerani M, Portaluppi F, Salmi R, Fersini C. Chronobiological patterns of onset of acute cerebrovascular diseases. Thromb. Res. 1997; 88: 451–463
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manfredini R, Portaluppi F, Zamboni P, Salmi R, Gallerani M. Circadian variation in spontaneous rupture of abdominal aorta. Lancet 1999a; 353: 643–644
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manfredini R, Portaluppi F, Salmi R, Zamboni P, la Cecilia O, Kuwornu Afi H, Regoli F, Bigoni M, Gallerani M. Seasonal variation in the occurrence of non traumatic rupture of thoracic aorta. Am. J. Emerg. Med. 1999b; 17: 672–674
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manfredini R, Boari B, Gallerani M, Salmi R, Bossone E, Distante A, Eagle K A, Mehta R H. Chronobiology of rupture and dissection of aortic aneurysms. J. Vasc. Surg. 2004a; 40: 382–388
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manfredini R, Gallerani M, Boari B, Salmi R, Mehta R H. The seasonal variation in the onset of pulmonary embolism is independent of patients' underlying risk comorbid conditions. Clin. Appl. Thromb. Hemost. 2004b; 10: 39–43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manfredini R, Boari B, Bressan S, Gallerani M, Salmi R, Portaluppi F, Mehta R H. Influence of circadian rhythms on mortality after myocardial infarction: data from a prospective cohort of emergency calls. Am. J. Emerg. Med. 2004c; 22: 555–559
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manfredini R, Boari B, Smolensky M H, Salmi R, Gallerani M, Guerzoni F, Guerra V, Malagoni A M, Manfredini F. Seasonal variation in onset of myocardial infarction—a seven‐year single‐center study in Italy. Chronobiol. Int. 2005a; 22: 1121–1135
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manfredini R, Boari B, Smolensky M H, Salmi R, la Cecilia O, Malagoni A M, Haus E, Manfredini F. Circadian variation in stroke onset: identical temporal pattern in ischemic and hemorrhagic events. Chronobiol. Int. 2005b; 22: 417–453
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manfredini R, Boari B, Salmi R, Gallerani M. Seasonal variation of venous thromboembolic disease. Am. J. Cardiol. 2005c; 94: 276
   Google Scholar
• Meade T W, Mellows S, Brozovic M, Miller G J, Chakrabarti R R, North W R, Haines A P, Stirling Y, Imeson J D, Thompson S G. Haemostatic function and ischaemic heart disease: principal results of the Northwick Park Heart Study. Lancet 1986; 2: 533–537
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehta R H, Manfredini R, Hassan F, Sechtem U, Bossone E, Oh J, Cooper J V, Smith D E, Portaluppi F, Penn M, Hutchinson S, Nienaber C A, Isselbacher E M, Eagle K A. Chronobiological patterns of acute aortic dissection. Circulation 2002; 106: 1110–1115
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehta R H, Manfredini R, Bossone E, Fattori R, Evangelista A, Boari B, Cooper J V, Sechtem U, Isselbacher E M, Nienaber C A, Eagle K A. The winter peak in the occurrence of acute aortic dissection is independent by climate. Chronobiol. Int. 2005a; 22: 723–729
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehta R H, Manfredini R, Bossone E, Hutchinson S, Evangelista A, Boari B, Cooper J V, Smith D E, O'Gara P T, Gilon D, Pape L A, Nienaber C A, Isselbacher E M, Eagle K A. Does circadian and seasonal variation in occurrence of acute aortic dissection influence in‐hospital outcomes?. Chronobiol. Int. 2005b; 22: 343–352
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mojòn A, Fernandez J R, Hermida R C. Chronolab: an interactive software package for chronobiologic time series analysis written for the Macintosh computer. Chronobiol. Int. 1992; 9: 403–412
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montes Santiago J, Rey Garcia G, Mediero Dominguez A. Seasonal variations in morbidity and mortality for pulmonary embolism. An. Med. Interna. 2003; 20: 457–460
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Muller J E, Stone P H, Turi Z G, Rutherford J D, Czeisler C A, Parker C, Poole W K, Passamani E, Roberts R, Robertson T. Circadian variation in the frequency of onset of acute myocardial infarction. N. Engl. J. Med. 1985; 313: 1315–1322
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muller J E, Ludmer P L, Willich S N, Tofler G H, Aylmer G, Klangos I, Stone P H. Circadian variation in the incidence of sudden cardiac death. Circulation 1987; 75: 131–138
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ornato J P, Peberdy M A, Chandra N C, Bush D E. Seasonal pattern of acute myocardial infarction in the National Registry of Myocardial Infarctions. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1996; 28: 1684–1688
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pattenden S, Nikiforov B, Armstrong B G. Mortality and temperature in Sofia and London. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 2003; 57: 628–633
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qizilbash N, Jones L, Warlow C, Mann J. Fibringen and lipid concentrations as risk factors for transient ischaemic attacks and minor ischaemic strokes. Br. Med. J. 1991; 303: 605–609
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sayer J W, Wilkinson P, Ranjadayalan K, Saumitra R, Marchant B, Timmis A D. Attenuation or absence of circadian and seasonal rhythms of acute myocardial infarction. Heart 1997; 77: 325–329
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma B K, Sagar V, Sood G K, Varma S, Karla O P. Seasonal variation of arterial blood pressure in normotensive and essential hypertensives. Indian Heart J. 1990; 42: 66–72
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sharma G V, Frisbie J H, Tow D E, Yalla S V, Khuri S F. Circadian and circannual rhythm of nonfatal pulmonary embolism. Am. J. Cardiol. 2001; 87: 922–924
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smolensky M H, Halberg F, Sargent F, II. Chronobiology of the life sequence. Advances in Climatic Physiology, S IK Ogata, H Yoshimura. Igaku Shoin, Tokyo 1974; 281–319
   Google Scholar
• Snedecor G W, Cochran W G. Statistical Methods. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa 1978; 236–268
   Google Scholar
• Spencer F A, Goldberg R J, Becker R C, Gore J M. Seasonal distribution of acute myocardial infarction in the Second National Registry of Myocardial Infarction. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1998; 31: 1226–1233, for the Participants in the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein P D, Kayali F, Olson R E. Analysis of occurrence of venous thromboembolic disease in the four seasons. Am. J. Cardiol. 2004a; 93: 511–513
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stein P D, Kayali F, Olson R E. Regional differences in rates of diagnosis and mortality of pulmonary thromboembolism. Am. J. Cardiol. 2004b; 93: 1194–1197
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stein P D, Kayali F, Olson R E, Milford C E. Pulmonary thromboembolism in Asian‐Pacific Islanders in the United States: analysis of data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey and the United States Bureau of the Census. Am. J. Med. 2004c; 116: 435–442
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein P D, Kayali F, Beemath A, Skaf E, Alnas M, Alesh I, Olson R E. Mortality from acute pulmonary embolism according to season. Chest 2005; 128: 3156–3158
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stout R, Crawford V. Seasonal variations in fibrinogen concentrations among elderly people. Lancet 1991; 338: 9–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Touitou Y, Smolensky M H, Portaluppi F. Ethics, standards, and procedures of animal and human chronobiology research. Chronobiol. Int. 2006; 23: 1083–1096
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Bom J G, de Maat M P.M, Bots M L, Hofman A, Kluff C, Grobbee D E. Seasonal variation in fibrinogen in the Rotterdam study. Thromb. Haemost. 1997; 78: 1059–1062
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White R H. The epidemiology of venous thromboembolism. Circulation 2003; 107: I‐4–I‐8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilmhurst P. Temperature and cardiovascular mortality. Br. Med. J. 1994; 309: 1029–1030
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Woodhouse P R, Khaw K T, Plummer M, Foley A, Meade T W. Seasonal variations of plasma fibrinogen and factor VII activity in the elderly: Winter infections and death from cardiovascular disease. Lancet 1994; 343: 435–439
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wroblewski B M, Siney P D, White R. Fatal pulmonary embolism after total hip arthroplasty: seasonal variation. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 1992; 276: 222–224
   Google Scholar