Do Permanent Night Workers Show Circadian Adjustment? A Review Based on the Endogenous Melatonin Rhythm

References

• Arendt J. Melatonin and human rhythms. Chronobiol. Int. 2006; 23: 21–37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benloucif S, Guico M J, Reid K J, Wolfe L F, L'Hermite‐Balériaux M, Zee P C. Stability of melatonin and temperature as circadian phase markers and their relation to sleep times in humans. J. Biol. Rhythms 2005; 20: 178–188
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colquhoun W P, Blake M JF, Edwards R S. Experimental studies of shiftwork I. A comparison of rotating and stabilized four‐hour systems. Ergonomics 1968a; 11: 437–453
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colquhoun W P, Blake M JF, Edwards R S. Experimental studies of shiftwork II. Stabilized eight‐hour shift system. Ergonomics 1968b; 11: 527–546
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colquhoun W P, Blake M JF, Edwards R S. Experimental studies of shiftwork III. Stabilized 12‐hour shift system. Ergonomics 1969; 12: 865–882
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dumont M, Benhaberou‐Brun D, Paquet J. Profile of the 24‐h light exposure and circadian phase of melatonin secretion in night workers. J. Biol. Rhythms 2001; 16: 502–511
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eastman C I, Martin S K. How to use light and dark to produce circadian adaptation to night shift work. Ann. Med. 1999; 31: 87–98
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folkard S. Circadian rhythms and shiftwork: Adjustment or masking?. Trends in Chronobiology, WThJM Hekkens, G A Kierkhof, W J Rietveld. Pergamon Press, Oxford 1988; 173–182
   Google Scholar
• Folkard S. The pragmatic approach to masking. Chronobiol. Int. 1989; 6: 55–64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folkard S. Is there a ‘best compromise’ shift system?. Ergonomics 1992; 35: 1453–1463
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folkard S, Lombardi D A. Towards a “Risk Index” to assess work schedules. Chronobiol. Int. 2004; 21: 1063–1072
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folkard S, Minors D S, Waterhouse J. De‐masking the temperature rhythm after simulated time‐zone transitions. J. Biol. Rhythms 1991; 6: 81–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folkard S, Arendt J, Clark M. Can melatonin improve shift workers' tolerance of the night shift? Some preliminary findings. Chronobiol. Int. 1993; 10: 315–320
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folkard S, Åkerstedt T, Macdonald I, Tucker P, Spencer M. Beyond the three‐process model of alertness: Estimating phase, time on shift and successive night effects. J. Biol. Rhythms 1999; 14: 577–587
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folkard S, Lombardi D A, Spencer M B. Estimating the circadian rhythm in the risk of occupational injuries and “accidents”. Chronobiol. Int. 2006; 23: 1181–1192
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folkard S, Robertson K A, Spencer M B. A Fatigue/Risk index to assess work schedules. Somnology 2007; 11: 177–185
   Google Scholar
• Hakola T, Härmä M I, Laitinen J T. Circadian adjustment of men and women to night work. Scand. J. Work Environ. Health 1996; 22: 133–138
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Härmä M. Circadian adaptation to shift work. A review. Shiftwork in the 21st Century, S Hornberger, P Knauth, G Costa, S Folkard. Peter Lang, Frankfurt, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Wien 2000; 125–130
   Google Scholar
• Härmä M, Waterhouse J, Minors D, et al. Effect of masking on circadian adjustment and interindividual differences on a rapidly rotating shift schedule. Scand. J. Work Environ. Health 1994; 20: 55–61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knauth P, Rutenfranz J, Herrmann G, Poppel S J. Re‐entrainment of body temperature in experimental shift work studies. Ergonomics 1978; 21: 775–783
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koller M, Härmä M, Laitinen J T, Pielger B, Haider M. Different patterns of light exposure in relation to melatonin and cortisol rhythms and sleep of night workers. J. Pineal Res. 1994; 16: 127–135
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee C, Smith M R, Eastman C I. A compromise phase position for permanent night shift workers: Circadian phase after two nights shifts with scheduled sleep and light:dark exposure. Chronobiol. Int. 2006; 23: 859–875
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewy A J, Sack R L. The dim light melatonin onset as a marker for circadian phase position. Chronobiol. Int. 1989; 6: 93–102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lockley S W, Skene D J, Arendt J, Tabandeh H, Bird A C, Defrance R. Relationship between melatonin rhythms and visual loss in the blind. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1997; 82: 3763–3770
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minors D S, Waterhouse J M. Separating the endogenous and exogenous components of the circadian rhythm of body temperature during night work using some “purification” models. Ergonomics 1993; 36: 497–507
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pilcher J J, Lambert B J, Huffcutt A I. Differential effects of permanent and rotating shifts on self‐report sleep length: A meta‐analytic review. Sleep 2000; 23: 155–163
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pisarski A, Brook C, Bohle P, Gallois C, Watson B, Vinch S. Extending a model of shift‐work tolerance. Chronobiol. Int. 2006; 23: 1363–1377
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quera‐Salva M A, Defrance R, Claustrat B, De Lattre J, Guilleminault C. Rapid shift in time and acrophase of melatonin in short shift work schedule. Sleep 1996; 19: 539–543
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quera‐Salva M A, Guilleminault C, Claustrat B, Defrance R, Gajdos P, McCann C C, De Lattre J. Rapid shift in peak melatonin secretion associated with improved performance in short shift work schedule. Sleep 1997; 20: 1145–1150
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roden M, Koller M, Pirich K, Vierhapper H, Waldhauser F. The circadian melatonin and cortisol secretion pattern in permanent night shift workers. Am. J. Physiol. 1993; 34: R261–R267
   Google Scholar
• Sack R L, Blood M L, Lewy A L. Melatonin rhythms in night shift workers. Sleep 1992; 15: 434–441
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schomann C, Giebel O, Nachreiner F. Development and preliminary validation of an index for indicating the risks of the design of working hours to health and wellbeing. Chronobiol. Int. 2006; 23: 1401–1408
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waldhauser F, Vierhapper H, Pirich K. Abnormal circadian melatonin secretion in night‐shift workers. New Engl. J. Med. 1986; 315: 1614
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Weibel L, Spiegel K, Gronfier C, Follenius M, Brandenberger G. Twenty‐four‐hour melatonin and core body temperature rhythms: Their adaptation in night workers. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 1997; 272: 948–954
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkinson R T. How fast should the night shift rotate?. Ergonomics 1992; 35: 1425–1446
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar