References
- Adolphus K, Lawton CL, Dye L. 2013. The effects of breakfast on behavior and academic performance in children and adolescents. Front Hum Neurosci. 7:425. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00425
- Arrona-Paracios A, Díaz-Morales JF. 2018. Morningness–eveningness is not associated with academic performance in the afternoon school shift: preliminary findings. Br J Educ Psychol. 88(3):480–498. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12196
- Beauvalet JC, Quiles CL, Oliveira MAB, Ilgenfritz CAV, Hidalgo MPL, Tonon AC. 2017. Social jetlag in health and behavioral research: a systematic review. ChronoPhysiol Therapy. 7:19–31. doi:https://doi.org/10.2147/CPT.S108750
- Burgess HJ, Eastman CI. 2006. A late wake time phase delays the human dim light melatonin rhythm. Neurosc Lett. 395(3):191–195. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2005.10.082
- Burgess HJ, Legasto CS, Fogg LF, Smith MR. 2013. Can small shifts in circadian phase affect performance? Appl Ergon. 44(1):109–111. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2012.05.007
- Carskadon MA, Acebo C, Jenni OG. 2004. Regulation of adolescent sleep: implications for behavior. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1021(1):276–291. doi:https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1308.032
- Crowley SJ, Acebo C, Carskadon MA. 2007. Sleep, circadian rhythms, and delayed phase in adolescence. Sleep Med. 8(6):602–612. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2006.12.002
- de Souza CM, Hidalgo MPL. 2014. Midpoint of sleep on school days is associated with depression among adolescents. Chronobiol Int. 31(2):199–205. doi:https://doi.org/10.3109/07420528.2013.838575
- Dewald JF, Meijer AM, Oort FJ, Kerkhof GA, Bögels SM. 2010. The influence of sleep quality, sleep duration and sleepiness on school performance in children and adolescents: a meta-analytic review. Sleep Med Rev. 14(3):179–189. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2009.10.004
- Díaz-Morales JF, Escribano C. 2015. Social jetlag, academic achievement and cognitive performance: understanding gender/sex differences. Chronobiol Int. 32(6):822–831. doi:https://doi.org/10.3109/07420528.2015.1041599
- Frankel BL, Coursey RD, Buchbinder R, Snyder F. 1976. Recorded and reported sleep in chronic primary insomnia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 33(5):615–623. doi:https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1976.01770050067011
- Furihata R, Uchiyama M, Takahashi S, Suzuki M, Konnno C, Osaki K, Konno M, Kaneita Y, Ohida T, Akahoshi T, et al. 2012. The association between sleep problems and perceived health status: a Japanese nationwide general population survey. Sleep Med. 13(7):831–837. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2012.03.011
- Gradisar M, Gardner G, Dohnt H. 2011. Recent worldwide sleep patterns and problems during adolescence: a review and meta-analysis of age, region, and sleep. Sleep Med. 12(2):110–118. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2010.11.008
- Hale L, Guan S. 2015. Screen time and sleep among school-aged children and adolescents: a systematic literature review. Sleep Med Rev. 21:50–58. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2014.07.007
- Hasler BR, Buysse DJ, Kupfer DJ, Germain A. 2010. Phase relationships between core body temperature, melatonin, and sleep are associated with depression severity: future evidence for circadian misalignment in non-seasonal depression. Psychiatry Res. 178(1):205–207. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2010.04.027
- Hawthorne G, Elliott P. 2005. Imputing cross-sectional missing data: comparison of common techniques. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 39(7):583–593. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2005.01630.x
- Heissel JA, Norris S. 2018. Rise and shine: the effect of school start times on academic performance from childhood through puberty. J Hum Resour. 53(4):954–992. doi:https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.53.4.0815-7346R1
- Hoch CC, Reynolds CR, Kupfer DJ, Berman SR, Houch PR, Stack JA. 1987. Empirical note: self-report versus recorded sleep in healthy seniors. Psychophysiol. 24(3):239–299. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1987.tb00298.x
- Islam Z, Hu H, Akter S, Kuwahara K, Kochi T, Eguchi M, Kurotani K, Nanri A, Kabe I, Mizoue T. 2020. Social jetlag is associated with an increased likelihood of having depressive symptoms among the Japanese working population: the Furukawa Nutrition and Health Study. Sleep. 43(1):1–7. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsz204
- Jankowski K. 2017. Social jet lag: sleep-corrected formula. Chronobiol Int. 34(4):531–535. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2017.1299162
- Kaz MH. 2011. Multivariable analysis: a practical guide for clinicians and public health researchers. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
- Kohyama J. 2020. Pupils with negative social jetlag in Japan are hypothesized to constitute a discrete population. Med Hypotheses. 144:110249. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110249
- Komada Y, Breugelmans R, Drake CL, Nakajima S, Tamura N, Tanaka H, Inoue S, Inoue Y. 2016. Social jetlag affects subjective daytime sleepiness in school-aged children and adolescents: a study using the Japanese version of the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS-J). Chronobiol Int. 33(10):1311–1319. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2016.1213739
- Komada Y, Okajima I, Kitamura S, Inoue Y. 2019. A survey on social jetlag in Japan: a nationwide, cross-sectional internet survey. Sleep Biol Rhythms. 17(4):417–422. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s41105-019-00229-w
- Koopman ADM, Rauh SP, van ‘T Riet E, Groeneveld L, van der Heijden AA, Elders PJ, Dekker JM, Nijpels G, Beulens JW, Rutters F. 2017. The association between social jetlag, the metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the general population: The New Hoorn Study. J Biol Rhythms. 32(4):359–368. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0748730417713572
- Leenaars CL, Lucassen MFG, Borger N, Houben E, Kalsbeek A. 2019. Social jet-lag in tertiary students following a modern curriculum with few time-tabled contact hours: a pilot study. Clocks & Sleep. 1(3):306–318. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep1030026
- Lin W-H, Yi -C-C. 2015. Unhealthy sleep practices, conduct problems, and daytime functioning during adolescence. J Youth Adolesc. 44(2):431–446. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-014-0169-9
- Mathew GM, Li X, Hale L, Chang A-M. 2019. Sleep duration and social jetlag are independently associated with anxious symptoms in adolescents. Chronobiol Int. 36(4):461–469. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2018.1509079
- Minisry of Health, Labour and Welfare. 2019. The results of the 2019 comprehensive survey of living conditions [accessed 2021 May 7]. https://www.mhlw.go.jp/toukei/saikin/hw/k-tyosa/k-tyosa19/index.html
- Okawa M, Uchiyama M. 2007. Circadian rhythm sleep disorders: characteristics and entrainment pathology in delayed sleep phase and non-24 sleep-wake syndrome. Sleep Med Rev. 11(6):485–496. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2007.08.001
- Paruthi S, Brooks LJ, D’Ambosio C, Hall WA, Kotagal S, Lloyd RM, Malow BA, Maski K, Nichols C, Quan SF, et al. 2016. Recommended amount of sleep for pediatric populations: a consensus statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. J Clin Sleep Med. 12:785–786. doi:https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.5866
- Randler C, Vollmer C. 2013. Aggression in young adults — a matter of short sleep and social jetlag? Psychol Rep. 113(3):754–765. doi:https://doi.org/10.2466/16.02.PR0.113x31z7
- Roenneberg T, Pilz LK, Zerbini G, Winnebeck EC. 2019. Chronotype and social jetlag: a (self-) critical review. Biology. 8(3):54. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/biology8030054
- Roenneberg T, Wirz-Justice A, Merrow M. 2003. Life between clocks: daily temporal patterns of human chronotypes. J Biol Rhythms. 18(1):80–90. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0748730402239679
- Sasazawa Y 2015. Interventional sleep study for the improvement of school ability of elementary and junior high school students in Okinawa: using cohort study together with polysomnography [accessed 2020 Sep 29]. https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/file/KAKENHI-PROJECT-24500821/24500821seika.pdf
- Smarr B, Schirmer AE. 2018. 3.4 million real-world learning management system logins reveal the majority of students experience social jetlag correlated with decreased performance. Sci Rep. 8(1):4793. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-23044-8
- Statistics Bureau of Japan. 2016. The 2016 survey on time use and leisure activities. [accessed 2021 May 7]. https://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/shakai/2016/gaiyo.html
- Statistics Bureau of Japan. 2019. The results of the 2019 national survey of family income and expenditure. [accessed 2021 May 7] https://www.stat.go.jp/data/zenkokukakei/2019/kekka.html#riyou
- Tamura N, Tanaka H, Komada Y, Narisawa H, Inoue Y. 2019. Discrepancy in wake-up time on school days and free days is associated with daytime sleepiness, lowered mental/physical health and poor academic performance. Jpn J Psychol. 90:378–388. doi:https://doi.org/10.4992/jjpsy.90.18045. in Japanese with English abstract.
- Taylor A, Wright HR, Lack LC. 2008. Sleeping-in on the weekend delays circadian phase and increases sleepiness the following week. Sleep Biol Rhythms. 6(3):172–179. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-8425.2008.00356.x
- Wentworth DK, Middleton JH. 2014. Technology use and academic performance. Comput Educ. 78:306–311. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2014.06.012
- Wheaton AG, Ferro GA, Croft JB. 2015. School start times for middle school and high school students — United States, 2011–12 school year. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 64(30):809–813. doi:https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6430a1
- Wittmann M, Dinich J, Merrow M, Roenneberg T. 2006. Social jetlag: misalignment of biological and social time. Chronobiol Int. 23(1–2):497–509. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/07420520500545979
- Yang C-M, Spielman AJ. 2001. The effect of a delayed weekend sleep pattern on sleep and morning functioning. Psychol Health. 16(6):715–725. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/08870440108405869
- Zhang Z, Cajochen C, Khatami R. 2019. Social jetlag and chronotypes in the Chinese population: analysis of data recorded by wearable devices. J Medical Internet Res. 21(6):e13482. doi:https://doi.org/10.2196/13482