Sleep Quality and Body Mass Index in College Students: The Role of Sleep Disturbances

REFERENCES

• Ruthig J, Haynes T, Stupnisky R, Perry R. Perceived academic control: mediating the effects of optimism and social support on college students’ psychological health. Soc Psychol Educ. 2009;12:233–249.
   Google Scholar
• Nelson MC, Story M, Larson NI, Neumark-Sztainer D, Lytle LA. Emerging Adulthood and college-aged youth: an overlooked age for weight-related behavior change. Obesity Res. 2008;16:2205–2211.
   Google Scholar
• Arnett JJ. Emerging adulthood: understanding the new way of coming of age. In: Arnett JJ, Tanner JL, eds. Emerging Adults in America: Coming of Age in the 21st Century. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 2006:3–19.
   Google Scholar
• Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Kit BK, Flegal KM. Prevalence of obesity and trends in body mass index among U.S. children and adolescents, 1999–2010. JAMA. 2012;307:483–490.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Curtin LR, Lamb MM, Flegal KM. Prevalence of high body mass index in U.S. children and adolescents, 2007–2008. JAMA. 2010;303:242–249.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fryar CD, Carroll MD, Ogden CL. Prevalence of Overweight, Obesity, and Extreme Obesity Among Adults: United States, Trends 1960–1962 Through 2009–2010. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; June 9, 2012. Available at: http://198.246.124.29/nchs/data/hestat/obesity_adult_09_10/obesity_adult_09_10.pdf. Accessed June 4, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Ogden CL, Curtin LR. Prevalence and trends in obesity among us adults, 1999–2008. JAMA. 2010;303:235–241.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Kit BK, Flegal KM. Prevalence of obesity and trends in body mass index among us children and adolescents, 1999–2010. JAMA. 2012;307:483–490.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American College Health Association. American College Health Association–National College Health Assessment II: Reference Group Summary Report Spring 2012. Hanover, MD: American College Health Association; 2012. Available at: http://www.acha-ncha.org/docs/ACHA-NCHA-II_ReferenceGroup_DataReport_Spring2012.pdf. Accessed June 4, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Lowry R, Galuska DA, Fulton JE, Wechsler H, Kann L, Collins JL. Physical activity, food choice, and weight management goals and practices among U.S. college students. Am J Prev Med. 2000;18:18–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang TTK, Harris KJ, Lee RE, Nazir N, Born W, Kaur H. Assessing overweight, obesity, diet, and physical activity in college students. J Am Coll Health. 2003;52:83–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knutson KL, Van Cauter E, Rathouz PJ, DeLeire T, Lauderdale DS. Trends in the prevalence of short sleepers in the USA: 1975–2006. Sleep. 2010;33:37–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matricciani L, Olds T, Petkov J. In search of lost sleep: secular trends in the sleep time of school-aged children and adolescents. Sleep Med Rev. 2012;16:203–211.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohayon MM, Roth T. What are the contributing factors for insomnia in the general population? J Psychosom Res. 2001;51:745–755.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Sleep Foundation. Sleep in America polls: 2005 adult sleep habits and styles. Available at: http://www.sleepfoundation.org/sites/default/files/2005_summary_of_findings.pdf Published March 29, 2005. Accessed June 4, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Schoenborn CA, Adams PE. Health behaviors of adults: United States, 2005–2007. Vital Health Stat 10. 2010;(245):1–132.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lund HG, Reider BD, Whiting AB, Prichard JR. Sleep Patterns and predictors of disturbed sleep in a large population of college students. J Adolesc Health. 2010;46:124–132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trockel MT, Barnes MD, Egget DL. Health-related variables and academic performance among first-year college students: implications for sleep and other behaviors. J Am Coll Health. 2000;49:125–131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaultney JF. The prevalence of sleep disorders in college students: impact on academic performance. J Am Coll Health. 2010;59:91–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buboltz WC Jr, Brown F, Soper B. Sleep habits and patterns of college students: a preliminary study. J Am Coll Health. 2001;50:131–135.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sing CY, Wong WS. Prevalence of insomnia and its psychosocial correlates among college students in Hong Kong. J Am Coll Health. 2010;59:174–182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenney SR, LaBrie JW, Hummer JF, Pham AT. Global sleep quality as a moderator of alcohol consumption and consequences in college students. Addict Behav. 2012;37:507–512.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nyer M, Farabaugh A, Fehling K, et al. Relationship between sleep disturbance and depression, anxiety, and functioning in college students. Depress Anxiety. 2013;30:873–880.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nadorff MR, Nazem S, Fiske A. Insomnia symptoms, nightmares, and suicidal ideation in a college student sample. Sleep. 2011;34:93–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carskadon MA, Davis SS. Sleep-wake patterns in the high-school-to-college transition: preliminary data. Sleep Res. 1989;18:113.
   Google Scholar
• Pilcher JJ, Ginter DR, Sadowsky B. Sleep quality versus sleep quantity: relationships between sleep and measures of health, well-being and sleepiness in college students. J Psychosom Res. 1997;42:583–596.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hicks RA, Fernandez C, Pellegrini RJ. Striking changes in the sleep satisfaction of university students over the last two decades. Percept Motor Skills. 2001;93:660.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buboltz W, Jenkins SM, Soper B, Woller K, Johnson P, Faes T. Sleep habits and patterns of college students: an expanded study. J Coll Couns. 2009;12:113–124.
   Google Scholar
• Hill JO, Wyatt HR, Reed GW, Peters JC. Obesity and the environment: where do we go from here? Science. 2003;299:853–855.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veerman JL, Barendregt JJ, van Beeck EF, Seidell JC, Mackenbach JP. Stemming the obesity epidemic: a tantalizing prospect. Obesity Res. 2007;15:2365–2370.
   Google Scholar
• Chaput JP, Sjodin AM, Astrup A, Despres JP, Bouchard C, Tremblay A. Risk factors for adult overweight and obesity: the importance of looking beyond the ‘big two’. Obes Facts. 2010;3:320–327.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keith SW, Redden DT, Katzmarzyk PT, et al. Putative contributors to the secular increase in obesity: exploring the roads less traveled. Int J Obesity. 2006;30:1585–1594.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Disi D, Al-Daghri N, Khanam L, et al. Subjective sleep duration and quality influence diet composition and circulating adipocytokines and ghrelin levels in teen-age girls. Endoc J. 2010;57:915–923.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shankar A, Syamala S, Kalidindi S. Insufficient rest or sleep and its relation to cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesity in a national, multiethnic sample. PLoS ONE. 2010;5:e14189.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taheri S, Lin L, Austin D, Young T, Mignot E. Short sleep duration is associated with reduced leptin, elevated ghrelin, and increased body mass index. PLoS Med. 2004;1:e62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stamatakis KA, Punjabi NM. Effects of sleep fragmentation on glucose metabolism in normal subjects. Chest. 2010;137:95–101.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lesser DJ, Bhatia R, Tran WH, et al. Sleep fragmentation and intermittent hypoxemia are associated with decreased insulin sensitivity in obese adolescent Latino males. Pediatr Res. 2012;72:293–298.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucassen EA, Rother KI, Cizza G. Interacting epidemics? Sleep curtailment, insulin resistance, and obesity. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2012;1264:110–134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaput JP, Brunet M, Tremblay A. Relationship between short sleeping hours and childhood overweight/obesity: results from the Quebec en Forme Project. Int J Obes. 2006;30:1080–1085.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gangwisch JE, Malaspina D, Babiss LA, et al. Short sleep duration as a risk factor for hypercholesterolemia: analyses of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Sleep. 2010;33:956–961.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tasali E, Leproult R, Ehrmann DA, Van Cauter E. Slow-wave sleep and the risk of type 2 diabetes in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2008;105:1044–1049.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bawazeer NM, Al-Daghri NM, Valsamakis G, et al. Sleep duration and quality associated with obesity among Arab children. Obesity. 2000;17:2251–2253.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell JF, Zimmerman FJ. Shortened nighttime sleep duration in early life and subsequent childhood obesity Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2010;164:840–845.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biggs SN, Dollman J. Association between sleep, BMI and waist girth in children and adolescents: a retrospective analysis. Acta Paediatr. 2007;96:1839–1840.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agras WS, Hammer LD, McNicholas F, Kraemer HC. Risk factors for childhood overweight: a prospective study from birth to 9.5 years. J Pediatr. 2004;145:20–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kong AP, Wing YK, Choi KC, et al. Associations of sleep duration with obesity and serum lipid profile in children and adolescents. Sleep Med. 2011;12:659–665.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seegers V, Petit D, Falissard B, et al. Short sleep duration and body mass index: a prospective longitudinal study in preadolescence. Am J Epidemiol. 2011;173:621–629.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi Z, Taylor AW, Gill TK, Tuckerman J, Adams R, Martin J. Short sleep duration and obesity among Australian children. BMC Public Health. 2010;10:Article 609.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snell EK, Adam EK, Duncan GJ. Sleep and the body mass index and overweight status of children and adolescents. Child Dev. 2007;78:309–323.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lytle LA, Pasch KE, Farbakhsh K. The relationship between sleep and weight in a sample of adolescents. Obesity. 2011;19:324–331.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landis AM, Parker KP. A retrospective examination of the relationship between body mass index and polysomnographic measures of sleep in adolescents. J Adolesc Health. 2007;40:89–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiss A, Xu F, Storfer-Isser A, Thomas A, Ievers-Landis CE, Redline S. The association of sleep duration with adolescents’ fat and carbohydrate consumption. Sleep. 2010;33:1201–1209.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altman NG, Izci-Balserak B, Schopfer E, et al. Sleep duration versus sleep insufficiency as predictors of cardiometabolic health outcomes. Sleep Med. 2012;13:1261–1270.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anic GM, Titus-Ernstoff L, Newcomb PA, Trentham-Dietz A, Egan KM. Sleep duration and obesity in a population-based study. Sleep Med. 2010;11:447–451.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron KG, Reid KJ, Kern AS, Zee PC. Role of sleep timing in caloric intake and BMI. Obesity. 2011;19:1374–1381.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buxton OM, Cain SW, O’Connor SP, et al. Adverse metabolic consequences in humans of prolonged sleep restriction combined with circadian disruption. Sci Transl Med. 2012;4:129ra43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaput JP, Despres JP, Bouchard C, Tremblay A. The association between sleep duration and weight gain in adults: a 6-year prospective study from the Quebec Family Study. Sleep. 2008;31:517–523.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kobayashi D, Takahashi O, Deshpande GA, Shimbo T, Fukui T. Relation between metabolic syndrome and sleep duration in Japan: a large scale cross-sectional study. Intern Med. 2011;50:103–107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markwald RR, Melanson EL, Smith MR, et al. Impact of insufficient sleep on total daily energy expenditure, food intake, and weight gain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2013;110:5695–5700.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheen AJ, Byrne MM, Plat L, Leproult R, Van Cauter E. Relationships between sleep quality and glucose regulation in normal humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 1996;34:E261–E270.
   Google Scholar
• Bolli GB, De Feo P, De Cosmo, et al. Demonstration of a dawn phenomenon in normal human volunteers. Diabetes. 1984;33:1150–1153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyle PJ, Scott JC, Krentz AJ, Nagy RJ, Comstock E, Hoffman C. Diminished brain glucose metabolism is a significant determinant for falling rates of systemic glucose utilization during sleep in normal humans. J Clin Invest. 1994;93:529–535.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roenneberg T, Allebrandt KV, Merrow M, Vetter C. Social jetlag and obesity. Curr Biol. 2012;22:939–943.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morris CJ, Yang JN, Scheer FA. The impact of the circadian timing system on cardiovascular and metabolic function. Prog Brain Res. 2012;199:337–358.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seicean S, Kirchner HL, Gottlieb DJ, et al. Sleep-disordered breathing and impaired glucose metabolism in normal-weight and overweight/obese individuals: the Sleep Heart Health Study. Diabetes Care. 2008;31:1001–1006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knutson KL. The association between pubertal status and sleep duration and quality among a nationally representative sample of U.S. Adolescents. Am J Hum Biol. 2005;17:418–424.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta NK, Mueller WH, Chan W, Meininger JC. Is obesity associated with poor sleep quality in adolescents? Am J Hum Biol. 2002;14:762–768.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garaulet M, Ortega FB, Ruiz JR, et al. Short sleep duration is associated with increased obesity markers in European adolescents: effect of physical activity and dietary habits. The Helena study. Int J Obes. 2011;35:1308–1317.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lauderdale DS, Knutson KL, Yan LL, et al. Objectively measured sleep characteristics among early-middle-aged adults the CARDIA study. Am J Epidemiol. 2006;164:5–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasler G, Buysse DJ, Klaghofer R, et al. The association between short sleep duration and obesity in young adults: a 13-year prospective study. Sleep. 2004;27:661–666.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calamaro CJ, Park S, Mason TB, et al. Shortened sleep duration does not predict obesity in adolescents. J Sleep Res. 2010;19:559–566.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gottlieb DJ, Punjabi NM, Newman AB, et al. Association of sleep time with diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165:863–867.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kripke DF, Garfinkel L, Wingard DL, Klauber MR, Marler MR. Mortality associated with sleep duration and insomnia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2002;59:131–136.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taheri S, Lin L, Austin D, Young T, Mignot E. Short sleep duration is associated with reduced leptin, elevated ghrelin, and increased body mass index. PLoS Med, 2004;1:e62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buxton OM, Marcelli E. Short and long sleep are positively associated with obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease among adults in the United States. Soc Sci Med. 2010;71:1027–1036.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamakoshi A. Ohno Y. Self-reported sleep duration as a predictor of all-cause mortality: results from the JACC study, Japan. Sleep. 2004;27:51–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knutson KL, Spiegel K, Penev P, Van Cauter E. The metabolic consequences of sleep deprivation. Sleep Med Rev. 2007;11:163–178.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buboltz WC Jr, Soper B, Brown F, Jenkins S. Treatment approaches for sleep difficulties in college students. Couns Psychol Q. 2002;15:229–237.
   Google Scholar
• Jensen DR. Understanding sleep disorders in a college student population. J Coll Couns. 2003;6:25–34.
   Google Scholar
• Wechsler H, Kelley K, Weitzman ER, San Giovanni JP, Seibring M. What colleges are doing about student binge drinking a survey of college administrators. J Am Coll Health. 2000;48:219–226.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF III, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res. 1989;28:193–213.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carpenter JS, Andrykowski MA. Psychometric evaluation of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. J Psychosom Res. 1998;45:5–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Backhaus J, Junghanns K, Broocks A, Riemann D, Hohagen F. Test-retest reliability and validity of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in primary insomnia. J Psychosom Res. 2002;53:737–740.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fichtenberg NL, Putnam SH, Mann NR, Zafonte RD, Millard AE. Insomnia screening in postacute traumatic brain injury: utility and validity of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2001;80:339–345.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, North American Association for the Study of Obesity. The Practical Guide: Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health; 2000. NIH publication no. 00-4084.
   Google Scholar
• Elgar FJ, Roberts C, Tudor-Smith C, Moore L. Validity of self-reported height and weight and predictors of bias in adolescents. J Adolesc Health. 2005;37:371–375.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spencer EA, Appleby PN, Davey GK, Key TJ. Validity of self-reported height and weight in 4808 EPIC-Oxford participants. Public Health Nutr. 2002;5:561–565.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuczmarski MF, Kuczmarski RJ, Najjar M. Effects of age on validity of self-reported height, weight, and body mass index: findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994. J Am Diet Assoc. 2001;101:28–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VanSomeren EJ. More than a marker: interaction between the circadian regulation of temperature and sleep, age-related changes, and treatment possibilities. Chronobiol Int. 2000;17:313–354.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Cauter E, Leproult R, Plat L. Age-related changes in slow wave sleep and REM sleep and relationship with growth hormone and cortisol levels in healthy men. JAMA. 2000;284:861–868.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dijk DJ, Duffy JF, Czeisler CA. Contribution of circadian physiology and sleep homeostasis to age-related changes in human sleep. Chronobiol Int. 2000;17:285–311.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohayon MM, Carskadon MA, Guilleminault C, Vitiello MV. Meta-analysis of quantitative sleep parameters from childhood to old age in healthy individuals: developing normative sleep values across the human lifespan. Sleep. 2004;27:1255–1274.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hauri PJ. A cluster analysis of insomnia. Sleep. 1983;6:326–338.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hauri P, Olmstead E. Childhood-onset insomnia. Sleep. 1980;3:59–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bixler EO, Kales A, Soldatos CR, Kales JD, Healey S. Prevalence of sleep disorders in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. Am J Psychiatry. 1979;136:1257–1262.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guh D, Zhang W, Bansback N, Amarsi Z, Birmingham CL, Anis A. The incidence of co-morbidities related to obesity and overweight: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2009;9:88.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang YC, McPherson K, Marsh T, Gortmaker SL, Brown M. Health and economic burden of the projected obesity trends in the USA and the UK. Lancet. 2011;378:815–825.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calle EE, Thun MJ, Petrelli JM, Rodriguez C, Heath CW. Body-mass index and mortality in a prospective cohort of U.S. adults. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:1097–1105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olshansky SJ, Passaro DJ, Hershow RC, et al. A potential decline in life expectancy in the United States in the 21st century. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:1138–1145.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar