References
- Travers AH, Rea TD, Bobrow BJ, et al. Part 4: CPR overview: 2010 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation. 2010;122(18 Suppl 3):S676–S84.
- Yan S, Gan Y, Jiang N, et al. The global survival rate among adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients who received cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care. 2020;24(1):61.
- Engdahl J, Holmberg M, Karlson BW, et al. The epidemiology of out-of-hospital ‘sudden’ cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2002;52(3):235–245.
- Carr GE, Yuen TC, McConville JF, et al. Early cardiac arrest in patients hospitalized with pneumonia: a report from the American Heart Association’s Get With The Guidelines-Resuscitation Program. Chest. 2012;141(6):1528–1536.
- Leoni D, Rello J. Cardiac arrest among patients with infections: causes, clinical practice and research implications. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2017;23(10):730–735.
- Coba V, Jaehne AK, Suarez A, et al. The incidence and significance of bacteremia in out of hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2014;85(2):196–202.
- Gaussorgues P, Gueugniaud PY, Vedrinne JM, et al. Bacteremia following cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Intensive Care Med. 1988;14(5):575–577.
- El Sayed MJ, Bayram JD. Prehospital emergency medical services in Lebanon: overview and prospects. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2013;28(2):163–165.
- El Sayed M, Al Assad R, Abi Aad Y, et al. Measuring the impact of emergency medical services (EMS) on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival in a developing country: a key metric for EMS systems’ performance. Medicine. 2017;96(29):e7570.
- El Sayed M, Tamim H, Chehadeh AA, et al. Emergency medical services utilization in EMS priority conditions in Beirut, Lebanon. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(6):621–627.
- Soar J, Maconochie I, Wyckoff MH, et al. 2019 international consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations: summary from the basic life support; advanced life support; pediatric life support; neonatal life support; education, implementation, and teams; and first aid task forces. Circulation. 2019;140(24):e826–e880.
- Leibovici L, Shraga I, Drucker M, et al. The benefit of appropriate empirical antibiotic treatment in patients with bloodstream infection. J Intern Med. 1998;244(5):379–386.
- Puskarich MA, Trzeciak S, Shapiro NI, et al. Association between timing of antibiotic administration and mortality from septic shock in patients treated with a quantitative resuscitation protocol. Crit Care Med. 2011;39(9):2066–2071.
- Gajic O, Festic E, Afessa B. Infectious complications in survivors of cardiac arrest admitted to the medical intensive care unit. Resuscitation. 2004;60(1):65–69.
- Mongardon N, Perbet S, Lemiale V, et al. Infectious complications in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients in the therapeutic hypothermia era. Crit Care Med. 2011;39(6):1359–1364.
- Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Rhodes A, et al. Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2012. Crit Care Med. 2013;41(2):580–637.
- Meierhenrich R, Steinhilber E, Eggermann C, et al. Incidence and prognostic impact of new-onset atrial fibrillation in patients with septic shock: a prospective observational study. Crit Care. 2010;14(3):R108.
- Pulido JN, Afessa B, Masaki M, et al. Clinical spectrum, frequency, and significance of myocardial dysfunction in severe sepsis and septic shock. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012;87(7):620–628.
- Schmittinger CA, Dünser MW, Torgersen C, et al. Histologic pathologies of the myocardium in septic shock: a prospective observational study. Shock. 2013;39(4):329–335.
- Kakihana Y, Ito T, Nakahara M, et al. Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction: pathophysiology and management. J Intensive Care. 2016;4:22.
- Cuenca J, Martín-Sanz P, Alvarez-Barrientos AM, et al. Infiltration of inflammatory cells plays an important role in matrix metalloproteinase expression and activation in the heart during sepsis. Am J Pathol. 2006;169(5):1567–1576.
- Davies KJ, Walters JH, Kerslake IM, et al. Early antibiotics improve survival following out-of hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2013;84(5):616–619.
- Hellenkamp K, Onimischewski S, Kruppa J, et al. Early pneumonia and timing of antibiotic therapy in patients after nontraumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Crit Care. 2015;20(1):31.
- Gagnon DJ, Nielsen N, Fraser GL, et al. Prophylactic antibiotics are associated with a lower incidence of pneumonia in cardiac arrest survivors treated with targeted temperature management. Resuscitation. 2015;92:154–159.
- Couper K, Laloo R, Field R, et al. Prophylactic antibiotic use following cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Resuscitation. 2019;141:166–173.