1,081
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Primary Care

Tai Chi training as a primary care plan for the prevention and management of hypertension: an opinion and positioning article

, , , & ORCID Icon
Article: 2320863 | Received 19 Oct 2023, Accepted 14 Feb 2024, Published online: 19 Feb 2024

References

  • Cuspidi C, Tadic M, Grassi G, et al. Treatment of hypertension: the ESH/ESC guidelines recommendations. Pharmacol Res. 2018;128:1–6. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.10.003.
  • Slivnick J, Lampert BC. Hypertension and heart failure. Heart Fail Clin. 2019;15(4):531–541. doi: 10.1016/j.hfc.2019.06.007.
  • Turck D, et al. Dietary reference values for sodium. Efsa j. 2019;17(9):e05778.
  • Kannel WB. Risk factors in hypertension. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1989;13(Suppl 1): s 4–10. doi: 10.1097/00005344-198900131-00003.
  • Mills KT, Bundy JD, Kelly TN, et al. Global disparities of hypertension prevalence and control: a systematic analysis of population-based studies from 90 countries. Circulation. 2016;134(6):441–450. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.018912.
  • Wang Z, Chen Z, Zhang L, et al. Status of hypertension in China: results from the China hypertension survey, 2012–2015. Circulation. 2018;137(22):2344–2356. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.032380.
  • Shrestha PL, Shrestha PA, Vivo RP. Epidemiology of comorbidities in patients with hypertension. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2016;31(4):376–380. doi: 10.1097/HCO.0000000000000298.
  • Hsu CN, Tain YL. Targeting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system to prevent hypertension and kidney disease of developmental origins. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(5):298.
  • Laurent S. Antihypertensive drugs. Pharmacol Res. 2017;124:116–125. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.07.026.
  • Wang JG, Li Y. Characteristics of hypertension in chinese and their relevance for the choice of antihypertensive drugs. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2012;28(Suppl 2):67–72. doi: 10.1002/dmrr.2356.
  • Diaz KM, Shimbo D. Physical activity and the prevention of hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2013;15(6):659–668. doi: 10.1007/s11906-013-0386-8.
  • Sabbahi A, Arena R, Elokda A, et al. Exercise and hypertension: uncovering the mechanisms of vascular control. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2016;59(3):226–234. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2016.09.006.
  • Mendoza MVF, Kachur SM, Lavie CJ. The effects of exercise on lipid biomarkers. Methods Mol Biol. 2022;2343:93–117.
  • Cornelissen VA, Smart NA. Exercise training for blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Heart Assoc. 2013;2(1):e004473.
  • MacDonald HV, et al. Dynamic resistance training as stand-alone antihypertensive lifestyle therapy: a meta-analysis. J Am Heart Assoc. 2016;5(10):e003231.
  • Zhao Y, Zheng Y, Ma X, et al. Low-Intensity resistance exercise combined with blood flow restriction is more conducive to regulate blood pressure and autonomic nervous system in hypertension patients-Compared with high-intensity and low-intensity resistance exercise. Front Physiol. 2022;13:833809. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.833809.
  • Normandin E, Chmelo E, Lyles MF, et al. Effect of resistance training and caloric restriction on the metabolic syndrome. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2017;49(3):413–419. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001122.
  • Alves AJ, Wu Y, Lopes S, et al. Exercise to treat hypertension: late breaking news on exercise prescriptions that FITT. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2022;21(8):280–288. doi: 10.1249/JSR.0000000000000983.
  • Eicher JD, Maresh CM, Tsongalis GJ, et al. The additive blood pressure lowering effects of exercise intensity on post-exercise hypotension. Am Heart J. 2010;160(3):513–520. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2010.06.005.
  • Blanco-Rivero J, Roque FR, Sastre E, et al. Aerobic exercise training increases neuronal nitric oxide release and bioavailability and decreases noradrenaline release in mesenteric artery from spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Hypertens. 2013;31(5):916–926. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e32835f749c.
  • Schoenfeld TJ, Swanson C. A runner’s high for new neurons? Potential role for endorphins in exercise effects on adult neurogenesis. Biomolecules. 2021;11(8):1077. doi: 10.3390/biom11081077.
  • Qiu S, Cai X, Yin H, et al. Exercise training and endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2018;17(1):64. doi: 10.1186/s12933-018-0711-2.
  • Ghofrani H-A, Galiè N, Grimminger F, et al. Riociguat for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(4):330–340. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1209655.
  • de Sousa Lima EB, de Oliveira LCS, da Silva Cardoso G, et al. Moderate-intensity exercise and renin angiotensin system blockade improve the renovascular hypertension (2K1C)-induced gastric dysmotility in rats. Life Sci. 2018;210:55–64. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.08.053.
  • Huang Z-G, Feng Y-H, Li Y-H, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis: Tai Chi for preventing falls in older adults. BMJ Open. 2017;7(2):e013661. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013661.
  • Ishikawa-Takata K, Ohta T, Tanaka H. How much exercise is required to reduce blood pressure in essential hypertensives: a dose-response study. Am J Hypertens. 2003;16(8):629–633. doi: 10.1016/s0895-7061(03)00895-1.
  • Bersaoui M, Baldew S-SM, Cornelis N, et al. The effect of exercise training on blood pressure in african and asian populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2020;27(5):457–472. doi: 10.1177/2047487319871233.
  • Pescatello LS, Franklin BA, Fagard R, et al. American college of sports medicine position stand. Exercise and hypertension. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004;36(3):533–553. doi: 10.1249/01.mss.0000115224.88514.3a.
  • Saco-Ledo G, Valenzuela PL, Ramírez-Jiménez M, et al. Acute aerobic exercise induces short-term reductions in ambulatory blood pressure in patients with hypertension: a systematic review and Meta-Analysis. Hypertension. 2021;78(6):1844–1858. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.18099.
  • Li F, et al. An evaluation of the effects of tai chi exercise on physical function among older persons: a randomized contolled trial. Ann Behav Med. 2001;23(2):139–146.
  • Strain WD, Paldánius PM. Diabetes, cardiovascular disease and the microcirculation. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2018;17(1):57. doi: 10.1186/s12933-018-0703-2.
  • Flack JM, Adekola B. Blood pressure and the new ACC/AHA hypertension guidelines. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2020;30(3):160–164. doi: 10.1016/j.tcm.2019.05.003.
  • Zhong D, Li J, Yang H, et al. Tai Chi for essential hypertension: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2020;22(3):25. doi: 10.1007/s11906-020-1031-y.
  • Tsai J-C, Wang W-H, Chan P, et al. The beneficial effects of Tai Chi Chuan on blood pressure and lipid profile and anxiety status in a randomized controlled trial. J Altern Complement Med. 2003;9(5):747–754. doi: 10.1089/107555303322524599.
  • Wang J, Feng B, Yang X, et al. Tai chi for essential hypertension. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013. 2013;2013:215254.
  • Ma C, Zhou W, Tang Q, et al. The impact of group-based Tai chi on health-status outcomes among community-dwelling older adults with hypertension. Heart Lung. 2018;47(4):337–344. doi: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2018.04.007.
  • Lo H-M, Yeh C-Y, Chang S-C, et al. A Tai Chi exercise programme improved exercise behaviour and reduced blood pressure in outpatients with hypertension. Int J Nurs Pract. 2012;18(6):545–551. doi: 10.1111/ijn.12006.
  • Sun J, Buys N. Community-based mind-body meditative Tai Chi program and its effects on improvement of blood pressure, weight, renal function, serum lipoprotein, and quality of life in Chinese adults with hypertension. Am J Cardiol. 2015;116(7):1076–1081. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.07.012.
  • Shou X-L, Wang L, Jin X-Q, et al. Effect of T'ai Chi exercise on hypertension in young and middle-aged in-service staff. J Altern Complement Med. 2019;25(1):73–78. doi: 10.1089/acm.2018.0011.
  • McDermott K, Kumar D, Goldman V, et al. Training in ChiRunning to reduce blood pressure: a randomized controlled pilot study. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2015;15(1):368. doi: 10.1186/s12906-015-0895-x.
  • Lee MS, Lee E-N, Kim J-I, et al. Tai chi for lowering resting blood pressure in the elderly: a systematic review. J Eval Clin Pract. 2010;16(4):818–824. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2753.2009.01210.x.
  • Yeh GY, Wang C, Wayne PM, et al. The effect of tai chi exercise on blood pressure: a systematic review. Prev Cardiol. 2008;11(2):82–89. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-7141.2008.07565.x.
  • Pan X, Zhang Y, Tao S. Effects of Tai Chi exercise on blood pressure and plasma levels of nitric oxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide in real-world patients with essential hypertension. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2015;37(1):8–14. doi: 10.3109/10641963.2014.881838.
  • Liu D, et al. The efficacy of tai chi and qigong exercises on blood pressure and blood levels of nitric oxide and endothelin-1 in patients with essential hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2020:2020:3267971. doi: 10.1155/2020/3267971.
  • Guan Y, Hao Y, Guan Y, et al. Effects of Tai Chi on essential hypertension and related risk factors: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Rehabil Med. 2020;52(5):jrm00057. doi: 10.2340/16501977-2683.
  • Takemura N, Cheung DST, Fong DYT, et al. Effectiveness of aerobic exercise and Tai Chi interventions on sleep quality in patients with advanced lung cancer: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Oncol. 2023;10(2):176–184. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2023.5248.
  • Wani P, Blanco-Garcia C. A round-up on cost-effectiveness of hypertension therapy based on the 2014 guidelines. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2016;18(3):24. doi: 10.1007/s11886-016-0703-3.
  • Pelliccia A, Sharma S, Gati S, et al. 2020 ESC guidelines on sports cardiology and exercise in patients with cardiovascular disease. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(1):17–96. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa605.
  • Cole AR, Wijarnpreecha K, Chattipakorn SC, et al. Effects of Tai Chi exercise on heart rate variability. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2016;23:59–63. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2016.03.007.
  • Borjesson M, Dellborg M, Niebauer J, et al. Brief recommendations for participation in leisure time or competitive sports in athletes-patients with coronary artery disease: summary of a position statement from the sports cardiology section of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC). Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2020;27(7):770–776. doi: 10.1177/2047487319876186.