Novel biomarkers in patients with uncontrolled hypertension with and without kidney damage

References

• Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W, et al. 2018 ESC/ESH guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J. 2018;39(33):1–15. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy339.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lv J, Ehteshami P, Sarnak MJ, et al. Effects of intensive blood pressure lowering on the progression of chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. CMAJ. 2013;185(11):949–957. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.121468.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Organization WH. Global report on hypertension: the race against a silent killer. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2023. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 30 IGO. 2023.
   Google Scholar
• Burnier M. Improving blood pressure control in the hypertensive population. Hypertension. 2019;74(1):29–31. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.12598.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rizzoni D, De Ciuceis C, Szczepaniak P, et al. Immune system and microvascular remodeling in humans. Hypertension. 2022;79(4):691–705. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.17955.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao L, Harrison DG. Inflammation in hypertension. Can J Cardiol. 2020;36(5):635–647. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2020.01.013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seccia TM, Caroccia B, Calò LA. Hypertensive nephropathy. Moving from classic to emerging pathogenetic mechanisms. J Hypertens. 2017;35(2):205–212. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000001170.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbieri M, Ferrucci L, Corsi AM, et al. Is chronic inflammation a determinant of blood pressure in the elderly? Am J Hypertens. 2003;16(7):537–543. doi: 10.1016/s0895-7061(03)00861-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Miguel C, Pelegrin P, Baroja-Mazo A, et al. Emerging role of the inflammasome and pyroptosis in hypertension. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(3):1064. doi: 10.3390/ijms22031064.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinez-Quinones P, McCarthy CG, Watts SW, et al. Hypertension induced morphological and physiological changes in cells of the arterial wall. Am J Hypertens. 2018;31(10):1067–1078. doi: 10.1093/ajh/hpy083.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mancia G, Kreutz R, Brunström M, et al. ESH guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension the task force for the management of arterial hypertension of the european society of hypertension: endorsed by the international society of hypertension (ISH) and the european renal association (ERA). J Hypertens. 2023;41(12):1874–2071. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000003480.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mariani LH, Martini S, Barisoni L, et al. Interstitial fibrosis scored on whole-slide digital imaging of kidney biopsies is a predictor of outcome in proteinuric glomerulopathies. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2018;33(2):310–318. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfw443.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergland OU, Halvorsen LV, Søraas CL, et al. Detection of nonadherence to antihypertensive treatment by measurements of serum drug concentrations. Hypertension. 2021;78(3):617–628. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.17514.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blom KB, Bergo KK, Espe EKS, et al. Cardiovascular rEmodelling in living kidNey donorS with reduced glomerular filtration rate: rationale and design of the CENS study. Blood Press. 2020;29(2):123–134. doi: 10.1080/08037051.2019.1684817.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delanaye P, Cavalier E, Pottel H, et al. New and old GFR equations: a European perspective. Clin Kidney J. 2023;16(9):1375–1383. doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfad039.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delanaye P, Schaeffner E, Cozzolino M, et al. The new, race-free, chronic kidney disease epidemiology consortium (CKD-EPI) equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate: is it applicable in Europe? A position statement by the european federation of clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine (EFLM). Clin Chem Lab Med. 2023;61(1):44–47. doi: 10.1515/cclm-2022-0928.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KDIGO 2012 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Inter. 2013;3:1–150. https://kdigo.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/KDIGO_2012_CKD_GL.pdf]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levey AS, Stevens LA, Schmid CH, et al. A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate. Ann Intern Med. 2009;150(9):604–612. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rognstad S, Søraas CL, Bergland OU, et al. Establishing serum reference ranges for antihypertensive drugs. Ther Drug Monit. 2021;43(1):116–125. doi: 10.1097/FTD.0000000000000806.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruppert D. Encyclopedia of statistical sciences. Vol. 14, 2nd ed. Hoboken (NJ): Wiley-Interscience; 2006. p. 8765–8770.
   Google Scholar
• Bender R, Lange S. Adjusting for multiple testing–when and how? J Clin Epidemiol. 2001;54(4):343–349. doi: 10.1016/s0895-4356(00)00314-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng W, Mu J, Chu C, et al. Association of blood pressure trajectories in early life with subclinical renal damage in Middle age. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2018;29(12):2835–2846. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2018030263.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson RJ, Herrera-Acosta J, Schreiner GF, et al. Subtle acquired renal injury as a mechanism of salt-sensitive hypertension. N Engl J Med. 2002;346(12):913–923. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra011078.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Brien E, Asmar R, Beilin L, et al. European society of hypertension recommendations for conventional, ambulatory and home blood pressure measurement. J Hypertens. 2003;21(5):821–848. doi: 10.1097/00004872-200305000-00001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agarwal R, Andersen MJ. Prognostic importance of clinic and home blood pressure recordings in patients with chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2006;69(2):406–411. doi: 10.1038/sj.ki.5000081.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clement DL, De Buyzere ML, De Bacquer DA, et al. Prognostic value of ambulatory blood-pressure recordings in patients with treated hypertension. N Engl J Med. 2003;348(24):2407–2415. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa022273.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dolan E, Stanton A, Thijs L, et al. Superiority of ambulatory over clinic blood pressure measurement in predicting mortality: the Dublin outcome study. Hypertension. 2005;46(1):156–161. doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000170138.56903.7a.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen TW, Jeppesen J, Rasmussen S, et al. Ambulatory blood pressure and mortality: a population-based study. Hypertension. 2005;45(4):499–504. doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000160402.39597.3b.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fagard RH, Van Den Broeke C, De Cort P. Prognostic significance of blood pressure measured in the office, at home and during ambulatory monitoring in older patients in general practice. J Hum Hypertens. 2005;19(10):801–807. doi: 10.1038/sj.jhh.1001903.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheung AK, Rahman M, Reboussin DM, et al. Effects of intensive BP control in CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017;28(9):2812–2823. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2017020148.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright JT, Jr., Bakris G, Greene T, et al. Effect of blood pressure lowering and antihypertensive drug class on progression of hypertensive kidney disease: results from the AASK trial. JAMA. 2002;288(19):2421–2431. doi: 10.1001/jama.288.19.2421.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klahr S, Levey AS, Beck GJ, et al. The effects of dietary protein restriction and blood-pressure control on the progression of chronic renal disease. Modification of diet in renal disease study group. N Engl J Med. 1994;330(13):877–884. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199403313301301.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruggenenti P, Perna A, Loriga G, et al. Blood-pressure control for renoprotection in patients with non-diabetic chronic renal disease (REIN-2): multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2005;365(9463):939–946. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)71082-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang Y, Wang Y, Gao PJ. Osteopontin associated with left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction in essential hypertension. J Hum Hypertens. 2020;34(5):388–396. doi: 10.1038/s41371-019-0246-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu TY, Zhang Y, Li Y, et al. The association of serum inflammatory biomarkers with chronic kidney disease in hypertensive patients. Ren Fail. 2014;36(5):666–672. doi: 10.3109/0886022X.2014.890002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stępień E, Wypasek E, Stopyra K, et al. Increased levels of bone remodeling biomarkers (osteoprotegerin and osteopontin) in hypertensive individuals. Clin Biochem. 2011;44(10–11):826–831. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.04.016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lorenzen JM, Neunhöffer H, David S, et al. Angiotensin II receptor blocker and statins lower elevated levels of osteopontin in essential hypertension–results from the EUTOPIA trial. Atherosclerosis. 2010;209(1):184–188. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.09.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinbrenner I, Sekula P, Kotsis F, et al. Association of osteopontin with kidney function and kidney failure in chronic kidney disease patients: the GCKD study. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2023;38(6):1430–1438.. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfac173.
   Google Scholar
• Lok ZSY, Lyle AN. Osteopontin in vascular disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2019;39(4):613–622. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.118.311577.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mamazhakypov A, Sartmyrzaeva M, Sarybaev AS, et al. Clinical and molecular implications of osteopontin in heart failure. Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2022;44(8):3573–3597. doi: 10.3390/cimb44080245.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fliser D, Buchholz K, Haller H, et al. Antiinflammatory effects of angiotensin II subtype 1 receptor blockade in hypertensive patients with microinflammation. Circulation. 2004;110(9):1103–1107. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000140265.21608.8E.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alesutan I, Luong TTD, Schelski N, et al. Circulating uromodulin inhibits vascular calcification by interfering with pro-inflammatory cytokine signalling. Cardiovasc Res. 2021;117(3):930–941. doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa081.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jian L, Fa X, Zhou Z, et al. Functional analysis of UMOD gene and its effect on inflammatory cytokines in serum of essential hypertension patients. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2015;8(9):11356–11363. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4637676/
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jotwani V, Garimella PS, Katz R, et al. Tubular biomarkers and chronic kidney disease progression in SPRINT participants. Am J Nephrol. 2020;51(10):797–805. doi: 10.1159/000509978.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garimella PS, Lee AK, Ambrosius WT, et al. Markers of kidney tubule function and risk of cardiovascular disease events and mortality in the SPRINT trial. Eur Heart J. 2019;40(42):3486–3493. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz392.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trudu M, Janas S, Lanzani C, et al. Common noncoding UMOD gene variants induce salt-sensitive hypertension and kidney damage by increasing uromodulin expression. Nat Med. 2013;19(12):1655–1660. doi: 10.1038/nm.3384.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ponte B, Sadler MC, Olinger E, et al. Mendelian randomization to assess causality between uromodulin, blood pressure and chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2021;100(6):1282–1291. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.08.032.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mikolajczyk TP, Nosalski R, Szczepaniak P, et al. Role of chemokine RANTES in the regulation of perivascular inflammation, T-cell accumulation, and vascular dysfunction in hypertension. Faseb J. 2016;30(5):1987–1999. doi: 10.1096/fj.201500088R.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eikendal AL, Evelein AM, Uiterwaal CS, et al. Relation between circulating inflammatory chemokines and vascular characteristics in healthy, young children. J Am Heart Assoc. 2015;4(12):e002346. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.115.002346.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parissis JT, Korovesis S, Giazitzoglou E, et al. Plasma profiles of peripheral monocyte-related inflammatory markers in patients with arterial hypertension. Correlations with plasma endothelin-1. Int J Cardiol. 2002;83(1):13–21. doi: 10.1016/s0167-5273(02)00021-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lefebvre E, Moyle G, Reshef R, et al. Antifibrotic effects of the dual CCR2/CCR5 antagonist cenicriviroc in animal models of liver and kidney fibrosis. PLoS One. 2016;11(6):e0158156. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rudemiller NP, Crowley SD. The role of chemokines in hypertension and consequent target organ damage. Pharmacol Res. 2017;119:404–411. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.02.026.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Araos P, Amador CA. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as an immunomodulator in endocrine hypertension. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022;13:1006790. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1006790.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonnard B, Ibarrola J, Lima-Posada I, et al. Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated lipocalin from macrophages plays a critical role in renal fibrosis via the CCL5 (chemokine ligand 5)-Th2 Cells-IL4 (interleukin 4) pathway. Hypertension. 2022;79(2):352–364. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.17712.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alderson HV, Ritchie JP, Pagano S, et al. The associations of blood kidney injury molecule-1 and neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated lipocalin with progression from CKD to ESRD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2016;11(12):2141–2149. doi: 10.2215/CJN.02670316.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindberg S, Jensen JS, Mogelvang R, et al. Plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalinin in the general population: association with inflammation and prognosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2014;34(9):2135–2142. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.114.303950.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Afsar B, Covic A, Ortiz A, et al. The future of IL-1 targeting in kidney disease. Drugs. 2018;78(11):1073–1083. doi: 10.1007/s40265-018-0942-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ling YH, Krishnan SM, Chan CT, et al. Anakinra reduces blood pressure and renal fibrosis in one kidney/DOCA/salt-induced hypertension. Pharmacol Res. 2017;116:77–86. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.12.015.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peeters AC, Netea MG, Janssen MC, et al. Pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with essential hypertension. Eur J Clin Invest. 2001;31(1):31–36. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2362.2001.00743.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mauno V, Hannu K, Esko K. Proinflammation and hypertension: a population-based study. Mediators Inflamm. 2008;2008:619704. doi: 10.1155/2008/619704.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Urwyler SA, Ebrahimi F, Burkard T, et al. IL (interleukin)-1 receptor antagonist increases ang (angiotensin [1-7]) and decreases blood pressure in obese individuals. Hypertension. 2020;75(6):1455–1463. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.13982.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Urwyler SA, Schuetz P, Ebrahimi F, et al. Interleukin-1 antagonism decreases cortisol levels in obese individuals. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017;102(5):1712–1718. doi: 10.1210/jc.2016-3931.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ebrahimi F, Urwyler SA, Straumann S, et al. IL-1 antagonism in men with metabolic syndrome and low testosterone: a randomized clinical trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018;103(9):3466–3476. doi: 10.1210/jc.2018-00739.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Group. F-NBW. BEST (biomarkers, EndpointS, and other tools) resource. Bethesda (MD): Food and Drug Administration (US), Silver Spring (MD); National Institutes of Health (US); 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Pennello GA. Analytical and clinical evaluation of biomarkers assays: when are biomarkers ready for prime time? Clin Trials. 2013;10(5):666–676. doi: 10.1177/1740774513497541.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham C, Chooniedass R, Stefura WP, et al. Stability of pro- and anti-inflammatory immune biomarkers for human cohort studies. J Transl Med. 2017;15(1):53. doi: 10.1186/s12967-017-1154-3.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Simpson S, Kaislasuo J, Guller S, et al. Thermal stability of cytokines: a review. Cytokine. 2020;125:154829. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154829.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hosnijeh FS, Krop EJ, Portengen L, et al. Stability and reproducibility of simultaneously detected plasma and ­serum cytokine levels in asymptomatic subjects. Biomarkers. 2010;15(2):140–148. doi: 10.3109/13547500903340570.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lanteri P, Lombardi G, Colombini A, et al. Stability of osteopontin in plasma and serum. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2012;50(11):1979–1984. doi: 10.1515/cclm-2012-0177.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papworth K, Bergh A, Grankvist K, et al. Osteopontin but not parathyroid hormone-related protein predicts prognosis in human renal cell carcinoma. Acta Oncol. 2013;52(1):159–165. doi: 10.3109/0284186X.2012.693623.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodhams B, Girardot O, Blanco MJ, et al. Stability of coagulation proteins in frozen plasma. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. 2001;12(4):229–236. doi: 10.1097/00001721-200106000-00002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bach J, Haubelt H, Hellstern P. Sources of variation in factor VIII, von willebrand factor and fibrinogen measurements: implications for detecting deficiencies and increased plasma levels. Thromb Res. 2010;126(3):e188-195–e195. doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2010.05.029.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pedersen KR, Ravn HB, Hjortdal VE, et al. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL): validation of commercially available ELISA. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2010;70(5):374–382. doi: 10.3109/00365513.2010.486868.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scherberich JE, Gruber R, Nockher WA, et al. Serum uromodulin-a marker of kidney function and renal parenchymal integrity. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2018;33(2):284–295. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfw422.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Youhanna S, Weber J, Beaujean V, et al. Determination of uromodulin in human urine: influence of storage and processing. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2014;29(1):136–145. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gft345.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar