Prevalence of restless legs symptoms according to depressive symptoms and depression type: a cross-sectional study

References

• Hening WA. Restless legs syndrome: a sensorimotor disorder of sleep/wake motor regulation. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2002;2:186–196.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Allen RP, Picchietti D, Hening WA, et al. Restless legs syndrome: diagnostic criteria, special considerations, and epidemiology. A report from the restless legs syndrome diagnosis and epidemiology workshop at the National Institutes of Health. Sleep Med. 2003;4:101–119.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tzonova D, Larrosa O, Calvo E, et al. Breakthrough symptoms during the daytime in patients with restless legs syndrome (Willis-Ekbom disease). Sleep Med. 2012;13:151–155.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takahashi M, Ikeda J, Tomida T, et al. Daytime symptoms of restless legs syndrome-clinical characteristics and rotigotine effectiveness. Sleep Med. 2015;16:871–876.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ondo W, Jankovic J. Restless legs syndrome: clinicoetiologic correlates. Neurology. 1996;47:1435–1441.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Earley CJ, Silber MH. Restless legs syndrome: understanding its consequences and the need for better treatment. Sleep Med. 2010;11:807–815.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hening W, Walters AS, Allen RP, et al. Impact, diagnosis and treatment of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in a primary care population: the REST (RLS epidemiology, symptoms, and treatment) primary care study. Sleep Med. 2004;5:237–246.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen RP, Walters AS, Montplaisir J, et al. Restless legs syndrome prevalence and impact: REST general population study. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165:1286–1292.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Juuti AK, Laara E, Rajala U, et al. Prevalence and associated factors of restless legs in a 57-year-old urban population in northern Finland. Acta Neurol Scand. 2010;122:63–69.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nichols DA, Allen RP, Grauke JH, et al. Restless legs syndrome symptoms in primary care: a prevalence study. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163:2323–2329.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferri R, Lanuzza B, Cosentino FII, et al. A single question for the rapid screening of restless legs syndrome in the neurological clinical practice. Eur J Neurol. 2007;14:1016–1021.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ulfberg J, Bjorvatn B, Leissner L, et al. Comorbidity in restless legs syndrome among a sample of Swedish adults. Sleep Med. 2007;8:768–772.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benediktsdottir B, Janson C, Lindberg E, et al. Prevalence of restless legs syndrome among adults in Iceland and Sweden: lung function, comorbidity, ferritin, biomarkers and quality of life. Sleep Med. 2010;11:1043–1048.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stiasny-Kolster K, Trenkwalder C, Fogel W, et al. Restless legs syndrome–new insights into clinical characteristics, pathophysiology, and treatment options. J Neurol. 2004;251 (Suppl 6):39–43.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones R, Cavanna AE. The neurobiology and treatment of restless legs syndrome. Behav Neurol. 2013;26:283–292.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trenkwalder C, Paulus W. Why do restless legs occur at rest? – Pathophysiology of neuronal structures in RLS. Neurophysiology of RLS (part 2). Clin Neurophysiol. 2004;115:1975–1988.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winkelmann J, Schormair B, Lichtner P, et al. Genome-wide association study of restless legs syndrome identifies common variants in three genomic regions. Nat Genet. 2007;39:1000–1006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salminen AV, Rimpila V, Polo O. Peripheral hypoxia in restless legs syndrome (Willis-Ekbom disease). Neurology. 2014;82:1856–1861.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia-Borreguero D, Kohnen R, Silber MH, et al. The long-term treatment of restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease: evidence-based guidelines and clinical consensus best practice guidance: a report from the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group. Sleep Med. 2013;14:675–684.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen RP, Chen C, Garcia-Borreguero D, et al. Comparison of pregabalin with pramipexole for restless legs syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2014;370:621–631.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Happe S, Vennemann M, Evers S, et al. Treatment wish of individuals with known and unknown restless legs syndrome in the community. J Neurol. 2008;255:1365–1371.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen RP, Stillman P, Myers AJ. Physician-diagnosed restless legs syndrome in a large sample of primary medical care patients in western Europe: prevalence and characteristics. Sleep Med. 2010;11:31–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Happe S, Reese JP, Stiasny-Kolster K, et al. Assessing health-related quality of life in patients with restless legs syndrome. Sleep Med. 2009;10:295–305.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackie S, Winkelman JW. Long-term treatment of restless legs syndrome (RLS): an approach to management of worsening symptoms, loss of efficacy, and augmentation. CNS Drugs. 2015;29:351–357.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winkelmann J, Prager M, Lieb R, et al. “Anxietas tibiarum”. Depression and anxiety disorders in patients with restless legs syndrome. J Neurol. 2005;252:67–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nomura T, Inoue Y, Kusumi M, et al. Prevalence of restless legs syndrome in a rural community in Japan. Mov Disord. 2008;23:2363–2369.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wesstrom J, Nilsson S, Sundstrom-Poromaa I, et al. Restless legs syndrome among women: prevalence, co-morbidity and possible relationship to menopause. Climacteric. 2008;11:422–428.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ulfberg J, Nystrom B, Carter N, et al. Prevalence of restless legs syndrome among men aged 18 to 64 years: an association with somatic disease and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Mov Disord. 2001;16:1159–1163.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor M, Fink M. Melancholia: a clinician’s guide to diagnosis and treatment. West Nyack (NY): Cambridge University Press; 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Harald B, Gordon P. Meta-review of depressive subtyping models. J Affect Disord. 2012;139:126–140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seppala J, Vanhala M, Kautiainen H, et al. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in subjects with melancholic and non-melancholic depressive symptoms. A Finnish population-based study. J Affect Disord. 2012;136:543–549.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Vito K, Li Y, Batool-Anwar S, et al. Prospective study of obesity, hypertension, high cholesterol, and risk of restless legs syndrome. Mov Disord. 2014;29:1044–1052.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlesinger I, Erikh I, Avizohar O, et al. Cardiovascular risk factors in restless legs syndrome. Mov Disord. 2009;24:1587–1592.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck AT. A systematic investigation of depression. Compr Psychiatry. 1961;2:163–170.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheehan D, Lecrubier Y, Janavs J. Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Tampa (FL): Institute for Research in Psychiatry, University of South Florida; 1994.
   Google Scholar
• Koponen H, Kautiainen H, Leppanen E, et al. Cardiometabolic risk factors in patients referred to depression nurse case managers. Nord J Psychiatry. 2015;69:262–267.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ovaskainen Y, Koponen H, Jokelainen J, et al. Depressive symptomatology is associated with decreased interleukin-1 beta and increased interleukin-1 receptor antagonist levels in males. Psychiatry Res. 2009;167:73–79.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanhala M, Jokelainen J, Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi S, et al. Depressive symptoms predispose females to metabolic syndrome: a 7-year follow-up study. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2009;119:137–142.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szentkiralyi A, Volzke H, Hoffmann W, et al. The relationship between depressive symptoms and restless legs syndrome in two prospective cohort studies. Psychosom Med. 2013;75:359–365.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogan RK, Lee DO, Buchfuhrer MJ, et al. Treatment response to sleep, pain, and mood disturbance and their correlation with sleep disturbance in adult patients with moderate-to-severe primary restless legs syndrome: pooled analyses from 3 trials of gabapentin enacarbil. Ann Med. 2015;47:269–277.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hornyak M, Kopasz M, Berger M, et al. Impact of sleep-related complaints on depressive symptoms in patients with restless legs syndrome. J Clin Psychiatry. 2005;66:1139–1145.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohayon MM, Roth T. Prevalence of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder in the general population. J Psychosom Res. 2002;53:547–554.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips B, Young T, Finn L, et al. Epidemiology of restless legs symptoms in adults. Arch Intern Med. 2000;160:2137–2141.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim WH, Kim BS, Kim SK, et al. Restless legs syndrome in older people: a community-based study on its prevalence and association with major depressive disorder in older Korean adults. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2012;27:565–572.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luppino FS, de Wit LM, Bouvy PF, et al. Overweight, obesity, and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010;67:220–229.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teychenne M, Ball K, Salmon J. Physical activity and likelihood of depression in adults: a review. Prev Med. 2008;46:397–411.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muller MJ, Kundermann B, Cabanel N. Eveningness and poor sleep quality independently contribute to self-reported depression severity in psychiatric inpatients with affective disorder. Nord J Psychiatry. 2016;70:329–334.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pettersson A, Bostrom KB, Gustavsson P, et al. Which instruments to support diagnosis of depression have sufficient accuracy? A systematic review. Nord J Psychiatry. 2015;69:497–508.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar