In-Vitro and in-Vivo Evaluation of the Developed Curcumin-Cyclosporine-Loaded Nanoemulgel for the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis

References

• Abdallah, M. H., Lila, A. S., Unissa, R., Elsewedy, H. S., Elghamry, H. A., Soliman, M. S. (2021, September 1). Preparation, characterization and evaluation of anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of brucine-loaded nanoemulgel. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 205, 111868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111868
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Algahtani, M. S., Ahmad, M. Z., & Ahmad, J. (2020a, April 28). Nanoemulgel for improved topical delivery of retinyl palmitate: Formulation design and stability evaluation. Nanomaterials, 10(5), 848. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10050848
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Algahtani, M. S., Ahmad, M. Z., Ahmad, J. (2020b, October 1). Nanoemulsion loaded polymeric hydrogel for topical delivery of curcumin in psoriasis. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 59, 101847. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101847
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baek, S. H., Park, T., Kang, M. G., & Park, D. (2020, September 7). Anti-inflammatory activity and ROS regulation effect of sinapaldehyde in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Molecules, 25(18), 4089. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25184089
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhattacharya, S. A., & Prajapati, B. G. (2017). Formulation and optimization of celecoxib nanoemulgel. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 10(8), 353–365. https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i8.19510
   Google Scholar
• Bullock, J., Rizvi, S. A., Saleh, A. M., Ahmed, S. S., Do, D. P., Ansari, R. A., & Ahmed, J. (2019, March 1). Rheumatoid arthritis: A brief overview of the treatment. Medical Principles and Practice, 27(6), 501–507. https://doi.org/10.1159/000493390
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cajas, L. J., Casallas, A., Medina, Y. F., Quintana, G., & Rondón, F. (2019, April). Pannus and rheumatoid arthritis: Historic and pathophysiological evolution. Revista Colombiana de Reumatología (English Edition), 26(2), 118–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcreue.2018.10.005
   Google Scholar
• Chen, M., Kumar, S., Anselmo, A. C., Gupta, V., Slee, D. H., Muraski, J. A., & Mitragotri, S. (2015, February 10). Topical delivery of cyclosporine a into the skin using SPACE-peptide. Journal of Controlled Release, 199, 190–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.11.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, Y. C., Shen, S. C., Lee, W. R., Hou, W. C., Yang, L. L., Lee, T. J. (2001, September 15). Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors and lipopolysaccharide induced inducible NOS and cyclooxygenase‐2 gene expressions by rutin, quercetin, and quercetin pentaacetate in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, 82(4), 537–48. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.1184
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung, Y. C., Park, S. M., Kim, J. H., Lee, G. S., Lee, J. N., Hyun, C. G. (2018, May). Anti-inflammatory effect of pratol in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells via NF-κB signaling pathways. Natural Product Communications, 13(5), 1934578X1801300509. https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1801300509
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desai, N. E., Momin, M. U., Singh, U. P., Khan, T. A., & Sherje, A. T. (2019). Analytical method development and validation for simultaneous estimation of curcumin and cyclosporine by RP-HPLC. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 26–33. https://doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2019v11i2.28975
   Google Scholar
• Donthi, M. R., Munnangi, S. R., Krishna, K. V., Saha, R. N., Singhvi, G., & Dubey, S. K. (2023, January 3). Nanoemulgel: A novel nano carrier as a tool for topical drug delivery. Pharmaceutics, 15(1), 164. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15010164
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donthi, M. R., Saha, R. N., Singhvi, G., & Dubey, S. K. (2023, February 22). Dasatinib-loaded topical nano-emulgel for rheumatoid arthritis: Formulation design and optimization by QbD, in vitro, ex vivo, and In vivo evaluation. Pharmaceutics, 15(3), 736. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15030736
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Saadony, M. T., Yang, T., Korma, S. A., Sitohy, M., El-Mageed, A., Taia, A., Selim, S., Al Jaouni, S. K., Salem, H. M., Mahmmod, Y., & Soliman, S. M. (2023, January 10). Impacts of turmeric and its principal bioactive curcumin on human health: Pharmaceutical, medicinal, and food applications: A comprehensive review. Frontiers in Nutrition, 9, 1040259. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.1040259
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ershad, A., Taziki, S., Ebrahimian, M., & Abadi, S. S. (2023, April 1). Acute cyclosporine overdose: A systematic review. Medicina Clínica Práctica, 6(2), 100358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcpsp.2022.100358
   Google Scholar
• Gharat, S., Basudkar, V., Momin, M., & Prabhu, A. (2023, March 20). Mucoadhesive oro-gel–containing chitosan lipidic nanoparticles for the management of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation, 18(3), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12247-023-09724-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gokhale, J. P., Mahajan, H. S., Surana, S. J. (2019, April 1). Quercetin loaded nanoemulsion-based gel for rheumatoid arthritis: In vivo and in vitro studies. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 112, 108622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108622
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gostyńska, A., Czerniel, J., Kuźmińska, J., Brzozowski, J., Majchrzak-Celińska, A., Krajka-Kuźniak, V., & Stawny, M. (2023, January 29). Honokiol-loaded nanoemulsion for glioblastoma treatment: Statistical optimization, physicochemical characterization, and an in vitro toxicity assay. Pharmaceutics, 15(2), 448. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15020448
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo, Q., Wang, Y., Xu, D., Nossent, J., Pavlos, N. J., & Xu, J. (2018, April 27). Rheumatoid arthritis: Pathological mechanisms and modern pharmacologic therapies. Bone Research, 6(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41413-018-0016-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, J., Yao, X., Weng, G., Qi, H., & Ye, X. (2018, April 1). Protective effect of curcumin against cyclosporine ainduced rat nephrotoxicity. Molecular Medicine Reports, 17(4), 6038–6044. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.8591
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hwang, J. H., Ma, J. N., Park, J. H., Jung, H. W., & Park, Y. K. (2019, January 1). Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of MOK, a polyherbal extract, on lipopolysaccharide‑stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 43(1), 26–36. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2018.3937
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kany, S., Vollrath, J. T., Relja, B. (2019, November 28). Cytokines in inflammatory disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(23), 6008. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20236008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, J. W., Suh, C. H. (2020, June 26). Systemic manifestations and complications in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(6), 2008. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9062008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimmerling, K. A., Gomoll, A. H., Farr, J., & Mowry, K. C. (2020, May). Amniotic suspension allograft modulates inflammation in a rat pain model of osteoarthritis. Journal of Orthopaedic Research®, 38(5), 1141–9. https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.24559
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kou, H., Huang, L., Jin, M., He, Q., Zhang, R., Ma, J. (2023 May 31). Effect of curcumin on rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Immunology, 14, 1121655. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1121655
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurkó, J., Besenyei, T., Laki, J., Glant, T. T., Mikecz, K., Szekanecz, Z. (2013, October). Genetics of rheumatoid arthritis—a comprehensive review. Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology, 45(2), 170–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-012-8346-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurowska, W., Kuca-Warnawin, E. H., Radzikowska, A., & Maśliński, W. (2017, October 1). The role of Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibodies (ACPA) in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Central European Journal of Immunology, 42(4), 390–8. https://doi.org/10.5114/ceji.2017.72807
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liddicoat, A. M., Lavelle, E. C. (2019, May 1). Modulation of innate immunity by cyclosporine A. Biochemical Pharmacology, 163, 472–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2019.03.022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malaviya, A. N., Kapoor, S. K., Singh, R. R., Kumar, A., Pande, I. (1993, November). Prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in the adult Indian population. Rheumatology International, 13(4), 131–4. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00301258
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohammed, N. K., Muhialdin, B. J., Meor Hussin, A. S. (2020, June). Characterization of nanoemulsion of nigella sativa oil and its application in ice cream. Food Science & Nutrition, 8(6), 2608–18. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.1500
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morsy, M. A., Abdel-Latif, R. G., Nair, A. B., Venugopala, K. N., Ahmed, A. F., Elsewedy, H. S., & Shehata, T. M. (2019, November 13). Preparation and evaluation of atorvastatin-loaded nanoemulgel on wound-healing efficacy. Pharmaceutics, 11(11), 609. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11110609
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilsson, J., Andersson, M. L., Hafström, I., Svensson, B., Forslind, K., Ajeganova, S., Leu Agelii, M., & Gjertsson, I. (2021 May 24). Influence of age and sex on disease course and treatment in rheumatoid arthritis. Open Access Rheumatology: Research and Reviews, 13, 123–138. https://doi.org/10.2147/OARRR.S306378
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishal, S., Jhawat, V., Phaugat, P., Dutt, R. (2022, August 3). In vitro characterization of tofacitinib loaded novel nanoemulgel for topical delivery for the management of rheumatic arthritis. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 48(8), 374–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/03639045.2022.2119572
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ostrowska, M., Maśliński, W., Prochorec-Sobieszek, M., Nieciecki, M., & Sudoł-Szopińska, I. (2018, March 1). Cartilage and bone damage in rheumatoid arthritis. Reumatologia/Rheumatology, 56(2), 111–20. https://doi.org/10.5114/reum.2018.75523
   Google Scholar
• Pandey, S., Rai, N., Mahtab, A., Mittal, D., Ahmad, F. J., Sandal, N., Neupane, Y. R., Verma, A. K., Talegaonkar, S. (2021, February 28). Hyaluronate-functionalized hydroxyapatite nanoparticles laden with methotrexate and teriflunomide for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 171, 502–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.204
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pathan, I., Mangle, M., & Bairagi, S. (2016 May 3). Design and characterization of nanoemulsion for transdermal delivery of meloxicam. Analytical Chemistry Letters, 6(3), 286–95. https://doi.org/10.1080/22297928.2016.1209126
   Google Scholar
• Peng, Y., Ao, M., Dong, B., Jiang, Y., Yu, L., Chen, Z., Hu, C., & Xu, R. (2021, November). Anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin in the inflammatory diseases: Status, limitations and countermeasures. Drug Design, Development and Therapy, 2, 4503–4525. https://doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S327378
   Google Scholar
• Porro, C., Cianciulli, A., Trotta, T., Lofrumento, D. D., & Panaro, M. A. (2019, June 27). Curcumin regulates anti-inflammatory responses by JAK/STAT/SOCS signaling pathway in BV-2 microglial cells. Biology, 8(3), 51. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology8030051
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Price, J. C. (2003). Handbook of pharmaceutical excipients. Pharmaceutical Press; American Pharmaceutical Association.
   Google Scholar
• Protocol IC. (2010). ICCVAM-Recommended test method protocol: Hen’s Egg Test—Chorioallantoic Membrane (HET-CAM) test method. NIH Publication. 13:B30–8.
   Google Scholar
• Qiu, J. G., Mei, X. L., Chen, Z. S., & Shi, Z. (2014, May 19). Cytokine Detection by Flow Cytometry. In I. Vancurova (Ed.),Cytokine Bioassays: Methods and Protocols (Vol. 1172, pp. 235–242). Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0928-5_21
   Google Scholar
• Rehman, A., Iqbal, M., Khan, B. A., Khan, M. K., Huwaimel, B., Alshehri, S., Alamri, A. H., Alzhrani, R. M., Bukhary, D. M., Safhi, A. Y., & Hosny, K. M. (2022, September 19). Fabrication, in vitro, and in vivo assessment of eucalyptol-loaded nanoemulgel as a novel paradigm for wound healing. Pharmaceutics, 14(9), 1971. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14091971
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schuetz, M., Einecke, G., Mai, I., Neumayer, H. H., Glander, P., Waiser, J., Fritsche, L., & Budde, K. (2005, April 20). Problems of cyclosporine absorption profiling using C2-monitoring. European Journal of Medical Research, 10(4), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfh819
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma, N., Kaur, G., & Khatkar, S. K. (2021, April 1). Optimization of emulsification conditions for designing ultrasound assisted curcumin loaded nanoemulsion: Characterization, antioxidant assay and release kinetics. Lwt, 141, 110962. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2021.110962
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh, J. A. (2022, August 1). Treatment guidelines in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America, 48(3), 679–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rdc.2022.03.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sohn, S. I., Priya, A., Balasubramaniam, B., Muthuramalingam, P., Sivasankar, C., Selvaraj, A., Valliammai, A., Jothi, R., & Pandian, S. (2021, December 7). Biomedical applications and bioavailability of curcumin—An updated overview. Pharmaceutics, 13(12), 2102. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13122102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soni, J. M., Sardoiwala, M. N., Choudhury, S. R., Sharma, S. S., Karmakar, S. (2021, May 1). Melatonin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles endows nitric oxide synthase 2 mediated anti-inflammatory activity in inflammatory bowel disease model. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 124, 112038. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2021.112038
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sparks, J. A. (2019, January 1). Rheumatoid arthritis. Annals of Internal Medicine, 170(1), ITC1–ITC16. https://doi.org/10.7326/AITC201901010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinmuller, D. R. (1989, January 1). Cyclosporine nephrotoxicity. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, 56(1), 89–95. https://doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.56.1.89
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suresh, P., Salem-Bekhit, M. M., Veedu, H. P., Alshehri, S., Nair, S. C., Bukhari, S. I., Viswanad, V., Taha, E. I., Sahu, R. K., Ghoneim, M. M., & Elbagory, I. (2022, April 11). Development of a novel methotrexate-loaded nanoemulsion for rheumatoid arthritis treatment with site-specific targeting subcutaneous delivery. Nanomaterials, 12(8), 1299. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12081299
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tapia, C., Nessel, T. A., & Zito PM. (2023, March 7). Cyclosporine. In StatPearls [internet]. StatPearls Publishing. January. PMID: 29494057.
   Google Scholar
• Vartak, R., Menon, S., Patki, M., Billack, B., & Patel, K. (2020, May 30). Ebselen nanoemulgel for the treatment of topical fungal infection. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 148, 105323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105323
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vos, T., Lim, S. S., Abbafati, C., Abbas, K. M., Abbasi, M., Abbasifard, M., Abbasi-Kangevari, M., Abbastabar, H., Abd-Allah, F., Abdelalim, A., Abdollahi, M., Abdollahpour, I., Abolhassani, H., Aboyans, V., Abrams, E. M., Abreu, L. G., Abrigo, M. R. M., Abu-Raddad, L. J., Abushouk, A. I., Acebedo, A., Naghavi, M. (2020, October 17). Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019. The Lancet, 396(10258), 1204–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30925-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, Q., Wang, X., Nepovimova, E., Wang, Y., Yang, H., Kuca, K. (2018, August 1). Mechanism of cyclosporine a nephrotoxicity: Oxidative stress, autophagy, and signalings. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 118, 889–907. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2018.06.054
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu, Y., Wu, Q. (2021, July 26). Prevalence trend and disparities in rheumatoid arthritis among US adults, 2005–2018. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(15), 3289. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10153289
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, G., Lee, K., Lee, M., Ham, I., Choi, H. Y. (2012, December). Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 production by chloroform fraction of cudrania tricuspidata in RAW 264.7 macrophages. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 12(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-12-250
   Google Scholar
• Yap, H. Y., Tee, S. Z., Wong, M. M., Chow, S. K., Peh, S. C., & Teow, S. Y. (2018, October 9). Pathogenic role of immune cells in rheumatoid arthritis: Implications in clinical treatment and biomarker development. Cells, 7(10), 161. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells7100161
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar