The psychology of abortion: A review and suggestions for future research

References

• Abramson , LY , Seligman , MEP and Teasdale , J . 1978 . Learned helplessness in humans: Critique and reformulation . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 87 : 49 – 74 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adams , HPJ . 1985 . Physical abuse during pregnancy . Obstetrics and Gynecology , 66 : 185 – 190 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adler , NE . 1975 . Emotional responses of women following therapeutic abortion: how great a problem? . Journal of Applied Social Psychology , 6 : 240 – 259 .
   Google Scholar
• Adler , NE , David , HP , Major , BN , Roth , SH , Russo , NF and Wyatt , GE . 1990 . Psychological responses after abortion . Science , 248 : 41 – 44 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adler NF Dolcini P 1986 Psychological issues in abortion for adolescents In: Melton, G. (Ed.) Adolescent abortion: Psychological and legal issues (pp. 74–95) Lincoln University of Nebraska Press
   Google Scholar
• Alan Guttmacher Institute 1996 Facts at a glance: Induced abortion Author New York
   Google Scholar
• Alan Guttmacher Institute 2000 The Status of Major Abortion Laws in the States (on-line) Available at, http://www.agi-usa.org
   Google Scholar
• Allanson , S and Astbury , J . 1995 . The abortion decision: Reasons and ambivalence . Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology , 16 : 123 – 136 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allanson , S and Astbury , J . 2001 . Attachment style and broken attachments: Violence, pregnancy, and abortion . Australian Journal of Psychology , 53 : 146 – 151 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amaro , H , Fried , LW , Cabral , H and Zuckerman , B . 1990 . Violence during pregnancy and substance use . American Journal of Public Health , 80 : 575 – 579 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anthanasiou , R , Oppel , W , Michelson , L , Unger , T and Yager , M . 1973 . Psychiatric sequelae to term birth and induced early and late abortion: A longitudinal study . Family Planning Perspectives , 5 : 227 – 231 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Appleby , L . 1991 . Suicide during pregnancy and in the first postnatal year . British Medical Journal , 302 : 137 – 140 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Appleby , L and Turnbull , G . 1995 . Parasuicide in the first postnatal year . Psychological Medicine , 25 : 1087 – 1090 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armsworth , M . 1991 . Psychological response to abortion . Journal of Counseling and Development , 69 : 377 – 379 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Array J 1968 Aborto: estudios psicoanalitico Paidos, Buenos Aires, Ediciones Horme
   Google Scholar
• Ashton , J . 1980 . The psychosocial outcome of induced abortion . British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology , 87 : 1115 – 1122 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baetsen , KL , Rankin , RE , Fuller , GB and Stack , JM . 1985 . A comparative MMPI study of abortion-seeking women and those who intend to carry their pregnancies to term . Family Practice Research Journal , 4 : 199 – 207 .
   Google Scholar
• Badgley RF Caron DF Powell MG 1977 Report of the committee on abortion law (pp. 313–321) Ottawa Supply and Services
   Google Scholar
• Bandura , A . 1982 . Self-efficacy in human agency . American Psychologist , 37 : 122 – 147 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandura , A . 1989 . Regulation of cognitive processes through perceived self-efficacy . Developmental Psychology , 25 : 729 – 735 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandura , A . 2002 . Social cognitive theory in cultural context . Applied Psychology: An International Review , 51 : 269 – 290 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnard C 1990 The long-term psychosocial effects of abortion Institute for Pregnancy Loss Jacksonville Florida
   Google Scholar
• Baron , RM and Kenny , DA . 1986 . The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic and statistical considerations . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 51 : 1173 – 1182 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck , CT . 2001 . Predictors of postpartum depression: an update . Nursing Research , 50 : 275 – 285 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benedict , MI , White , RB and Cornely , DA . 1985 . Maternal perinatal risk factors and child abuse . Child Abuse and Neglect , 9 : 217 – 224 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berger , C , Gold , D , Andres , D , Gillett , P and Kinch , R . 1984 . Repeat abortion: Is it a problem? . Family Planning Perspectives , 16 : 70 – 75 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Blazer , DG , Kessler , RC , McGonagle , KA and Swartz , MS . 1994 . The prevalence and distribution of major depression in a national community sample: The National Comorbidity Survey . American Journal of Psychiatry , 151 : 979 – 986 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogen , I . 1974 . Attitudes of women who have had abortions . Journal of Sex Research , 10 : 97 – 109 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borins , EFM and Forsythe , PJ . 1985 . Past Trauma and present functioning of patients attending a women's psychiatric clinic . American Journal of Psychiatry , 142 : 460
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bracken , MB . 1978 . A causal model of psychosomatic reactions to vacuum aspiration abortion . Social Psychiatry , 13 : 135 – 145 .
   Google Scholar
• Bracken , MB , Hachamovitch , M and Grossman , G . 1974 . The decision to abort and psychological sequelae . Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 158 : 155 – 161 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bracken , MB and Kasi , S . 1975 . First and repeat abortions: A study of decision-making and delay . Journal of Biosocial Science , 7 : 473 – 491 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bracken , MB , Klerman , LV and Bracken , M . 1978 . Coping with pregnancy resolution among never-married women . Journal of Orthopsychiatry , 48 : 320 – 334 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bracken , MB and Swigar , ME . 1972 . Factors associated with delay in seeking induced abortions: A review and theoretical analysis . American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology , 121 : 1008 – 1019 .
   Google Scholar
• Bradley , CF . 1984 . Abortion and subsequent pregnancy . Canadian Journal of Psychiatry , 29 : 494
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broggess , S and Bradner , C . 2000 . Trends in adolescent males’ abortion attitudes, 1988–1995: Differences by race and ethnicity . Family Planning Perspectives , 32 : 118 – 123 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brett , W and Brett , A . 1992 . Outcome and management of crisis pregnancy counseling . New Zealand Medical Journal , 105 : 7 – 9 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bronfenbrenner U 1979 The ecology of human development Cambridge Mass Harvard University Press
   Google Scholar
• Bronfenbrenner , U . 1986 . The ecology of the family as a context for human development: research perspectives . Developmental Psychology , 22 : 723 – 742 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bronfenbrenner U 1989 Ecological systems theory In: Vasta, R. (Ed.) Annals of Child Development Vol. 6 pp. 187–249 Greenwich CT JAI Press
   Google Scholar
• Bronfenbrenner U 1993 The ecology of cognitive development: Research models and fugitive findings In: Wozniak, R., & Fischer, K. (Eds.) Development in context: Acting and thinking in specific environments pp. 3–44 Hillsdale NJ Erlbaum
   Google Scholar
• Brofenbrenner U 1998 Growing chaos in the lives of children youth and families: How can we turn it around? Parenthood in America. Conference Proceedings University of Wisconsin-Madison General Library System Madison WI
   Google Scholar
• Burnam , MA , Stein , JA , Golding , JM , Siegel , JM , Sorenson , SB , Forsythe , AB and Telles , CA . 1988 . Sexual assault and mental disorders in a community population . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 56 : 843 – 850 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burnell , GM and Norfleet , MA . 1987 . Women's self-reported responses to abortion . The Journal of Psychology , 121 : 71 – 76 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butlet , C . 1996 . Late psychological sequelae of abortion: Questions from a primary care physician . Journal of Family Practice , 43 : 396 – 401 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell , N , Franco , K and Jurs , S . 1988 . Abortion in adolescence . Adolescence , 23 : 813 – 823 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cates , W and Grimes , DA . 1981 . Deaths from second trimester abortion by dilatation and evacuation: causes, prevention, facilities . Obstetrics and Gynecology , 58 : 401 – 408 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . 1994 . Abortion surveillance: preliminary data – United States, 1992 . Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report , 43 : 930 – 939 .
   Google Scholar
• Cohen , T and Roth , S . 1984 . Coping with abortion . Journal of Human Stress , 10 : 140 – 145 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coleman PK Maxey CD 2004 The choice to abort among mothers living under ecologically deprived conditions: predictors and consequences Manuscript submitted for possible publication in Family Relations
   Google Scholar
• Coleman , PK and Nelson , ES . 1998 . The quality of abortion decisions and college students’ reports of post-abortion emotional sequelae and abortion attitudes . Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , 17 : 425 – 442 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coleman , PK , Reardon , DC and Cougle , J . 2002 . The quality of the caregiving environment and child developmental outcomes associated with maternal history of abortion using the NLSY data . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines , 43 : 743 – 758 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coleman , PK , Reardon , DC , Rue , V and Cougle , J . 2002a . Prior history of induced abortion and substance use during pregnancy . American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology , 187 : 1673 – 1678 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coleman , PK , Reardon , DC , Rue , V and Cougle , J . 2002b . State–funded abortions vs. deliveries: A comparison of outpatient mental health claims over four years . American Journal of Orthopsychiatry , 72 : 141 – 152 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colman A Colman L 1971 Pregnancy: The psychological experience
   Google Scholar
• Condon , JT . 1986 . The spectrum of fetal abuse in pregnant women . Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 174 : 509 – 516 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Congleton , G and Calhoun , L . 1993 . Post-abortion perceptions: A comparison of self-identified distressed and non-distressed populations . International Journal of Social Psychiatry , 39 : 255 – 265 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Conklin , M and O’Connor , B . 1995 . Beliefs about the fetus as a moderator of postabortion psychological well-being . Journal of Social Psychiatry , 39 : 76 – 81 .
   Google Scholar
• Cougle , J , Reardon , DC and Coleman , PK . 2003 . Depression associated with abortion and childbirth: A long-term analysis of the NLSY cohort . Medical Science Monitor , 9 : CR105 – 112 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cozzarelli , C . 1993 . Personality and self-efficacy as predictors of coping with abortion . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 65 : 1224 – 1236 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cozzarelli , C , Karrasch , A , Sumer , N and Major , B . 1994 . The meaning and impact of partner's accompaniment on women's adjustment to abortion . Journal of Applied Social Psychology , 24 : 2028 – 2056 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cozzarelli , C , Major , B , Karrasch , A and Fuegen , K . 2000 . Women's experiences of and reactions to antiabortion picketing . Basic and Applied Social Psychology , 22 : 265 – 275 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cozzarelli , C , Sumer , N and Major , B . 1998 . Mental models of attachment and coping with abortion . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 74 : 453 – 467 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cranley , MS . 1981 . Development of a tool for measurement of maternal attachment during pregnancy . Nursing Research , 30 : 281 – 284 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canadian Medical Association Journal . 2003 . Unwanted results: The ethics of controversial research . Canadian Medical Association Journal , 169 : 93
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dagg , P . 1991 . The psychological sequelae of therapeutic abortion . American Journal of Psychiatry , 5 : 578 – 585 .
   Google Scholar
• David , H , Rasmussen , N and Holst , E . 1981 . Post-abortion and postpartum psychotic reactions . Family Planning Perspectives , 13 : 88 – 91 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• De Veber , L , Ajzenstat , J and Chisholm , D . 1991 . Postabortion grief: Psychological sequelae of induced abortion . Humane Medicine , 7 : 203 – 209 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Drower , SA and Nash , ES . 1978 . Therapeutic abortion on psychiatric grounds . South Africa Medical Journal , 54 : 604 – 608 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dugger K 1998 Black women and the question of abortion In: Beckman, L. J., & Harvey, S. M. (Eds.) The new civil war: The psychology culture, and politics of abortion pp. 107–131 Washington DC American Psychological Association
   Google Scholar
• Evans , A . 2001 . The influence of significant others on Australian teenagers’ decisions about pregnancy resolution . Family Planning Perspectives , 33 : 224 – 230 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Faria , G , Barrett , E and Goodman , LM . 1985 . Women and abortion: Attitudes, social networks, decision-making . Social Work in Health Care , 11 : 85 – 99 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisher , S . 1986 . Reflections on repeated abortions: The meanings and motivations . Journal of Social Work Practice , 2 : 70 – 87 .
   Google Scholar
• Fleming , AS , Ruble , DN , Flett , GL and Van Wagner , V . 1990 . Adjustment in first-time mothers: Changes in mood and mood content during the early postpartum months . Developmental Psychology , 26 : 137 – 143 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forrest , JD . 1994 . Preventing unwanted pregnancy: The role of hormonal contraceptives . American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology , 170 : 485 – 1489 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foster , V and Sprinthall , NA . 1992 . Developmental profiles of adolescents and young adults choosing abortion: Stage sequence, decalage, and implications for policy . Adolescence , 27 : 655 – 673 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Franco , KN , Tamburrino , M , Campbell , N , Pentz , J and Jurs , S . 1989 . Psychological profile of dysphoric women post abortion . Journal of the American Medical Women's Association , 44 : 113
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Franz , W and Reardon , D . 1992 . Differential impact of abortion on adolescents and adults . Adolescence , 27 : 161 – 172 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freeman , E . 1980 . Emotional distress patterns among women having first or repeat abortions . Obstetrics and Gynecology , 55 : 630 – 636 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedman , C , Greenspan , R and Mittleman , F . 1974 . The decision-making process and the outcome of therapeutic abortion . American Journal of Psychiatry , 131 : 1332 – 1337 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fu , H , Darroch , JE , Henshaw , SK and Kolb , E . 1998 . Measuring the extent of abortion underreporting in the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth . Family Planning Perspectives , 30 : 133 – 138 .
   Google Scholar
• Gilchrist , AC , Hannaford , PC , Frank , P and Kay , CR . 1995 . Termination of pregnancy and psychiatric morbidity . British Journal of Psychology , 167 : 243 – 248 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilligan C 1982 In a different voice Cambridge MA Harvard University Press
   Google Scholar
• Gissler , M , Kauppila , R , Merilainen , J , Toukomaa , H and Hemminki , E . 1997 . Pregnancy-associated deaths in Finland 1987–1994 – definition problems and benefits of record linkage . Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica , 76 : 651 – 657 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glander , SS , Moore , ML , Michielutte , R and Parsons , LH . 1998 . The prevalence of domestic violence among women seeking abortion . Obstetrics and Gynecology , 91 : 1002 – 1006 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gold D Berger C Andres D 1979 The abortion choice: Psychological determinants and consequences, Concordia University, Department of Psychology Montreal
   Google Scholar
• Goodman , LA , Koss , MP and Russo , NF . 1993a . Violence against women: Physical and mental health effects Part I: Research findings . Applied and Preventive Psychology: Current Scientific Perspectives , 2 : 79 – 89 .
   Google Scholar
• Goodman , LA , Koss , MP and Russo , NF . 1993b . Violence against women: Physical and mental health effects, Part II: Conceptualizing post-traumatic stress . Applied and Preventive Psychology: Current Scientific Perspectives , 2 : 123 – 130 .
   Google Scholar
• Gould , NB . 1980 . Postabortion depressive reactions in college women . Journal of American College Health Association , 28 : 316 – 320 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Grimes , DA , Bachicha , JA and Learman , LA . 1998 . Teaching critical appraisal to medical students in obstetrics and gynecology . Obstetrics and Gynecology , 92 : 877 – 881 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall , EJ and Marx-Ferree , M . 1986 . Race differences in abortion attitudes . Public Opinion Quarterly , 50 : 193 – 207 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Handy , JA . 1982 . Psychological and social aspects of induced abortion . British Journal of Clinical Psychology , 21 : 29 – 41 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hedin , LW and Janson , PO . 2000 . Domestic violence during pregnancy: The prevalence of physical injuries, substance abuse, abortions and miscarriages . Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica , 79 : 625 – 630 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henshaw , SK . 1998 . Unintended pregnancy in the United States . Family Planning Perspectives , 30 : 24–29 and 46
   Google Scholar
• Henshaw , SK and Silverman , J . 1988 . Characteristics and contraceptive use of abortion patients . Family Planning Perspectives , 20 : 158
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Howe , B , Kaplan , R and English , C . 1979 . Repeat abortions: Blaming the victims . American Journal of Public Health , 69 : 1242 – 1246 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoyer , G and Lund , E . 1993 . Suicide among women related to number of children in marriage . Archives of General Psychiatry , 50 : 134 – 137 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Husfeldt , C , Hansen , SK , Lyngberg , A , Noddebo , M and Pettersson , B . 1995 . Ambivalence among women applying for abortion . Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologia Scandinavica , 74 : 813 – 817 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Illsley , R and Hall , MH . 1976 . Psychological aspects of abortion: A review of issues and needed research . Bulletin of the World Health Organization , 53 : 83 – 103 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janoff-Bulman , RJ . 1979 . Characterological versus behavioral self-blame: Inquiries into depression and rape . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 37 : 1798 – 1809 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jansson , B . 1965 . Mental disorders after abortion . Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavia , 41 : 87 – 110 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joy , ST . 1985 . Abortion: An issue to grieve?, Journal of Counseling and Development , 63 : 375 – 376 .
   Google Scholar
• Kemp , VH and Page , CK . 1987 . Maternal prenatal attachment in normal and high risk pregnancies . Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing , 16 : 179 – 184 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kent , I , Greenwood , RC , Loeken , J and Nichols , W . 1978 . Emotional sequelae of elective abortion . British Columbia Medical Journal , 20 : 118 – 119 .
   Google Scholar
• Kent , I and Nichols , W . 1981 . Bereavement in post-abortive women: A clinical report . World Journal of Psychosynthesis , 13 : 14 – 17 .
   Google Scholar
• Kerenyi , TD , Glascock , EL and Horowitz , ML . 1973 . Reasons for delayed abortion: Results of four hundred interviews . American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology , 117 : 299 – 311 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kero , A , Hoegberg , U , Jacobsson , L and Lalos , A . 2001 . Legal abortion: A painful necessity . Social Science and Medicine , 53 : 1481 – 1490 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keshen , A . 2003 . Abortion perils debated, letter to the editor . Canadian Medical Association Journal , 169 : 102
   Google Scholar
• Kitamura , T , Toda , MA , Shima , S and Sugawara , M . 1998 . Single and repeated elective abortions in Japan: A psychosocial study . Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology , 19 : 126 – 134 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koss , MP , Koss , MP and Woodruff , WJ . 1991 . Deleterious effects of criminal victimization on women's health and medical utilization . Archives of Internal Medicine , 151 : 342 – 357 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar R Robson K 1978 Neurotic disturbance during pregnancy and the puerperium: Preliminary report of a prospective survey of 119 primiparae In: Sandler, M. (Ed.) Mental illness in pregnancy and the puerperium pp. 40–51 Oxford England Oxford Medical Publications
   Google Scholar
• Kumar , R and Robson , K . 1984 . A prospective study of emotional disorders in childbearing women . British Journal of Psychiatry , 144 : 34 – 47 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landy , U . 1986 . Abortion counseling: A new component of medical care . Clinics in Obstetrics and Gynecology , 13 : 33 – 41 .
   Google Scholar
• Lask , B . 1975 . Short-term psychiatric sequelae to therapeutic termination of pregnancy . British Journal of Psychiatry , 126 : 173 – 177 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazarus , A . 1985 . Psychiatric sequelae of legalized first trimester abortion . Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology , 4 : 141 – 150 .
   Google Scholar
• Leach , J . 1977 . The repeat abortion patient . Family Planning Perspectives , 9 : 37 – 39 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leathers , SJ and Kelley , MA . 2000 . Unintended pregnancy and depressive symptoms among first-time mothers and fathers . American Journal of Orthopsychiatry , 70 : 523 – 531 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leifer , M . 1977 . Psychological changes accompanying pregnancy and motherhood . Genetic Psychology Monographs , 95 : 55 – 96 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lemkau , JP . 1991 . Post-abortion adjustment of health care professionals in training . American Journal of Orthopsychiatry , 61 : 92 – 102 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemkau , JP . 1988 . Emotional sequelae of abortion: Implications for clinical practice . Psychology of Women Quarterly , 12 : 461 – 472 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis , WJ . 1997 . Factors associated with post-abortion adjustment problems: Implications for triage . The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality , 6 : 9 – 17 .
   Google Scholar
• Lieh-Mak , F , Tam , Y and Ng , S . 1979 . Husbands of abortion applicants: A comparison with husbands of women who complete their pregnancies . Social Psychiatry , 14 : 59 – 64 .
   Google Scholar
• Linares , LO , Leadbeater , BJ , Jaffe , L , Kato , PM and Diaz , A . 1992 . Predictors of repeat pregnancy outcome among Black and Puerto Rican adolescent mothers . Journal of developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics , 13 : 89 – 94 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linehan , MM , Goodstein , JL , Nielsen , SL and Chiles , JA . 1983 . Reasons for staying alive when you are thinking about killing yourself: the reasons for living inventory . Journal of Counseling and Clinical Psychology , 51 : 276 – 286 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Llewellyn , SP and Pytches , R . 1988 . An investigation of anxiety following termination of pregnancy . Journal of Advanced Nursing , 13 : 468 – 471 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lodl , K , McGettigan , A and Bucy , J . 1985 . Women's responses to abortion: implications for post-abortion support groups . Journal of Social Work and Human Sexuality , 3 : 119 – 132 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lyndon , J , Dunkel-Schetter , C , Cohan , CL and Pierce , T . 1996 . Pregnancy decision making as a significant life event: a commitment approach . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 71 : 141 – 151 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Major , B , Cozzarelli , C , Sciacchitano , AM , Cooper , ML , Testa , M and Mueller , PM . 1990 . Perceived social support, self-efficacy, and adjustment to abortion . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 59 : 186 – 197 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Major , B and Cozzarelli , C . 1992 . Psychological predictors of adjustment to abortion . Journal of Social Issues , 48 : 121 – 142 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Major , B , Cozzarelli , C , Cooper , ML , Zubek , J , Richards , C , Wilhite , M and Gramzow , RH . 2000 . Psychological responses of women after first-trimester abortion . Archives of General Psychiatry , 57 : 777 – 784 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Major , B , Mueller , P and Hildebrandt , K . 1985 . Attributions, expectations, and coping with abortion . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 48 : 585 – 599 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Major , B , Zubek , JM , Cooper , ML , Cozzarelli , C and Richards , C . 1997 . Mixed Messages: Implications of social conflict and social support within close relationships for adjustment to a stressful life event . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 72 : 1349 – 1363 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin , CD . 1973 . Psychological problems for the unwed teenage girl . Genetic Psychology Monographs , 88 : 23 – 110 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mathews-Green F 1994 Real choices Sisters OR Multnomah Books
   Google Scholar
• Miller , WB . 1992 . An empirical study of the psychological antecedents and consequences of induced abortion . Journal of Social Issues , 48 : 67 – 93 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller WB Pasta DJ Dean CL 1998 Testing a model of the psychological consequences of abortion In: Beckman, L. J., & Harvey, S. M. (Eds.) The new civil war: The psychology, culture, and politics of abortion pp. 235–267 Washington DC American Psychological Association
   Google Scholar
• Morgan , C , Evans , M , Peter , JR and Currie , C . 1997 . Mental health may deteriorate as a direct result of induced abortion . British Medical Journal , 314 : 902
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moseley , DT , Follongstad , DR , Harley , H and Heckel , RV . 1981 . Psychological factors that predict reaction to abortion . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 37 : 276 – 279 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mueller , P and Major , B . 1989 . Self-blame, self-efficacy and adjustment to abortion . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 57 : 1059 – 1068 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ney , PG . 1993 . Some real issues surrounding abortion, or, the current practice of abortion is unscientific . The Journal of Clinical Ethics , 4 : 179 – 190 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ney , PG , Fung , T and Wickett , AR . 1993 . Relations between induced abortion and child abuse and neglect: Four studies . Pre and Perinatal Psychology Journal , 8 : 43 – 63 .
   Google Scholar
• Niswander , K , Singer , J and Singer , M . 1972 . Psychological reaction to therapeutic abortion . American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology , 114 : 29 – 33 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olson , L . 1980 . Social and psychological correlates of pregnancy decisions among adolescent women . American Journal of Orthopsychiatry , 50 : 432 – 445 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osofsky , JD and Osofsky , HJ . 1972 . The psychological reaction of patients to legalized abortion . American Journal of Orthopsychiatry , 42 : 48 – 60 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osofsky JD Osofsky HJ Rajan R 1973 Psychological effects of abortion with emphasis upon the immediate reactions and follow-up In: Osofsky, H. J., & Osofsky, J. D. (Eds.) The abortion experience pp. 189–205 Hagerstown MD Harper and Row
   Google Scholar
• Ostbye , T , Wenghofer , EF , Woodward , CA , Gold , G and Craighead , J . 2001 . Health services utilization after induced abortions in Ontario: a comparison between community clinics and hospitals . American Journal of Medical Quality , 16 : 99 – 106 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patterson , MJ , Hill , RP and Maloy , K . 1995 . Abortion in America: A consumer-based perspective . Journal of Consumer Research , 21 : 677 – 694 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Payne , E , Kravitz , A , Notman , M and Anderson , J . 1976 . Outcome following therapeutic abortion . Archives of General Psychiatry , 33 : 725 – 733 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perez-Reyes , MG and Falk , R . 1973 . Follow-up after abortion in early adolescence . Archives of Gen Psychiatry , 28 : 120 – 126 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pratt WF Horn MC 1985 Wanted and unwanted childbearing, United States, 1972–1982 Advanced Data from Vital and Health Statistics, no 108 Department of Health and Human Services Publication No. 85–1250. Government Printing Office
   Google Scholar
• Presser , H . 1971 . The timing of the first birth, female roles, and black fertility . Millbank Memorial Fund Quarterly , 49 : 329 – 359 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rasch , V , Muhammad , H , Urassa , E and Bergstrom , S . 2000 . Self-reports of induced abortion: an empathetic setting can improve the quality of data . American Journal of Public Health , 90 : 1141 – 1144 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reardon DC May, 1997 Predictive factors of post-abortion maladjustment: Clinical, legal, and ethical implications Presentation given at the American Psychiatric Association Annual Meeting
   Google Scholar
• Reardon , DC and Cougle , J . 2002a . Depression and unintended pregnancy in the national longitudinal survey of youth: A cohort study . British Medical Journal , 324 : 151 – 152 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reardon , DC and Cougle , J . 2002b . Depression and unintended pregnancy in young women: Authors reply . British Medical Journal , 324 : 1097
   Google Scholar
• Reardon , DC , Cougle , J , Ney , PG , Scheuren , F , Coleman , PK and Strahan , TW . 2002 . Deaths associated with delivery and abortion among California Medicaid patients: A record linkage study . Southern Medical Journal , 95 : 834 – 841 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reardon , DC , Cougle , J , Rue , VM , Shuping , M , Coleman , PK and Ney , PG . 2003 . Psychiatric admissions of low-income women following abortion and childbirth . Canadian Medical Association Journal , 168 : 1253 – 1256 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reardon , DC and Ney , PG . 2000 . Abortion and subsequent substance abuse . American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse , 26 : 61 – 75 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Remennick , LI and Segal , R . 2001 . Sociocultural context and women's experiences of abortion: Israeli women and Russian immigrants compared . Culture, Health, and Sexuality , 3 : 49 – 66 .
   Google Scholar
• Riggs , VP . 1980 . Regulating abortion service (letter) . New England Journal of Medicine , 302 : 350
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Russo NF 1992 Psychological aspects of unwanted pregnancy and its resolution In: Butler, J. D., Walbert, D. F. (Eds.) Abortion, medicine, and the law 4th Edn pp. 593–626 New York Facts on File
   Google Scholar
• Russo , N and Denious , JE . 2001 . Violence in the lives of women having abortions: Implications for policy and practice . Professional Psychology Research and Practice , 32 : 142 – 150 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russo , NF , Horn , J and Schwartz , R . 1992 . Abortion in context: Characteristics and motivations of women who seek abortions . Journal of Social Issues , 48 : 182 – 201 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russo NF Pope L 1993, May Implications of violence against women for reproductive health: Focus on abortion services. Paper presented at the “Psychology and Women's Health: Creating a Psychosocial Agenda for the 21st Century” Conference Washington DC
   Google Scholar
• Russo , N and Zierk , K . 1992 . Abortion, childbearing and women's well-being . Professional Psychology: Research and Practice , 23 : 269 – 280 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryff , CD . 1989 . Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 57 : 839 – 852 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selby T 1990 The Mourning After: Help for Post-Abortion Syndrome Grand Rapids, Michigan, Baker
   Google Scholar
• Shusterman , LR . 1979 . Predicting the psychological consequences of abortion . Social Science and Medicine , 13 : 683 – 689 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simonds , W , Ellertson , C , Springer , K and Winikoff , B . 1998 . Social Science and Medicine , 46 : 1313 – 1323 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siomopoulos , V . 1981 . Narcissistic personality disorder: Clinical features . American Journal of Psychotherapy , XLII : 240 – 253 .
   Google Scholar
• Skelton G (March 19, 1989 p. 28) Many in survey who had abortions cite guilt feelings Los Angeles Times Los Angeles Tribune Publishing Company
   Google Scholar
• Skjeldestad , FE . 1994 . When pregnant: Why induced abortion? . Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine , 22 : 68 – 73 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smetana , J and Adler , N . 1979 . Understanding the abortion decision: A test of Fishbein's Expectancy Value Model . Journal of Population, Behavioral, Social, and Environmental Issues , 24 : 338 – 357 .
   Google Scholar
• Soderberg , H , Andersson , C , Janzon , L and Slosberg , N-O . 1997 . Continued pregnancy among abortion applicants. A study of women having a change of mind . Act Obstetricia Gynecologica Scandinavia , 76 : 942 – 947 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soderberg , H , Janzon , L and Slosberg , N-O . 1998 . Emotional distress following induced abortion: A study of its incidence and determinants among adoptees in Malmo, Sweden . European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology , 79 : 173 – 178 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Speckhard A 1987 Psycho-social stress following abortion Kansas City Missouri Sheed and Ward
   Google Scholar
• Speckhard , A and Rue , V . 1992 . Postabortion syndrome: An emerging public health concern . Journal of Social Issues , 48 : 95 – 119 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Squires , S . May 9, 1995 . Most pregnancies unplanned or unwanted, study says . Washington Post Health , 11 : 7
   Google Scholar
• Stites , MC . 1982 . Decision making model of pregnancy counseling . Journal of American College Health , 30 : 244 – 247 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stone , R and Waszak , C . 1992 . Adolescent knowledge and attitudes about abortion . Family Planning Perspectives , 24 : 52 – 57 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stotland , N . 1992 . The myth of the abortion trauma syndrome . Journal of the American Medical Association , 268 : 2078 – 2079 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stotland , N . 1993 . Realistic reflections on an emotional subject . Journal of Clinical Ethics , 4 : 177 – 178 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stotland , N . 1998 . Abortion: Social context, psychodynamic implications . American Journal of Psychiatry , 155 : 964 – 967 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szabady , E and Klinger , A . 1972 . Pilot surveys of repeated abortion . International Mental Heath Research Newsletter , 14 : 6
   Google Scholar
• Thorp , JM , Hartmann , KE and Shadigian , E . 2003 . Long-term physical and psychological health consequences of induced abortion: Review of the evidence . Obstetrical and Gynecological Survey , 58 : 67 – 79 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tietze , C . 1978 . Repeat abortions – why more? . Family Planning Perspectives , 10 : 286 – 288 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tietze , C , Rowland-Hogue , CJ and Cates , W Jr. 1982 . The effects of induced abortion on subsequent reproduction . Epidemiological Review , 4 : 66 – 94 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tornbom , M , Ingelhammar , E , Lilja , H , Moller , A and Svanberg , B . 1994 . Evaluation of stated motives for legal abortion . Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology , 15 : 27 – 33 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torres , A and Forrest , JD . 1988 . Why do women have abortions? . Family Planning Perspectives , 20 : 169 – 176 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vaughan M 1991 Canonical Variates of Post-abortion Syndrome, Institute for Pregnancy Loss Portsmouth NH
   Google Scholar
• Walter , GS . 1970 . Psychologic and emotional consequences of elective abortion: A review . Obstetrics and Gynecology , 36 : 482 – 491 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whittaker , A . 2002 . Eliciting qualitative information about induced abortion: Lessons from Northeast Thailand . Health Care for Women International , 23 : 631 – 641 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Williams LB Pratt WP 1990 Wanted and unwanted childbearing in the United States: 1973–1988 (Advance data from Vital and Health Statistics, No. 189) National Center for Health Statistics Hyattsville MD
   Google Scholar
• Wilmoth , GH , deAlteriis , M and Bussell , D . 1992 . Prevalence of psychological risks following legal abortion in the U.S.: Limits of the evidence . Journal of Social Issues , 48 : 37 – 66 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamaguchi , D and Kandel , D . 1987 . Drug use and other determinants of premarital pregnancy and its outcome: a dynamic analysis of competing life events . Journal of Marriage and the Family , 49 : 257 – 270 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zabin , LS , Hirsch , MB and Emerson , MR . 1989 . When urban adolescents choose abortion: effects on education, psychological status, and subsequent pregnancy . Family Planning Perspectives , 21 : 248 – 255 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zavodny , M . 2001 . The effect of partners’ characteristics on teenage pregnancy and its resolution . Family Planning Perspectives , 33 : 192–199 and 205
   Google Scholar
• Zimmerman MK 1977 Passage through abortion New York Praeger Publishers
   Google Scholar
• Zolese , G and Blacker , CVR . 1992 . The psychological complications of therapeutic abortion . British Journal of Psychiatry , 160 : 742 – 749 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar