517
Views
25
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Letter to the Editor

There's something about Molly: The underresearched yet popular powder form of ecstasy in the United States

, PhD, MPH

References

  • Miech RA, Johnston LD, O'Malley PM, Bachman JG, Schulenberg JE. Monitoring the Future National Survey Results on Drug Use, 1975–2014: Volume I, Secondary School Students. Ann Arbor, MI: Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan; 2015.
  • Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Results From the 2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Summary of National Findings. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; 2014. NSDUH Series H-48, HHS Publication No. (SMA) 14–4863.
  • Parrott AC. Is ecstasy MDMA? A review of the proportion of ecstasy tablets containing MDMA, their dosage levels, and the changing perceptions of purity. Psychopharmacology. 2004;173:234–241.
  • Tanner-Smith EE. Pharmacological content of tablets sold as “ecstasy”: results from an online testing service. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2006;83:247–254.
  • Shulgin A, Shulgin A. Pihkal: A Chemical Love Story. Berkeley, CA: Transform Press; 2004.
  • Baggott M, Heifets B, Jones RT, Mendelson J, Sferios E, Zehnder J. Chemical analysis of ecstasy pills. JAMA. 2000;284:2190.
  • Vogels N, Brunt TM, Rigter S, van Dijk P, Vervaeke H, Niesink RJ. Content of ecstasy in the Netherlands: 1993–2008. Addiction. 2009;104:2057–2066.
  • Vidal Giné C, Ventura Vilamala M, Fornís Espinosa I, et al. Crystals and tablets in the Spanish ecstasy market 2000–2014: are they the same or different in terms of purity and adulteration? Forensic Sci Int. 2016;263:164–168.
  • Giné CV, Espinosa IF, Vilamala MV. New psychoactive substances as adulterants of controlled drugs. A worrying phenomenon? Drug Test Anal. 2014;6:819–824.
  • Kraner JC, McCoy DJ, Evans MA, Evans LE, Sweeney BJ. Fatalities caused by the MDMA-related drug paramethoxyamphetamine (PMA). J Anal Toxicol. 2001;25:645–648.
  • Brunt TM, Nagy C, Bücheli A, et al. Drug testing in Europe: monitoring results of the Trans European Drug Information (TEDI) project. Drug Test Anal. 2016. [Epub ahead of print]. doi: 10.1002/dta.1954.
  • Owen F. Clubland: The Fabulous Rise and Murderous Fall of Club Culture. New York: St. Martin's Press; 2003.
  • Duterte M, Jacinto C, Sales P, Murphy S. What's in a label? Ecstasy sellers' perceptions of pill brands. J Psychoactive Drugs. 2009;41:27–37.
  • Aleksander I. Molly: pure, but not so simple. The New York Times. June 21, 2013. http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/23/fashion/molly-pure-but-not-so-simple.html?_r=0. Accessed August 11, 2016.
  • Bronstein AC, Spyker DA, Cantilena LR Jr, Green JL, Rumack BH, Giffin SL. 2009 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers' National Poison Data System (NPDS): 27th Annual Report. Clin Toxicol. 2010;48:979–1178.
  • Mowry JB, Spyker DA, Cantilena LR Jr, McMillan N, Ford M. 2013 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers' National Poison Data System (NPDS): 31st Annual Report. Clin Toxicol. 2014;52:1032–1283.
  • Ridpath A, Driver CR, Nolan ML, et al. Illnesses and deaths among persons attending an electronic dance-music festival—New York City, 2013. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2014;63:1195–1198.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Ecstasy overdoses at a New Year's Eve rave—Los Angeles, California, 2010. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2010;59:677–681.
  • Federal Register. Project: 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (OMB No. 0930–0110)—Revision. Fed Regist. 2014;79:35760.
  • Palamar JJ, Keyes K, Cleland CM. Underreporting of ecstasy use among high school seniors in the US. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2016;165:279–282.
  • Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. The DAWN Report: Ecstasy-Related Emergency Department Visits by Young People Increased Between 2005 and 2011; Alcohol Involvement Remains a Concern. SAMHSA, Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; 2013.
  • Gwynne K. Meet the people who want to make it safer to take drugs at festivals. Rolling Stone. August 7, 2015. http://www.rollingstone.com/culture/features/meet-the-people-who-want-to-make-it-safer-to-take-drugs-at-festivals-20150807. Accessed August 11, 2016.
  • Palamar JJ, Salomone A, Vincenti M, Cleland CM. Detection of “bath salts” and other novel psychoactive substances in hair samples of ecstasy/MDMA/“Molly” users. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2016;161:200–205.
  • Palamar JJ, Acosta P, Ompad DC, Cleland CM. Self-reported ecstasy/MDMA/“Molly” use in a sample of nightclub and dance festival attendees in New York City. Subst Use Misuse. 2017;52:82–91. doi: 10.1080/10826084.2016.1219373.
  • Murray RA, Doering PL, Boothby LA, et al. Putting an Ecstasy test kit to the test: harm reduction or harm induction? Pharmacotherapy. 2003;23:1238–1244.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.