384
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Variable time of onset of Clostridium difficile disease initiated by antimicrobial treatment in hamsters

Pages 163-168 | Published online: 11 Jul 2009

References

  • Kelly CP, LaMont JT. Clostridium difficile infection. Ann Rev Med 1998; 49: 375–90.
  • Gorbach SL, Bartlett JG. PM enterocolitis: A review of its diverse forms. J Infect Dis ;(Suppl) 1977; 135: S89–94.
  • Fekety R, McFarland LV, Surawicz CM, Greenberg RN, Elmer GW, Mulligan ME. Recurrent Clostridium difficile diarrhea: Characteristics of and risk factors for patients en-rolled in a prospective, randomized, double-blinded trial. Clin Infect Dis 1997; 24: 324–33.
  • Tedesco FJ. Clindamycin and colitis: a review. J Infect Dis 1977; 135: S95–8.
  • Bartlett JG, Chang TW, Gurwith M, Gorbach SL, Onder-donk AB. Antibiotic-associated-pseudomembraneous colitis due to toxin-producing Clostridia. N Engl J Med 1978; 298: 531–4.
  • Gantz NM, Zawacki JK, Dickerson WJ, Bartlett JG. Pseu-domembranous colitis associated with erythromycin. Annals of Internal Medicine 1979; 91: 866–7.
  • Job ML, Jacobs NFJ. Drug-induced Clostridium difficile-as-sociated disease. Drug Safety. 1997; 17: 37–46.
  • Settle CD, Wilcox MH. Review article: antibiotic-induced Clostridium difficile infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1996; 10: 835–41.
  • Spencer RC. The role of antimicrobial agents in the aetiology of Clostridium diffici/e-associated disease. J Antimicrob Chemother. (suppl. C) 1998; 41: 21–7.
  • Anand A, Bashey B, Mir T, Glatt AE. Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and outcome of Clostridium difficile-associ-ated diarrhea. Am J Gastroenterol 1994; 89: 519–23.
  • Silva J, Fekety R, Werk C, et al. Inciting and etiologic agents of colitis. Rev Infect Dis 1984; 6: S214–21.
  • Aronsson B, Möllby R, Nord CE. Antimicrobial agents and Clostridium difficile in acute enteric disease: Epidemiological data from Sweden, 1980-82. J Infect Dis 1985; 151: 476–81.
  • de Lalla F, Privitera G, Ortisi G, et al. Third generation cephalosporins as a risk factor for Clostridium difficile-associ-ated disease: a four-year survey in a general hospital. J Antimicrob Chemother 1989; 23: 623–31.
  • Bignardi GE. Risk factors for Clostridium difficile infection. J Hosp Infect 1998; 40: 1–15.
  • Ebright JR, Fekety R, Silva J, Wilson KH. Evaluation of eight cephalosporins in hamster colitis model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1981; 19: 980–6.
  • Bartlett JG, Chang TW, Moon N, Onderdonk AB. Antibi-otic-induced lethal enterocolitis in hamsters: studies with eleven agents and evidence to support the pathogenic role of toxin-producing Clostridia.. Am J Vet Res 1978; 39: 1525–30.
  • Weinberg DS, Fernandes PB, Kao CC, Clark JM, Bonner DP, Sykes RB. Evaluation of aztreonam, cefoperazone, lata- moxef and ceftazidime in the hamster colitis model. J Antimi-crob Chemother 1986; 18: 729–45.
  • Larson HE, Borriello SP. Quantitative study of antibiotic-in-duced susceptibility to Clostridium difficile enterocecitis in hamsters. Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy 1990; 34: 1348–53.
  • Torres JF, Lyerly DM, Hill JE, Monath TP. Evaluation of formalin-inactivated Clostridium difficile vaccines adminis-tered by parenteral and mucosal routes of immunization in hamsters. Infect Immun 1995; 63: 4619–27.
  • Bongaerts GPA, Lyerly DM. Role of toxins A and B in the pathogenesis of Clostridium difficile disease. Microbial Patho-genesis 1994; 17: 1–12.
  • Kink JA, Williams JA. Antibodies to recombinant Clostrid-ium difficile toxins A and B are an effective treatment and prevent relapse of C. diffici/e-associated disease in a hamster model of infection. Infect Immun 1998; 66: 2018–25.
  • McFarland LV, Mulligan ME, Kwok RY, Stamm WE. Noso-comial acquisition of Clostridium difficile infection. N Engl J Med 1989; 320: 204–10.
  • Hirschhorn LR, Tmka Y, Onderdonk A, Lee M-LT, Platt R. Epidemiology of community-acquired Clostridium difficile-as-sociated diarrhea. J Infect Dis 1994; 169: 127–33.
  • Borriello SP. Pathogenesis of Clostridium difficile infection. J Antimicrob Chemother ;(suppl. C) 1998; 41: 13–9.
  • Gerding DN, Olson MM, Peterson LR, et al. Clostridium diffici/e-associated diarrhea and colitis in adults. Archives of Internal Medicine 1986; 146: 95–100.
  • Olson MM, Shanholtzer CJ, Jr Lee JT, Gerding DN. Ten years of prospective Clostridium diffici/e-associated disease surveillance and treatment at the Minneapolis VA Medical Center, 1982-1991. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1994; 15: 371–81.
  • McFarland LV. Giannella RA, editors. Gastroenterology Clinics of North America. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1993;Diarrhea acquired in the hospital. p. 563–577.
  • Mitchell DK, Van R, Mason EH, Norris DM, Pickering LK. Prospective study of toxigenic Clostridium difficile in children given amoxicillin/clavulanate for otitis media. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1996; 15: 514–9.
  • Salata RA, Gebhart RL, Palmer DL, et al. Pneumonia treated with imipenem/cilastatin. Am J Med 1985; 78: 104–9.
  • Berkeley AS, Freedman K, Hirsch J, Ledger WJ. Imipenem/ cilastatin in the treatment of obstetric and gynecologic infec-tions. Am J Med 1985; 78: 79–84.
  • James AH, Katz VL, Dotters DJ, Rogers RG. Clostridium difficile infection in obstetric and gynecologic patients. South Med J 1997; 90: 889–92.
  • McFarland LV, Bauwens JE, Melcher SA, Surawicz CM, Greenberg RN, Elmer GW. Ciprofloxacin-associated Clostridium difficile disease. The Lancet 1995; 346: 977–8.