Infections and SLE

References

• Petri M. Infection in systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 1998; 24: 423–456
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zandman-Goddard G, Shoenfeld Y. SLE and infections. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2003; 25: 29–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fessler BJ. Infectious diseases in systemic lupus erythematosus: Risk factors, management and prophylaxis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2002; 16: 281–291
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouza E, Moya JG, Munoz P. Infections in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2001; 15: 335–361
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gladman DD, Hussain F, Ibanez D, et al. The nature and outcome of infection in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2002; 11: 234–239
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noel V, Lortholary O, Casassus P, et al. Risk factors and prognostic influence of infection in a single cohort of 87 adults with systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 2001; 60: 1141–1144
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zonana-Nacach A, Camargo-Coronel A, Yanez P, et al. Infections in outpatients with systemic lupus erythematosus: A prospective study. Lupus 2001; 10: 505–510
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Z, Chen L, Tao R, et al. Clinical and bacteriologic study of eighty-six patients with systemic lupus erythematosus complicated by infections. Chin Med J (Engl) 1998; 111: 913–916
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kang I, Park SH. Infectious complications in SLE after immunosuppressive therapies. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2003; 15: 528–534
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouza E, Moya JG, Munoz P, et al. Mortality study in Puerto Ricans with systemic lupus erythematosus. P R Health Sci J 2000; 19: 335–339
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wongchinsri J, Tantawichien T, Osiri M, et al. Infection in Thai patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: A review of hospitalized patients. J Med Assoc Thai 2002; 85(Suppl. 1)S34–S39
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cervera R, Khamashta MA, Font J, et al. Morbidity and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus during a 5-year period. A multicenter prospective study of 1,000 patients. European Working Party on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Medicine (Baltimore) 1999; 78: 167–175
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cervera R, Khamashta MA, Font J, et al. Morbidity and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus during a 10-year period: A comparison of early and late manifestations in a cohort of 1,000 patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2003; 82: 299–308
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards CJ, Lian TY, Badsha H, Teh CL, Arden N, Chng HH. Hospitalization of individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus: Characteristics and predictors of outcome. Lupus 2003; 12: 672–676
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alarcon GS, McGwin G, Jr, Bastian HM, et al. Systemic lupus erythematosus in three ethnic groups. VII [correction of VIII]. Predictors of early mortality in the LUMINA cohort. LUMINA Study Group. Arthritis Rheum 2001; 45: 191–202
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellomio V, Spindler A, Lucero E, et al. Systemic lupus erythematosus: Mortality and survival in Argentina. A multicenter study. Lupus 2000; 9: 377–381
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobsen S, Petersen J, Ullman S, et al. Mortality and causes of death of 513 Danish patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Scand J Rheumatol 1999; 28: 75–80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Godeau B, Boudjadja A, Dhainaut JF, et al. Outcome of patients with systemic rheumatic disease admitted to medical intensive care units. Ann Rheum Dis 1992; 51: 627–631
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Whitelaw DA, Gopal R, Freeman V. Survival of patients with SLE admitted to an intensive care unit-a retrospective study. Clin Rheumatol 2005; 24: 223–227
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tsao CH, Chen CY, Ou LS, Huang JL. Risk factors of mortality for salmonella infection in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 2002; 29: 1214–1218
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lim E, Koh WH, Loh SF, Lam MS, Howe HS. Non-thyphoidal salmonellosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. A study of fifty patients and a review of the literature. Lupus 2001; 10: 87–92
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wu KC, Yao TC, Yeh KW, Huang JL. Osteomyelitis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 2004; 31: 1340–1343
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Joshua F, Riordan J, Sturgess A. Salmonella typhimurium mediastinal abscess in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus. 2003; 12: 710–713
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• El-Roiey A, Gross WL, Ludeman J, et al. Preferential secretion of common anti-DNA idiotype (16/6 Id) and anti-polynucleotide antibodies by mononuclear cells, following stimulation with Klebsiella pneumonia. Immunol Lett 1986; 12: 313–319
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• El-Roeiy A, Sela O, Isenberg D, et al. The sera of patients with Klebsiella infections contain a common anti-DNA idiotype (16/6 Id) and anti-polynucleotide activity. Clin Exp Immunol 1987; 67: 505–515
   Google Scholar
• George J, Shoenfeld Y. Infections, idiotypes and SLE. Lupus 1995; 4: 333–335
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yun JE, Lee SW, Kim TH, et al. The incidence and clinical characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection among systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis patients in Korea. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2002; 20: 127–132
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balakrishnan C, Mangat G, Mittal G, et al. Tuberculosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Assoc Physicians India 1998; 46: 682–683
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hernandez-Cruz B, Sifuentes-Osornio J, Ponce-de-Leon Rosales S, et al. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in patients with systemic rheumatic diseases. A case-series. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1999; 17: 289–296
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mok MY, Lo Y, Chan TM, Wong WS, Lau CS. Tuberculosis in systemic lupus erythematosus in an endemic area and the role of isoniazid prophylaxis during corticosteroid therapy. J Rheumatol 2005; 32: 609–615
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klote MM, Agodoa LY, Abbott K. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection incidence in hospitalized renal transplant patients in the United States, 1998–2000. Am J Transplant 2004; 4: 1523–1528
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gordon MM, Wilson HE, Duthie FR, et al. When typical is atypical: Mycobacterial infection mimicking cutaneous vasculitis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2002; 41: 685–690
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yang WK, Fu LS, Lan JL, Shen GH, Chou G, Tseng CF, Chi CS. Mycobacterium avium complex-associated hemophagocytic syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus patient: Report of one case. Lupus 2003; 12: 312–316
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sela O, el-Roeiy A, Isenberg D, et al. A common anti-DNA idiotype in sera of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. Arthritis Rheum 1987; 30: 50–56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tasneem S, Islam N, Ali R. Crossreactivity of SLE autoantibodies with 70 kDa heat shock proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Microbiol Immunol 2001; 45: 841–846
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seta N, Shimizu T, Nawata M, et al. A possible novel mechanism of opportunistic infection in systemic lupus erythematosus, based on a case of toxoplasmic encephalopathy. Rheumatology 2002; 41: 1072–1073
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lyngberg KK, Vennervald BJ, Bygbjerg IC, et al. Toxoplasma pericarditis mimicking systemic lupus erythematosus. Diagnostic and treatment difficulties in one patient. Ann Med 1992; 24: 337–340
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zamir D, Amar M, Groisman G, et al. Toxoplasma infection in systemic lupus erythematosus mimicking lupus cerebritis. Mayo Clin Proc 1999; 74: 575–578
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baykal Y, Saglam K, Caliskaner Z. Toxoplasma infection in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 1998; 25: 2038–2039
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hsu TC, Tsay GJ. Human parvovirus B19 infection in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2001; 40: 152–157
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barash J, Dushnitzky D, Sthoeger D, et al. Human parvovirus B19 infection in children: Uncommon clinical presentations. Isr Med Assoc J 2002; 4: 763–765
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diaz F, Collazos J, Mendoza F, et al. Systemic lupus erythematosus associated with acute parvovirus B19 infection. Clin Microbiol Infect 2002; 8: 115–117
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Trapani S, Ermini M, Falcini F. Human parvovirus B19 infection: Its relationship with systemic lupus erythematosus. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1999; 28: 319–325
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Seve P, Ferry T, Koenig M, Cathebras P, Rousset H, Broussolle C. Lupus-like presentation of parvovirus B19 infection. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2005; 34: 642–648
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Severin MC, Levy Y, Shoenfeld Y. Systemic lupus erythematosus and parvovirus B-19: Casual coincidence or causative culprit?. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2003; 25: 41–48
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Suzuki T, Saito S, Hirabayashi Y, et al. Human parvovirus B19 infection during the inactive stage of systemic lupus erythematosus. Intern Med 2003; 42: 538–540
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sekigawa I, Nawata M, Seta N, et al. Cytomegalovirus infection in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2002; 20: 559–564
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gharavi AE, Pierangeli SS, Espinola RG, et al. Antiphospholipid antibodies induced in mice by immunization with a cytomegalovirus-derived peptide cause thrombosis and activation of endothelial cells in vivo. Arthritis Rheum 2002; 46: 545–552
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Najjar M, Siddiqui AK, Rossoff L, Cohen RI. Cavitary lung masses in SLE patients: An unusual manifestation of CMV infection. Eur Respir J 2004; 24: 182–184
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shahnaz S, Choksi MT, Tan IJ. Bilateral cytomegalovirus retinitis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and end-stage renal disease. Mayo Clin Proc 2003; 78: 1412–1415
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zandman-Goddard G, Shoenfeld Y. HIV and autoimmunity. Autoimmunity Reviews 2002; 1: 329–337
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barthel HR, Wallace DJ. False positive human immunodeficiency testing in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1993; 23: 1–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pontesilli O, Kerkhof-Grade S, Notermans DW, et al. Functional T cell reconstitution and human immunodeficiency virus-1-specific cell-mediated immunity during highly active anti-retroviral therapy. J Infect Dis 1999; 180: 76–86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erdal D, Lipsky PE, Berggren RE. Emergence of systemic lupus erythematosus after initiation of highly active anti-retroviral therapy for human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Rheumatol 2000; 27: 2711–2714
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Palacios R, Santos J, Valdivielso P, et al. Human immunodeficiency virus infection and systemic lupus erythematosus. An unusual case and a review of the literature. Lupus 2002; 1: 60–63
   Google Scholar
• Fox RA, Isenberg DA. Human immunodeficiency virus infection in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 1997; 40: 1168–1172
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Diri E, Lipsky PE, Berggren RE. Emergence of systemic lupus erythematosus after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy for human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Rheumatol 2000; 27: 2711–2714
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calza L, Manfredi R, Colangeli V, D'Antuono A, Passarini B, Chiodo F. Systemic and discoid lupus erythematosus in HIV-infected patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy. Int J STD AIDS 2003; 14: 356–359
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez CM, Lopez-Longo FJ, Samson J, et al. Antiribonucleoprotein antibodies in children with lupus erythematosus. AIDS Patient Care STDS 1998; 12: 21–28
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adelman MK, Marchalonis JJ. Endogenous retroviruses in systemic lupus erythematosus: Candidate lupus viruses. Clin Immunol 2002; 102: 107–116
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garred P, Voss A, Madsen HO, et al. Association of mannose-binding lectin gene variation with disease severity and infections in a population-based cohort of systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Genes Immun 2001; 2: 442–450
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takahashi R, Tsutsumi A, Ohtani K, et al. Association of mannose binding lectin (MBL) gene polymorphism and serum MBL concentration with characteristics and progression of systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 2005; 64: 311–314
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holers VM. Complement deficiency states, disease susceptibility, and infection risk in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 1999; 42: 2023–2025
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Amadei N, Baracho GV, Nudelman V, et al. Inherited complete factor I deficiency associated with systemic lupus erythematosus, higher susceptibility to infection and low levels of factor H. Scand J Immunol 2001; 53: 615–621
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Forton AC, Petri MA, Goldman D, Sullivan KE. An osteopontin (SPP1) polymorphism is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. Hum Mutat 2002; 19: 459
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Suh CH, Jeong YS, Park HC, et al. Risk factors for infection and role of C-reactive protein in Korean patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2001; 19: 191–194
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roy S, Tan KT. Pyrexia and normal C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: Always consider the possibility of infection in febrile patients with systemic lupus erythematosus regardless of CRP levels. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2001; 40: 349–350
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Williams RC, Jr, Harmon ME, Burlingame R, Du Clos TW. Studies of serum C-reactive protein in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 2005; 32: 454–461
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hellmich B, Csernok E, de Haas M, et al. Low Fcgamma receptor III and high granulocyte colony-stimulating factor serum levels correlate with the risk of infection in neutropenia due to Felty's syndrome or systemic lupus erythematosus. Am J Med 2002; 113: 134–139
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Egerer K, Feist E, Rohr U, et al. Increased serum soluble CD14, ICAM-1 and E-selectin correlate with disease activity and prognosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2000; 9: 614–621
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Putterman C, Limpanasithikul W, Edelman M, Diamond B. The double edged sword of the immune response: Mutational analysis of a murine anti-pneumococcal, anti-DNA antibody. J Clin Investig 1996; 97: 2251–2259
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kowal C, Weinstein A, Diamond B. Molecular mimicry between bacterial and self antigen in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. Eur J Immunol 1999; 29: 1901–1911
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hemmerich P, Neu E, Macht M, Peter HH, Krawinkel U, von Mikecz A. Correlation between chlamydial infection and autoimmune response: Molecular mimicry between RNA polymerase major sigma subunit from Chlamydia trachomatis and human L7. Eur J Immunol 1998; 28: 3857–3866
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pyun EH, Pisetsky DS, Gilkeson GS. The fine specificity of monoclonal anti-DNA antibodies induced in normal mice by immunization with bacterial DNA. J Autoimmun 1993; 6: 11–26
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shoenfeld Y, Vilner Y, Coates AR, et al. Monoclonal anti-tuberculosis antibodies react with DNA, and monoclonal anti-DNA autoantibodies react with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Clin Exp Immunol 1986; 66: 255–261
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arbuckle MR, McClain MT, Rubertone MV, et al. Development of autoantibodies before the clinical onset of systemic lupus erythematosus. N Engl J Med 2003; 349: 1526–1533
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClain MT, Heinlen LD, Dennis GJ, Roebuck J, Harley JB, James JA. Early events in lupus humoral autoimmunity suggest initiation through molecular mimicry. Nat Med 2005; 11: 85–89
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClain MT, Harley JB, James JA. The role of Epstein-Barr virus in systemic lupus erythematosus. Front Biosci 2001; 6: E137–E147
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kaufman KM, Kirby MY, Harley JB, James JA. Peptide mimics of a major lupus epitope of SmB/B’. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2003; 987: 215–229
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sundar K, Jacques S, Gottlieb P, et al. Expression of the Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA-1) in the mouse can elicit the production of anti-dsDNA and anti-Sm antibodies. J Autoimmun 2004; 23: 127–140
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Huggins ML, Todd I, Powell RJ. Reactivation of Epstein-Barr virus in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatol Int 2005; 25: 183–187
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang I, Quan T, Nolasco H, et al. Defective control of latent Epstein-Barr virus infection in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Immunol 2004; 172: 1287–1294
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pender MP. Infection of autoreactive B lymphocytes with EBV, causing chronic autoimmune diseases. Trends Immunol 2003; 24: 584–588
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gross AJ, Hochberg D, Rand WM, Thorley-Lawson DA. EBV and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A New Perspective. J Immunol 2005; 174: 6599–6607
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parks CG, Cooper GS, Hudson LL, et al. Association of Epstein-Barr virus with systemic lupus erythematosus: Effect modification by race, age, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 genotype. Arthritis Rheum 2005; 52: 1148–1159
   PubMedGoogle Scholar