Evaluation of Serum Biomarkers in Nutritional Disorders: Glycated Apolipoprotein B, Fasting Serum Glucose, Fructosamine, Stable and Labile Glycated Hemoglobin in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Subjects

REFERENCES

• G.E. Means, and M.K. Chang. 1982. Nonenzymatic glycosylation of proteins, structure and function changes. Diabetes (31):1–4.
   Google Scholar
• H. Vlassara. 1997. Recent progress in advanced glycation end products and diabetic complication. Diabetes (46):S19–S24.
   Google Scholar
• X. Wang, R. Bucala, and R. Milne. Epitopes close to the apolipoprotein B low density lipoprotein receptor-binding site are modified by advanced glycation end products. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1998 95 (13):7643–7647.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• H. Vlassara, R. Bucala, and L. Striker. 1994. Pathogenic effects of advanced glycosylation: biochemical, biologic, and clinical implications for diabetes and aging. Lab. Invest. 70 (2):138–151.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• M.P. Vitek, K. Bhattacharva, J.M. Glendening, E. Stopa, H. Vlassara, R. Bucala, K. Manogue, and A. Cerami. 1994. Advanced glycation end products contribute to amyloidosis in Alzheimer disease. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 91 (11):766–770.
   Google Scholar
• J.W Eaton, and R.T. Dean. Diabetes and atherosclerosis. In: RT Dean and DT Kelly editors. Atherosclerosis- gene expression, cell interactions, and oxidation. 1st ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Inc., 2000, p. 24–45.
   Google Scholar
• O. Chappey, C. Dosquet, M.P. Wautier, and J.L. Wautier. 1997. Advanced glycation end products, oxidant stress and vascular lesions. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. (27):97–108.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• A.M. Schmidt, O. Hori, J. Brett, S.D. Yan, J.L. Wautier, and D. Stern. 1994. Cellular receptors for advanced glycation end products- implications for induction of oxidant stress and cellular dysfunction in the pathogenesis of vascular lesions. Arterioscler. Thromb. (14):1521–1528.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• I.J. Perry, S.G. Wannamethee, P.H. Whincup, and A.G. Shaper. 1994. Asymptomatic hyperglycemia and major ischemic heart disease events in Britain. J. Epidemiol. Commun. Health (48):538–542.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• D. Aronson, and M.T. Johnston. Coronary artery disease in diabetes. In MT Johnstone, and A. Veves. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Human Press, Totowa, NJ-USA, 2001, pp. 247–279.
   Google Scholar
• G. Misciagna, G. De Michele, and M. Trevisan. 2007. Non enzymatic glycated proteins in the blood and cardiovascular disease. Curr. Pharma.Des. (13):3688–3695.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• C. La Vecchia, E. Negri, A. Recarli, and S. Franceschi. 1997. diabetes mellitus and colorectal cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev. (6):1007–1010.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• J.C. Will, D.A. Galuska, F. Vinicor, and E.E. Calle. 1998. Colorectal cancer: another complication of diabetes mellitus?. Am. J. Epidemiol. (147):816–825.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• G. Misciagna, G. De Michele, V. Guerra, A.M. Cisternino, A. Di Leo, and J.L. Freudenheim. 2004. Interosp Group. Serum fructosamine and colorectal adenomas. Eur. J. Epidemiol. (19):425–432.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• S.C. Larsson, L. Bergkvist, and A. Wolk. 2006. Consumption of sugar and sugar-sweetened foods and risk of pancreatic cancer in a prospective study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 84 (5):1171–1176.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• M. Platek, V. Krogh, A. Micheli, R. Browne, E. Meneghini, S. Sieri, H.J. Schunemann, V. Pala, M. Barba, G.E. Wilding, F. Berrino, and P. Muti. 2005. Serum fructosamine and subsequent breast cancer risk: A nested case-control study in the ORDET prospective cohort study. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 14 (1):271–274.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• D.B. Sacks, D.E. Bruns, D.E. Goldstein, N.K. Maclaren, J.M. McDonald, and M. Parrott. 2002. Guidelines and recommendations for laboratory analysis in the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus. Clin. Chem. (25):436–472.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• K. Liu, J. Stamler, and R. Stamler. 1982. Methodological problems in characterizing an individual's plasma glucose level. J. Chron. Dis. (35):475–485.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• J.L. Timothy. 1992. Lipoprotein glycation and its metabolic consequence. Diabetes (41):67–73.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• H Narbonne, E Renacco, V Pradel, H Portugal, and B. Vialettes. Could fructosamine be a surrogate for HbA1c in evaluating the achievement of therapeutic goals in diabetes?. Diab.Met. (Paris), 2001 27:598–603.
   Google Scholar
• G. Misciagna, G. De Michele, A.M. Costernino, V. Guerra, G. Logroscino, and J.L. Freudenheim. 2005. Dietary carbohydrates and proteins in the blood in non diabetics subjects. J. Am.Coll. Nutr. (24):22–29.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• H.F. Bunn, D.N. Haney, S. Kamin, K.H. Gabbay, and P.M. Gallop. 1976. The biosynthesis of human hemoglobin A1c. J. Clin. Inv. (57):1652–1659.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• R.N. Johnson, P.A. Metcalf, and J.R. Baker. 1982. Fructosamine: a new approach to the estimation of serum control of serum glycosylprotein. An index of diabetic control. Clin. Chim. Acta (127):87–95.
   Google Scholar
• G.D. Braatvedt, P. Drury, and T. Cundy. 1997. Assessing glycaemic control in diabetes: Relationship between fructosamine and HbA1c. N. Z. Med. J. (110):460–462.
   Google Scholar
• J. Day, C.G. Ingebretsen, W.R. Ingebretsen, J.W. Baynes, and S.R. Thorpe. 1980. Non-enzymatic glucosylation of serum proteins and hemoglobin: Response to changes in blood glucose levels in diabetic rats. Diabetes (29):524–527.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• G. Misciagna, G. De Michele, G. Logroscino, A.M. Cisternino, V. Guerra, and J.L. Freudenheim. 2004. Fructosamine, glycated hemoglobin, and dietary carbohydrates. Clin. Chim. Acta (340):139–147.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• A.J.C. Stahl, A. Rima, J.F. Blickle, and J.M. Brogard. 1998. Short-term variations of serum glycated apolipoprotein B. Diab. Metab. (24):151–155.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• P.A. Svendsen, J.S. Christiansen, B. Welinder, and J. Nerup. 1979. Fast glycosylation of hemoglobin. Lancet (i):603.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• G. Misciagna, G. Logroscino, G. De Michele, V. Guerra, A.M. Cisternino, M.G. Caruso, and M. Trevisan. 2007. Glycated apolipoprotein B and myocardial infraction. Nutr. Metab. Card. Dis. (17):6–12.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• M.P. Cohen, G. Lautenslager, and E. Shea. 1993. Glycated LDL concentrations in non-diabetic and diabetic subjects measured with monoclonal antibodies reactive with glycated apolipoprotein B epitopes. Eur. J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem. 31 (11):707–713.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• P.J. Higgins, and H.F. Bunn. 1981. Kinetic analysis of the nonenzymatic glycosylation of hemoglobin. J. Biol. Chem. 256 (10):5205–5208.
   Google Scholar
• R. Flückiger, T. Woodtli, and W. Berger. 1987. Evaluation of the fructosamine test for the measurement of glycated plasma protein. Diabetologia (30):648–652.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• E. Schleicher, T. Deufel, and O.H. Wieland. 1981. Non-enzymatic glycosylation of human serum lipoproteins. Elevated ε-lysine glycosylated low density lipoprotein in diabetics patients. FEBS Lett. 129 (1):1–4.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• H.J. Kim, and I.V. Kurup. 1982. Nonenzymatic glycosylation of human plasma low density lipoproteins: Evidence for in vitro and in vivo glycosylation. Metabolism (31):348–353.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• J.L. Witztum, E.M. Mahoney, M.J. Branks, M. Fisher, R. Elam, and D. Steinberg. 1982. Nonenzymatic glucosylation of low-density lipoprotein alters its biologic activity. Diabetes (31):283–291.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• J.E. Triau, J. Arbetter, and E.J. Schaefer. 1986. Impaired hepatocyte binding, uptake and degradation of glucosylated low-density lipoproteins. Biochem. Biophys. Acta (877):359–365.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• A. Krämer-Guth, T. Quaschning, J. Galle, M.W. Baumstark, M. Königer, M. Nauck, P. Schollmeyer, W. März, and C. Wanner. 1997. Structural and compositional modifications of diabetic low-density lipoproteins influence their receptor-mediated uptake by hepatocytes. E. J. Clin. Invest. (24):460–468.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• J. Sasaki, T. Okamura, and G.L. Cottam. 1983. Measurement of receptor-independent metabolism of low-density lipoprotein: An application of glycosylated low-density lipoprotein. Eur. J. Biochem. (131):535–538.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• M.S. Brown, and J.L. Goldstein. 1975. Familiar hypercholesterolemia: genetic, biochemical and pathophysiologic consideration. Adv. Intern. Med. (20):273–296.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• M.F. Lops-Virella, R.K. Klein, T.J. Lyons, and H.C. Stevenson. 1988. Glycosylation of low-density lipoprotein enhances cholesterol ester synthesis in human monocyte-derived macrophages. Diabetes (37):550–557.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• T.J. Lyons, and A.J. Jenkins. 1997. Glycation, oxidation, and lipoxidation in the development of the complication of diabetes: A carbonyl stress hypothesis. Diab. Rev. 5 (4):365–391.
   Google Scholar
• K. Feingold, C. Grunfeld, M. Pang, W. Doerrler, and R. Krauss. 1992. LDL subclass phenotypes and triglyceride metabolism in non-insulin dependent diabetes. Arterioscler. Thromb. (12):1946–1952.
   Google Scholar
• H. Matsui, K. Okumura, Y. Toki, and T. Hayakawa. 1999. Low-density lipoprotein particle size as an independent predictor of glycated low-density lipoprotein level. Diab.Care 33 (7):1220–1221.
   Google Scholar
• P. Gillery, G. Hue, M. Bordas-Fonfrède, J.P. Chapelle, P. Druin, C. Lévy-Marchal, C. Périer, J.L. Sélam, G. Slama, C. Thivolet, and B. Vialettes. 2000. Hemoglobin A1C determination and hemoglobinopathies: problems and strategies. Ann. Biol. Clin. (Paris) 58 (4):425–429.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Y. Jiao, T. Okumiya, T. Saibara, K. Park, and M. Sasaki. 1998. Abnormally decreased HbA1c can be assessed with erythrocyte creatine in patients with shortened erythrocyte age. Diab. Care (21):1732–1735.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• T. Lahousen, K. Hegenbarth, R. Ille, R.W. Lipp, R. Krause, R.R. Little, and W.J. Schnedl. 2004. Determination of glycated hemoglobin in patients with advanced liver disease. World J. Gastroenterol. 10 (15):2284–2286.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• A. Ansari, S. Thomas, and D. Goldsmith. 2003. Assessing glycemic control inpatients with diabetes and end-stage renal failure. Am. J. Kidney Dis. (41):523–531.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• K. Chujo, K. Shima, H. Tada, T. Oohashi, J. Minakuchi, and S. Kawashima. 2006. Indicators for blood glucose control in diabetics with end stage chronic renal disease: GHb vs. glycated albumin (GA). J. Med. Invest. (53):223–228.
   Google Scholar
• C. Costantini, J.M. Simo, J. Joven, and J. Campus. 1992. Serum fructosamine concentration in patients with nephrotic syndrome and with cirrhosis of the liver: The influence of hypoalbuminaemia and hypergammaglobulinaemia. Ann. Clin. Biochem. 29 (Pt 4):437–442.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• L.K. Curtiss, and J.L. Witztum. 1983. A novel method of generating region-specific monoclonal antibodies to modified proteins: Application to the identification of human glucosylated low density lipoproteins. J. Clin. Invest. (72):1427–1438.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• M.F. Lopes-Virella, R.L. Klein, and G. Virella. 1996. Modification of lipoproteins in diabetes. Diab.Metab. Rev. 12 (1):69–90.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar