The potential use of toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists and antagonists as prophylactic and/or therapeutic agents

References

• Kanzler H., Barrat F. J., Hessel E. M., Coffman R.L. Therapeutic targeting of innate immunity with Toll-like receptor agonists and antagonists. Nat. Med. 2007, 13(5):552–559.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romagne F. Current and future drugs targeting one class of innate immunity receptors: The toll-like receptors. Drug Discov. Today. 2007, 12(1–2):80–87.
   Google Scholar
• Rezaei N. Therapeutic targeting of pattern-recognition receptors. Int. Immunopharmacol. 2006, 6(6):863–869.
   Google Scholar
• Pandey S., Agrawal D. K. Immunobiology of toll-like receptors: Emerging trends. Immunol. Cell Biol. 2006, 84(4):333–341.
   Google Scholar
• Gearing A. J. Targeting toll-like receptors for drug development: A summary of commercial approaches. Immunol. Cell Biol. 2007, 85(6):490–494.
   Google Scholar
• Miyake K. Innate immune sensing of pathogens and danger signals by cell surface toll-like receptors. Semin. Immunol. 2007, 19(1):3–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen K., Huang J., Gong W., Iribarren P., Dunlop N. M., Wang J. M. Toll-like receptors in inflammation, infection and cancer. Int. Immunopharmacol. 2007, 7(10):1271–1285.
   Google Scholar
• Mata-Haro V., Cekic C., Martin M., Chilton P. M., Casella C. R., Mitchell T. C. The vaccine adjuvant monophosphoryl lipid A as a TRIF-biased agonist of TLR4. Science 2007, 316(5831):1628–1632.
   Google Scholar
• Wang R. F., Miyahara Y., Wang H. Y. Toll-like receptors and immune regulation: implications for cancer therapy. Oncogene. 2008, 27(2):181–189.
   Google Scholar
• Kagan J. C., Su T., Horng T., Chow A., Akira S., Medzhitov R. TRAM couples endocytosis of toll-like receptor 4 to the induction of interferon-beta. Nat. Immunol. 2008, 9(4):361–368.
   Google Scholar
• Ismaili J., Rennesson J., Aksoy E., Vekemans J., Vincart B., Amraoui Z., Van Laethem F., Goldman M., Dubois P. M. Monophosphoryl lipid A activates both human dendritic cells and T cells. J. Immunol. 2002, 168(2):926–932.
   Google Scholar
• Barr T. A., Brown S., Ryan G., Zhao J., Gray D. TLR-mediated stimulation of APC: Distinct cytokine responses of B cells and dendritic cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 2007, 37(11):3040–3053.
   Google Scholar
• Baldridge J. R., Crane R. T. Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) formulations for the next generation of vaccines. Methods: A Companion to Methods in Enzymol. 1999, 19(1):103–107.
   Google Scholar
• Martin M., Michalek S. M., Katz J. Role of innate immune factors in the adjuvant activity of monophosphoryl lipid A. Infect. Immun. 2003, 71(5):2498–2507.
   Google Scholar
• Krieg A. M. Development of TLR9 agonists for cancer therapy. J. Clin. Invest. 2007, 117(5):1184–1194.
   Google Scholar
• Tse K., Horner A. A. Update on toll-like receptor-directed therapies for human disease. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 2007, 66 (Suppl 3): 77–80.
   Google Scholar
• Munoz N., Bosch F. X., Castellsague X., Diaz M., de Sanjose S., Hammouda D., Shah K. V., Meijer C. J. Against which human papillomavirus types shall we vaccinate and screen? The international perspective. Int. J. Cancer. 2004, 111(2):278–285.
   Google Scholar
• Gupta K., Cooper C. A review of the role of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides as toll-like receptor 9 agonists in prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine development in infectious diseases. Drugs R.D. 2008, 9(3):137–145.
   Google Scholar
• Coley W. B. The treatment of malignant tumors by repeated inoculations of erysipelas:with a report of ten original cases. Am. J. Med. Sci. 1893, 105:487–511.
   Google Scholar
• Andreani V., Gatti G., Simonella L., Rivero V., Maccioni M. Activation of toll-like receptor 4 on tumor cells in vitro inhibits subsequent tumor growth in vivo. Cancer Res. 2007, 67(21):10519–10527.
   Google Scholar
• Paulos C. M., Kaiser A., Wrzesinski C., Hinrichs C. S., Cassard L., Boni A., Muranski P., Sanchez-Peres L., Palmer D. C., Yu Z., Anthony P. A., Gattinoni L., Rosenberg S. A., Restifo N. P. Toll-like receptors in tumor immunotherapy. Clin.Cancer Res. 2007, 13(18 Pt 1):5280–5289.
   Google Scholar
• Huang B., Zhao J., Unkeless J. C., Feng Z. H., Xiong H. TLR signaling by tumor and immune cells: A double-edged sword. Oncogene. 2008, 27(2):218–224.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smyth M. J., Swann J., Hayakawa Y. Innate tumor immune surveillance. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 2007, 590:103–111.
   Google Scholar
• Ghosh T. K., Mickelson D. J., Lipson K. E., Alkan S. S. Inhibition of in vitro tumor cell proliferation by cytokines induced by combinations of TLR or TLR and TCR agonists. Int. Immunopharmacol. 2007, 7(11):1471–1482.
   Google Scholar
• Rabinovich G. A., Gabrilovich D., Sotomayor E. M. Immunosuppressive strategies that are mediated by tumor cells. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 2007, 25:267–296.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schon M. P., Schon M. TLR7 and TLR8 as targets in cancer therapy. Oncogene. 2008, 27(2):190–199.
   Google Scholar
• Dudek A. Z., Yunis C., Harrison L. I., Kumar S., Hawkinson R., Cooley S., Vasilakos J. P., Gorski K. S., Miller J. S. First in human phase I trial of 852A, a novel systemic toll-like receptor 7 agonist, to activate innate immune responses in patients with advanced cancer. Clin.Cancer Res. 2007, 13(23):7119–7125.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen R., Alvero A. B., Silasi D. A., Steffensen K. D., Mor G. Cancers take their toll—The function and regulation of toll-like receptors in cancer cells. Oncogene. 2008, 27(2):225–233.
   Google Scholar
• Meyer T., Stockfleth E. Clinical investigations of toll-like receptor agonists. Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs. 2008, 17(7):1051–1065.
   Google Scholar
• Rossignol D. P., Wasan K. M., Choo E., Yau E., Wong N., Rose J., Moran J., Lynn M. Safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and plasma lipoprotein distribution of eritoran (E5564) during continuous intravenous infusion into healthy volunteers. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2004, 48(9):3233–3240.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawamoto T., Ii M., Kitazaki T., Iizawa Y., Kimura H. TAK-242 selectively suppresses toll-like receptor 4-signaling mediated by the intracellular domain. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 2008, 584(1):40–48.
   Google Scholar
• Andreakos E., Foxwell B., Feldmann M. Is targeting Toll-like receptors and their signaling pathway a useful therapeutic approach to modulating cytokine-driven inflammation? Immunol. Rev. 2004, 202:250–265.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillet M., Conrad C., Geiges M. Psoriasis triggered by toll-like receptor agonist imiquimod in the presence of dermal plasmatoid dendritic cell precursors. Arch.Dermatol. 2004, 140:1490–1495
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Abdelnoor A. M. Antigen processing/presenting & oncogenesis. Crit. Rev. Oncog. 1997, 8 (4): 381–393.
   Google Scholar
• Abdelnoor A. M. Plasmid DNA vaccines, Curr. Drug Targets Immune.Endocr. Metabol. Disord. 2001, 1(1):79–92.
   Google Scholar