Disease Control in Patients with Asthma is Associated with Alexithymia but not with Depression or Anxiety

REFERENCES

• Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) . 2012 . Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention , Vancouver , BC : Global Initiative for Asthma .
   Google Scholar
• Demoly , P , Paggiaro , P Plaza , V . 2009 . Prevalence of asthma control among adults in France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK . Eur Respir Rev , 18 : 105 – 112 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Partridge , M R , van der Molen , T , Myrseth , S E and Busse , W W . 2006 . Attitudes and actions of asthma patients on regular maintenance therapy: the INSPIRE study . BMC Pulm Med , 6 : 13
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Di Marco , F , Santus , P and Centanni , S . 2011 . Anxiety and depression in asthma . Curr Opin Pulm Med , 17 : 39 – 44 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas , M , Bruton , A , Moffat , M and Cleland , J . 2011 . Asthma and psychological dysfunction . Prim Care Respir J , 20 : 250 – 256 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ahmedani , B K , Peterson , E L , Wells , K E and Williams , L K . 2013 . Examining the relationship between depression and asthma exacerbations in a prospective follow-up study . Psychosom Med , 75 : 305 – 310 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Powell , H , McCaffery , K Murphy , V E . 2013 . Psychosocial variables are related to future exacerbation risk and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with asthma . J Asthma , 50 : 383 – 389 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krauskopf , K A , Sofianou , A Goel , M S . 2013 . Depressive symptoms, low adherence, and poor asthma outcomes in the elderly . J Asthma , 50 : 260 – 266 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu , Y , Mak , K K , van Bever , H P , Ng , T P , Mak , A and Ho , R C . 2012 . Prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms in adolescents with asthma: a meta-analysis and meta-regression . Pediatr Allergy Immunol , 23 : 707 – 715 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Labor , S , Labor , M , Juric , I and Vuksic , Z . 2012 . The prevalence and pulmonary consequences of anxiety and depressive disorders in patients with asthma . Coll Antropol , 36 : 473 – 481 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park , J , Kim , T B , Joo , H , Lee , J S , Lee , S D and Oh , Y M . 2013 . Diseases concomitant with asthma in middle-aged and elderly subjects in Korea: a population-based study . Allergy Asthma Immunol Res , 5 : 16 – 25 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chung , M C and Wall , N . 2012 . Alexithymia and posttraumatic stress disorder following asthma attack . Psychiatr Q , 84 : 287 – 302 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavoie , K L , Joseph , M Favreau , H . 2013 . Prevalence of psychiatric disorders among patients investigated for occupational asthma: an overlooked differential diagnosis? . Am J Respir Crit Care Med , 87 : 926 – 932 .
   Google Scholar
• Goodwin , R D , Robinson , M Sly , P D . 2012 . Severity and persistence of asthma and mental health: a birth cohort study . Psychol Med , : 1 – 10 .
   Google Scholar
• Taylor , G J , Bagby , R M and Parker , J DA . 1997 . Disorders of affect regulation: alexithymia in medical and psychiatric illness , Cambridge , New York : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Baiardini , I , Abba , S , Ballauri , M , Vuillermoz , G and Braido , F . 2011 . Alexithymia and chronic diseases: the state of the art . G Ital Med Lav Ergon , 33 ( suppl ) : A47 – 52 .
   Google Scholar
• Lumley , M A , Neely , L C and Burger , A J . 2007 . The assessment of alexithymia in medical settings: implications for understanding and treating health problems . J Pers Assess , 89 : 230 – 246 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chugg , K , Barton , C , Antic , R and Crockett , A . 2009 . The impact of alexithymia on asthma patient management and communication with health care providers: a pilot study . J Asthma , 46 : 126 – 129 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feldman , J M , Lehrer , P M and Hochron , S M . 2002 . The predictive value of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale among patients with asthma . J Psychosom Res , 53 : 1049 – 1052 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinez-Rivera , C , Vennera Mdel , C , Canete , C , Bardagi , S and Picado , C . 2011 . Psychological profile of patients with bronchial asthma and functional dyspnea: a comparison with a non-asthmatic population and impact on the disease . Arch Bronconeumol , 47 : 73 – 78 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baiardini , I , Braido , F Ferraioli , G . 2011 . Pitfalls in respiratory allergy management: alexithymia and its impact on patient-reported outcomes . J Asthma , 48 : 25 – 32 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Axelsson , M , Emilsson , M , Brink , E , Lundgren , J , Toren , K and Lotvall , J . 2009 . Personality, adherence, asthma control and health-related quality of life in young adult asthmatics . Respir Med , 103 : 1033 – 1040 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serrano , J , Plaza , V Sureda , B . 2006 . Alexithymia: a relevant psychological variable in near-fatal asthma . Eur Respir J , 28 : 296 – 302 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vazquez , I , Sandez , E , Gonzalez-Freire , B , Romero-Frais , E , Blanco-Aparicio , M and Verea-Hernando , H . 2010 . The role of alexithymia in quality of life and health care use in asthma . J Asthma , 47 : 797 – 804 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown , E L , Fukuhara , J T and Feiguine , R J . 1981 . Alexithymic asthmatics: the miscommunication of affective and somatic states . Psychother Psychosom , 36 : 116 – 121 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker , J D , Taylor , G J and Bagby , R M . 1998 . Alexithymia: relationship with ego defense and coping styles . Compr Psychiatry , 39 : 91 – 98 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Velasco , C , Fernandez , I , Paez , D and Campos , M . 2006 . Perceived emotional intelligence, alexithymia, coping and emotional regulation . Psicothema , 18 ( suppl ) : 89 – 94 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Adams , R J , Smith , B J and Ruffin , R E . 2000 . Factors associated with hospital admissions and repeat emergency department visits for adults with asthma . Thorax , 55 : 566 – 573 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez-Freire , B , Vazquez-Rodriguez , I , Marcos-Velazquez , P and de la Cuesta , C G . 2010 . Repression and coping styles in asthmatic patients . J Clin Psychol Med Settings , 17 : 220 – 229 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hesselink , A E , Penninx , B W Schlosser , M A . 2004 . The role of coping resources and coping style in quality of life of patients with asthma or COPD . Qual Life Res , 13 : 509 – 518 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adams , R J , Wilson , D , Smith , B J and Ruffin , R E . 2004 . Impact of coping and socioeconomic factors on quality of life in adults with asthma . Respirology , 9 : 87 – 95 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooke , L , Myers , L and Derakshan , N . 2003 . Lung function, adherence and denial in asthma patients who exhibit a repressive coping style . Psychol Health Med , 8 : 35 – 44 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nazarian , D , Smyth , J M and Sliwinski , M J . 2006 . A naturalistic study of ambulatory asthma severity and reported avoidant coping styles . Chronic Illn , 2 : 51 – 58 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Spielberger , C D , Gorsuch , R L and Lushene , R E . 1970 . The State–Trait Anxiety Inventory: Test Manual , Palo Alto , CA : Consulting Psychologist Press .
   Google Scholar
• Tukey , JW. 1977 . Exploratory Data Analysis , MA : Addison-Wesley Publishing . Reading
   Google Scholar
• Spielberger , C D , Gorsuch , R L , Lushene , R E , Vagg , P R and Jacobs , G A . 1983 . Manual for the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory: STAI (Form Y) , Palo Alto , CA : Consulting Psychologist Press .
   Google Scholar
• Balsamo , M , Romanelli , R , Innamorati , M , Ciccarese , G , Carlucci , L and Saggino , A . 2013 . The State–Trait Anxiety Inventory: shadows and lights on its construct validity . J Psychopathol Behav Assess , DOI 10.1007/s10862-013-9354-5
   Google Scholar
• Spielberger , C D , Reheiser , E C , Ritterband , L M , Sydeman , S J and Unger , K K . 1995 . “ Assessment of emotional states and personality traits: measuring psychological vital signs, In: Butcher JN, ed ” . In Clinical Personality Assessment: Practical Approaches , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Okun , A , Stein , R E , Bauman , L J and Silver , E J . 1996 . Content validity of the Psychiatric Symptom Index, CES-Depression Scale, and State–Trait Anxiety Inventory from the perspective of DSM-IV . Psychol Rep , 79 : 1059 – 1069 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck , A T , Ward , C H , Mendelson , M , Mock , J and Erbaugh , J . 1961 . An inventory for measuring depression . Arch Gen Psychiatry , 4 : 561 – 571 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck , A T . 1988 . Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: twenty-five years of evaluation . Clin Psychol Rev , 8 : 77 – 100 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richter , P , Werner , J , Heerlein , A , Kraus , A and Sauer , H . 1998 . On the validity of the Beck Depression Inventory: a review . Psychopathology , 31 : 160 – 168 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bagby , R M , Parker , J D and Taylor , G J . 1994 . The twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale—I: item selection and cross-validation of the factor structure . J Psychosom Res , 38 : 23 – 32 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kooiman , C G , Spinhoven , P and Trijsburg , R W . 2002 . The assessment of alexithymia: a critical review of the literature and a psychometric study of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale–20 . J Psychosom Res , 53 : 1083 – 1090 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thorberg , F A , Young , R M Sullivan , K A . 2010 . A confirmatory factor analysis of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) in an alcohol-dependent sample . Psychiatry Res , 178 : 565 – 567 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor , G J , Bagby , R M and Parker , J D . 1992 . The Revised Toronto Alexithymia Scale: some reliability, validity, and normative data . Psychother Psychosom , 57 : 34 – 41 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bagby , R M , Taylor , G J and Parker , J D . 1994 . The Twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale—II: convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity . J Psychosom Res , 38 : 33 – 40 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor , G J , Bagby , R M and Parker , J D . 2003 . The 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale—IV: reliability and factorial validity in different languages and cultures . J Psychosom Res , 55 : 277 – 283 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker , J D , Shaughnessy , P A , Wood , L M , Majeski , S A and Eastabrook , J M . 2005 . Cross-cultural alexithymia: validity of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale in North American aboriginal populations . J Psychosom Res , 58 : 83 – 88 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carver , C S , Scheier , M F and Weintraub , J K . 1989 . Assessing coping strategies: a theoretically based approach . J Pers Soc Psychol , 56 : 267 – 283 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litman , J A . 2006 . The COPE inventory: Dimensionality and relationships with approach- and avoidance-motives and positive and negative traits . Pers Individ Dif , 41 : 273 – 284 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nathan , R A , Sorkness , C A Kosinski , M . 2004 . Development of the asthma control test: a survey for assessing asthma control . J Allergy Clin Immunol , 113 : 59 – 65 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dweik , R A , Boggs , P B Erzurum , S C . 2011 . An official ATS clinical practice guideline: interpretation of exhaled nitric oxide levels (FENO) for clinical applications . Am J Respir Crit Care Med , 184 : 602 – 615 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu , Y , Feng , L , Lim , L and Ng , T P . 2013 . Asthma, life events and psychiatric disorders: a population-based study . Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol , 48 : 1273 – 1282 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mendes , F A , Lunardi , A Silva , R A . 2013 . Association between maximal aerobic capacity and psychosocial factors in adults with moderate-to-severe asthma . J Asthma , 50 : 595 – 599 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldney , R D , Ruffin , R , Fisher , L J and Wilson , D H . 2003 . Asthma symptoms associated with depression and lower quality of life: a population survey . Med J Aust , 178 : 437 – 441 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavoie , K L , Bacon , S L , Barone , S , Cartier , A , Ditto , B and Labrecque , M . 2006 . What is worse for asthma control and quality of life: depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, or both? . Chest , 130 : 1039 – 1047 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rimington , L D , Davies , D H , Lowe , D and Pearson , M G . 2001 . Relationship between anxiety, depression, and morbidity in adult asthma patients . Thorax , 56 : 266 – 271 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshall , G D Jr. and Agarwal , S K . 2000 . Stress, immune regulation, and immunity: applications for asthma . Allergy Asthma Proc , 21 : 241 – 246 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Put , C , van den Bergh , O , Lemaigre , V , Demedts , M and Verleden , G . 2003 . Evaluation of an individualised asthma programme directed at behavioral change . Eur Respir J , 21 : 109 – 115 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun , H W , Wang , J P Wang , S Z . 2010 . Effect of educational and psychological intervention on the quality of life of asthmatic patients . Respir Care , 55 : 725 – 728 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yorke , J , Fleming , S L and Shuldham , C . 2007 . Psychological interventions for adults with asthma: a systematic review . Respir Med , 101 : 1 – 14 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ritz , T , Meuret , A E , Trueba , A F , Fritzsche , A and von Leupoldt , A . 2013 . Psychosocial factors and behavioral medicine interventions in asthma . J Consult Clin Psychol , 81 : 231 – 250 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar