8,090
Views
1,615
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins

, &
Pages 233-241 | Received 19 Mar 2004, Published online: 07 Aug 2009

References

  • Chang, S.C. Chuang, H.L. Chen, Y.R. Chen, J.K. Chung, H.Y. Lu, Y.L. Lin, H.Y. Tai, C.L. and Lou, J. (2003) "Ex vivo gene therapy in autologous bone marrow stromal stem cells for tissue-engineered maxillofacial bone regeneration", Gene Ther. 10, 2013–2019.
  • Chen, Y., Bhushan, A. and Vale, W. (1997) "Smad8 mediates the signaling of the receptor serine kinase", Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 94, 12938–12943.
  • Chen, D., Harris, M.A. Rossini, G., Dunstan, C.R. Dallas, S.L. Feng, J.Q. Mundy, G.R. and Harris, S.E. (1997) "Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) enhances BMP-3, 4 and bone cell differentiation marker gene expression during the induction of mineralized bone matrix formation in cultures of fetal rat calvarial osteoblasts", Calcif. Tissue Int. 60, 283–290.
  • Chen, D., Ji, X., Harris, M.A. Feng, J.Q. Karsenty, G., Celeste, A.J. Rosen, V., Mundy, G.R. and Harris, S.E. (1998) "Differential roles for BMP receptor type IB and IA in differentiation and specification of mesenchymal precursor cells to osteoblast and adipocyte lineages", J. Cell. Biol. 142, 295–305.
  • Christiansen, J.H. Coles, E. and Wilkinson, D.G. (2000) "Molecular control of neural crest formation, migration and differentiation", Curr. Opin. Cell. Biol. 12, 719–724.
  • Ciechanover, A., Orian, A. and Schwartz, A.L. (2000) "The ubiquitin-mediated proteolytic pathway: mode of action and clinical implications", J. Cell. Biochem. 77(S34), 40–51.
  • Cochran, D. and Wozney, J.M. (1999) "Biological mediators for periodontal regeneration", Periodontology 19, 40–58.
  • Deng, Z., Morse, J.H. Slager, S.L. Cuervo, N., Moore, M.J. Venetos, G., Kalachikov, S., Cayanis, E., Fischer, S.G. Barst, R.J. Hodge, S.E. and Knowles, J.A. (2000) "Familial primary pulmonary hypertension (gene PPH1) is caused by mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor-II gene", Am. J. Hum. Genet. 67, 737–744.
  • Devlin, R.D. Du, Z., Pereira, R.C. Kimble, R.B. Economides, N., Jorgetti, V. and Canalis, E. (2003) "Skeletal over-expression of noggin results in osteopenia and reduced bone formation", Endocrinology 144, 1972–1978.
  • Dijke, P., Yamashita, H., Sampath, T.K. Reddi, A.H. Estevez, M., Riddle, D.L. Ichijo, H., Heldin, C.H. and Miyazono, K. (1994) "Identification of type I receptors for osteogenic protein-1 and bone morphogenetic protein-4", J. Biol. Chem. 269, 16985–16988.
  • Dudley, A.T. Lyons, K.M. and Robertson, E.J. (1995) "A requirement for bone morphogenetic protein-7 during development of the mammalian kidney and eye", Genes Dev. 9, 2795–2807.
  • Galvin, K.M. Donovan, M.J. Lynch, C.A. Meyer, R.I. Paul, R.J. Lorenz, J.N. Fairchild-Huntress, V., Dixon, K.L. Dunmore, J.H. Gimbrone, Jr., M.A., Falb, D. and Huszar, D. (2000) "A role for smad6 in development and homeostasis of the cardiovascular system", Nat. Genet. 24, 171–174.
  • Gannon, F.H. Kaplan, F.S. Olmsted, E., Finkel, G.C. Zasloff, M.A. and Shore, E. (1997) "Bone morphogenetic protein 2/4 in early fibromatous lesions of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva", Hum. Pathol. 28, 339–343.
  • Gong, Y., Krakow, D., Marcelino, J., Wilkin, D., Chitayat, D., Babul-Hirji, R., Hudgins, L., Cremers, C.W. Cremers, F.P. Brunner, H.G. Reinker, K., Rimoin, D.L. Cohn, D.H. Goodman, F.R. Reardon, W., Patton, M., Francomano, C.A. and Warman, M.L. (1999) "Heterozygous mutations in the gene encoding noggin affect human joint morphogenesis", Nat. Genet. 21, 302–304.
  • Groppe, J., Greenwald, J., Wiater, E., Rodrizuez-Leon, J., Economides, A.N. Kwiatkowshi, W., Affolter, M., Vale, W., Belmonte, J.C.I. and Choe, S. (2002) "Structural basis of BMP signaling inhibition by the cystine knot protein Noggin", Nature 420, 636–642.
  • Hanai, J.I. Chen, L.F. Kanno, T., Ohtani-Fujita, N., Kim, W.Y. Guo, W-H., Imamura, T., Ishidou, Y., Fukuchi, M., Shi, M.J. Stavnezer, J., Kawabata, M., Miyazono, K. and Ito, Y. (1999) "Interaction and functional cooperation of PEBP2/CBF with Smads. Synergistic induction of the immunoglobulin germline Calpha promoter", J. Biol. Chem. 274, 31577–31582.
  • Harris, S.E. Harris, M.A. Mahy, P., Wozney, J.M. Feng, J.Q. and Mundy, G.R. (1994) "Expression of bone morphogenetic protein messenger RNAs by normal rat and human prostate and prostate cancer cells", Prostate 24, 204–211.
  • Hershko, A. and Ciechanover, A. (1998) "The ubiquitin system", Annu. Rev. Biochem. 67, 425-479, Review.
  • Hershko, A. (1983) "Ubiquitin: roles in protein modification and breakdown", Cell 34, 11–12.
  • Hoodless, P.A. Haerry, T., Abdollah, S., Stapleton, M., O'Connor, M.B. Attisano, L. and Wrana, J.L. (1996) "MADR1, a MAD-related protein that functions in BMP2 signaling pathways", Cell 85, 489–500.
  • Horiki, M., Imamura, T., Okamoto, M., Hayashi, M., Murai, J., Myoui, A., Ochi, T., Miyazono, K., Yoshikawa, H. and Tsumaki, N. (2004) "Smad6/Smurf1 overexpression in cartilage delays chondrocyte hypertrophy and causes dwarfism with osteopenia", J Cell. Biol. 165, 433–445.
  • Imamura, T., Takase, M., Nishihara, A., Oeda, E., Hanai, J., Kawabata, M. and Miyazono, K. (1997) "Smad6 inhibits signalling by the TGF-beta superfamily", Nature 389, 622–626.
  • Ishida, W., Hamamoto, T., Kusanagi, K., Yagi, K., Kawabata, M., Takehara, K., Sampath, T.K. Kato, M. and Miyazono, K. (2000) "Smad6 is a Smad1/5-induced smad inhibitor. Characterization of bone morphogenetic protein-responsive element in the mouse Smad6 promoter", J. Biol. Chem. 275, 6075–6079.
  • Jin, Y., Tipoe, G.L. Liong, E.C. Lau, T.Y. Fung, P.C. and Leung, K.M. (2001) "Overexpression of BMP-2/4, -5 and BMPR-IA associated with malignancy of oral epithelium", Oral Oncol. 37, 225–233.
  • Kawabata, M., Chytil, A. and Moses, H.L. (1995) "Cloning of a novel type II serine/threonine kinase receptor through interaction with the type I transforming growth factor-p receptor", J. Biol. Chem. 270, 5625–5630.
  • Kingsley, D.M. Bland, A.E. Grubber, J.M. Marker, P.C. Russell, L.B. Copeland, N.C. and Jenkins, N.A. (1992) "The mouse short ear skeletal morphogenesis is associated with defects in a bone morphogenetic member of the TGF superfamily", Cell 71, 399–410.
  • Koenig, B.B. Cook, J.S. Wolsing, D.H. Ting, J., Tiesman, J.P. Correa, P.E. Olson, C.A. Pecquetl, F., Ventura, F., Grant, R.A. Chen, G., Wrana, J., Massague, J. and Rosenbaum, J.S. (1994) "Characterization and cloning of a receptor for BMP-2 and BMP-4 from NIH 3T3 cells", Mol. Cell. Biol. 14, 5961–5974.
  • Lane, K.B. Machado, R.D. Pauciulo, M.W. Thomson, J.R. Phillips, J.A. Loyd, J.E. Nichols, W.C. and Trembath, R.C. (2000) "Heterozygous germline mutations in BMPR2, encoding a TGF-p receptor, cause familial primary pulmonary hypertension", Nat. Genet. 26, 81–84.
  • Li, R.H. Bouxsein, M.L. Blake, C.A. D'Augusta, D., Kim, H., Li, X.J. Wozney, J.M. and Seeherman, H.J. (2003) "rhBMP-2 injected in a calcium phosphate paste (alpha-BSM) accelerates healing in the rabbit ulnar osteotomy model", J. Orthop. Res. 21, 997–1004.
  • Luo, G., Hofmann, C., Bronchers, A.J. Sohocki, M., Bradley, A. and Karsenty, G. (1995) "BMP-7 is an inducer of nephrogenesis, and is also required for eye development and skeletal patterning", Genes Dev. 9, 2808–2820.
  • Luyten, F.P. Cunningham, N.S. Ma, S., Muthukumaran, N., Hammonds, R.G. Nevins, W.B. Woods, W.I. and Reddi, A.H. (1989) "Purification and partial amino acid sequence of osteogenin, a protein initiating bone differentiation", J. Biol. Chem. 264, 13377–13380.
  • Macias-Silva, M., Hoodless, P.A. Tang, S.J. Buchwald, M. and Wrana, J.L. (1998) "Specific activation of Smad1 signaling pathways by the BMP7 type I receptor, ALK2", J. Biol. Chem. 273, 25628–25636.
  • Matsuo, T., Sugita, T., Kubo, T., Yasunaga, Y., Ochi, M. and Murakami, T. (2003) "Injectable magnetic liposomes as a novel carrier of recombinant human BMP-2 for bone formation in a rat bone-defect model", J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 66A, 747–754.
  • McPherron, A.C. Lawler, A.M. and Lee, S.J. (1997) "Regulation of skeletal muscle mass in mice by a new TGFp superfamily member", Nature 387, 83–90.
  • Mikic, B., van derMeulen, M.C. Kingsley, D.M. and Carter, D.R. (1995) "Long bone geometry and strength in adult BMP-5 deficient mice", Bone 16, 445–454.
  • Mishina, Y., Suzuki, A., Ueno, N. and Behringer, R.B. (1995) "Bmpr encodes a type I bone morphogenetic protein receptor that is essential for gastrulation during mouse embryogenesis", Genes Dev. 9, 3027–3037.
  • Moustakas, A. and Heldi, C.H. (2002) "From mono-to oligo-Smads: the heart of the matter in TGFp signal transduction", Genes Dev. 16, 67–1871.
  • Munoz-Sanjuan, I. and Brivanlou, A.H. (2002) "Neural induction, the default model and embryonic stem cells", Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 3, 271–280.
  • Murakami, N., Saito, N., Horiuchi, H., Okada, T., Nozaki, K. and Takaoka, K. (2002) "Repair of segmental defects in rabbit humeri with titanium fiber mesh cylinders containing recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) and a synthetic polymer", J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 62, 169–174.
  • Murakami, G., Watabe, T., Takaoka, K., Miyazono, K. and Imamura, T. (2003) "Cooperative inhibition of bone morphogenetic protein signaling by Smurf1 and inhibitory Smads", Mol. Biol. Cell. 14, 2809–2817.
  • Newman, J.H. Wheeler, L., Lane, K.B. Loyd, E., Gaddipati, R., Phillips, 3rd, J.A. and Loyd, J.E. (2001) "Mutation in the gene for bone morphogenetic protein receptor II as a cause of primary pulmonary hypertension in a large kindred", N. Engl. J. Med. 345, 319–324.
  • Nishimura, R., Kato, Y., Chen, D., Harris, S.E. Mundy, G.R. and Yoneda, T. (1998) "Smad5 and DPC4 are key molecules in mediating BMP-2-induced osteoblastic differentiation of the pluripotent mesenchymal precursor cell line C2C12", J. Biol. Chem. 273, 1872–1879.
  • Nishitoh, H., Ichijo, H., Kimura, M., Matsumoto, T., Makishima, F., Yamaguchi, A., Yamashita, H., Enomoto, S. and Miyazono, K. (1996) "Identification of type I and type II serine/threonine kinase receptors for growth/differentiation factor-5", J. Biol. Chem. 271, 21345–21352.
  • Niswander, L. and Martin, G.R. (1993) "FGF-4 regulates expression of Evx-1 in the developing mouse limb", Development 119, 287–294.
  • Rosenzweig, B.L. Imamura, T., Okadome, T., Cox, G.N. Yamashita, H., ten Dijke, P., Heldin, C. and Miyazono, K. (1995) "Cloning and characterization of a human type II receptor for bone morphogenetic proteins", Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 92, 7632–7636.
  • Sandhu, H.S. (2003) "Bone morphogenetic proteins and spinal surgery", Spine 28, S64-S73.
  • Solloway, M.J. Dudley, A.T. Bikoff, E.K. Lyons, K.M. Hogan, B.L. and Robertson, E.J. (1998) "Mice lacking Bmp6 function", Dev. Genet. 22, 321–339.
  • Stein, S.A. Witkop, C., Hill, S., Fallon, M.D. Viernstein, L., Gucer, G., McKeever, P., Long, D., Altman, J., Miller, N.R. Teitelbaum, S.L. and Schlesinger, S. (1983) "Sclerosteosis: neurogenetic and pathophysiologic analysis of an American kinship", Neurology 33, 267–277.
  • Storm, E.E. Huynh, T.V. Copeland, N.G. Jenkins, N.A. Kingsley, D.M. and Lee, S.J. (1994) "Limb alterations in brachypodism mice due to mutations in a new member of the TGFp superfamily", Nature 368, 639–643.
  • Takahashi, T., Takahashi, I., Komatsu, M., Sawaishi, Y., Higashi, K., Nishimura, G., Saito, H. and Takada, G. (2001) "Mutations of the NOG gene in individuals with proximal symphalangism and multiple synostosis syndrome", Clin. Genet. 60, 447–451.
  • Takebayashi, K., Takakura, K., Wang, H., Kimura, F., Kasahara, K. and Noda, Y. (2000) "Mutation analysis of the growth differentiation factor-9 and -9B genes in patients with premature ovarian failure and polycystic ovary syndrome", Fertil. Steril. 74, 976–979.
  • Thomas, J.T. Lin, K., Nandedkar, M., Camargo, M., Cervenka, J. and Luyten, F.P. (1996) "A human chondrodysplasia due to a mutation in a TGFp superfamily member", Nat. Genet. 12, 315–317.
  • Thomas, J.T. Kilpatrick, M.W. Lin, K., Erlacher, L., Lembessis, P., Costa, T., Tsipouras, P. and Luyten, F.P. (1997) "Disruption of human limb morphogenesis by a dominant negative mutation in CDMP1", Nat. Genet. 17, 58–64.
  • Tremblay, K.D. Dunn, N.R. and Robertson, E. (2001) "Mouse embryos lacking Smad1 signals display defects in extra-embryonic tissues and germ cell formation", Development 128, 3609–3621.
  • Truswell, A. (1958) "Osteopetrosis with Syndactyly: a morphological variant of Albers-Schonberg's disease", J. Bone Joint Surg. 40, 208–218.
  • Turgeman, G., Zilberman, Y., Zhou, S., Kelly, P., Moutsatsos, I.K. Kharode, Y.P. Borella, L.E. Bex, F.J. Komm, B.S. Bodine, P.V. and Gazit, D. (2002) "Systemically administered rhBMP-2 promotes MSC activity and reverses bone and cartilage loss in osteopenic mice", J. Cell. Biochem. 86, 461–474.
  • Urist, M.R. (1965) "Bone formation by autoinduction", Science 150, 893–899.
  • Usui, M., Yoshida, Y., Yamashita, T., Tsuji, K., Isao, I., Yamamoto, T., Nifuji, A. and Noda, M. (2002) "Enhancing effect of Tob deficiency on bone formation is specific to bone morphogenetic protein-induced osteogenesis", J. Bone Miner. Res. 17, 1026–1033.
  • Wall, N.A. and Hogan, B.L. (1994) "TGF-beta related genes in development", Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 4, 517–522.
  • Weissman, A. (2001) "Themes and variations on ubiquitylation", Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2, 169-178, Review.
  • Winkler, D.G. Sutherland, M.K. Geoghegan, J.C. Yu, C., Hayes, T., Skonier, J.E. Shpektor, D., Jonas, M., Kovacevich, B.R. Staehling-Hampton, K., Appleby, M., Brunkow, M.E. and Latham, J.A. (2003) "Osteocyte control of bone formation via sclerostin, a novel BMP antagonist", EMBO, J 22, 6267–6276.
  • Winnier, G., Blessing, M., Labosky, P.A. and Hogan, B.L.M. (1995) "Bone morphogenetic protein-4 is required for mesoderm formation and patterning in the mouse", Genes Dev. 9, 2105–2116.
  • Wozney, J.M. Rosen, V., Celeste, A.J. Mitsock, L.M. Whitters, M.J. Kriz, R., Hewick, R. and Wang, E.A. (1988) "Novel regulators of bone formation: molecular clones and activities", Science 242, 1528–1534.
  • Wozney, J. (1992) "The bone morphogenetic protein family and osteogenesis", Mol. Reprod. Dev. 32, 160–167.
  • Wu, X.B. Li, Y., Schneider, A., Yu, W., Rajendren, G., Iqbal, J., Yamamoto, M., Alam, M., Brunet, L.J. Blair, H.C. Zaidi, M. and Abe, E. (2003) "Impaired osteoblastic differentiation, reduced bone formation, and severe osteoporosis in noggin-overexpressing mice", J. Clin. Investig. 112, 924–934.
  • Xu, M.Q. Feldman, G., Le Merrer, M., Shugart, Y.Y. Glaser, D.L. Urtizberea, J.A. Fardeau, M., Connor, J.M. Triffitt, J., Smith, R., Shore, E.M. and Kaplan, F.S. (2000) "Linkage exclusion and mutational analysis of the noggin gene in patients with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP)", Clin. Genet. 58, 291–298.
  • Yamashita, H., ten Dijke, P., Huylebroeck, D., Sampath, T.K. Andries, M., Smith, J.S. Heldin, C.H. and Miyazono, K. (1995) "Osteogenic protein-1 binds to activin type II receptors and induces certain activin-like effects", J. Cell. Biol. 130, 217–226.
  • Yamashita, M., Ying, S., Cheng, S.Y. Deng, C., and Zhang, Y. Smurf1 negatively regulates osteoblast differentiation by antagonizing BMP signaling. FASEB Summer Research Conferences July 12-17, 2003, Tucson, Arizona.
  • Yang, X., Castilla, L.H. Xu, X., Li, C., Gotay, J., Weinstein, M., Liu, P.P. and Deng, C.X. (1999) "Angiogenesis defects and mesenchymal apoptosis in mice lacking SMAD5", Development 126, 1571–1580.
  • Yi, S.E. Daluiski, A., Pederson, R., Rosen, V. and Lyons, K.M. (2000) "The type I BMP receptor BMPRIB is required for chondrogenesis in the mouse limb", Development 127, 621–630.
  • Yoshida, Y., Tanaka, S., Umemori, H., Minowa, O., Usui, M., Ikematsu, N., Hosoda, E., Imamura, T., Kuno, J., Yamashita, T., Miyazono, K., Noda, M., Noda, T. and Yamamoto, T. (2000) "Negative regulation of BMP/Smad signaling by Tob in osteoblasts", Cell 103, 1085–1097.
  • Zhang, H. and Bradley, A. (1996) "Mice deficient for BMP-2 are nonviable and have defects in amnion/chorion and cardiac development", Development 122, 2977–2986.
  • Zhao, M., Harris, S.E. Horn, D., Geng, Z., Nishimura, R., Mundy, G.R. and Chen, D. (2002) "Bone morphogenetic protein receptor signaling is necessary for normal murine postnatal bone formation", J. Cell. Biol. 157, 1049–1060.
  • Zhao, M., Qiao, M., Oyajobi, B., Mundy, G.R. and Chen, D. (2003) "E3 ubiquitin ligase Smurf1 mediates core-binding factor a1/Runx2 degradation and plays a specific role in osteoblast differentiation", J. Biol. Chem. 278, 27939–27944.
  • Zhao, M., Qiao, M., Harris, S.E. Oyajobi, B., Mundy, G.R. and Chen, D. (2004) "Smurf1 inhibits osteoblast differentiation and bone formation in vitro and in vivo", J. Biol. Chem. 279, 12854–12859.
  • Zhu, H., Kavsak, P., Abdollah, S., Wrana, J. and Thomsen, G.H.A. (1999) "SMAD ubiquitin ligase targets the BMP pathway and affects embryonic pattern formation", Nature 400, 687–693.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.