FOXN2, identified as a novel biomarker in serum, modulates the transforming growth factor-beta signaling pathway through its interaction with partitioning defective 6 homolog alpha, contributing to the pathogenesis of gastric cancer

References

• Bakir, Basil, Anna M. Chiarella, Jason R. Pitarresi, and Anil K. Rustgi. 2020. “EMT, MET, Plasticity, and Tumor Metastasis.” Trends in Cell Biology 30 (10): 764–776. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcb.2020.07.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, Xiao-Tian, Hui Wu, Hui-Lin Li, Hong-Lei Li, and Ya-Bing Zheng. 2022. “PADI4 Promotes Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition(EMT) in Gastric Cancer via the Upregulation of Interleukin 8.” BMC Gastroenterology 22 (1): 25. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-022-02097-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chia, N., and P. Tan. 2016. “Molecular Classification of Gastric Cancer.” Annals of Oncology: official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology 27 (5): 763–769. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdw040
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Derynck, R., S. Turley, and R. Akhurst. 2021. “TGFβ Biology in Cancer Progression and Immunotherapy.” Nature Reviews. Clinical Oncology 18 (1): 9–34. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41571-020-0403-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eun, Kiyoung, Seok Won Ham, and Hyunggee Kim. 2017. “Cancer Stem Cell Heterogeneity: Origin and New Perspectives on CSC Targeting.” BMB Reports 50 (3): 117–125. https://doi.org/10.5483/bmbrep.2017.50.3.222
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunaratne, A., B. Thai, and G. Di Guglielmo. 2013. “Atypical Protein Kinase C Phosphorylates Par6 and Facilitates Transforming Growth Factor β-Induced Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition.” Molecular and Cellular Biology 33 (5): 874–886. https://doi.org/10.1128/MCB.00837-12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo, Xiong, Xiaolong Liang, Yujun Wang, Anqi Cheng, Han Zhang, Chuan Qin, Ziwei Wang, et al. 2021. “Significance of Tumor Mutation Burden Combined with Immune Infiltrates in the Progression and Prognosis of Advanced Gastric Cancer.” Frontiers in Genetics 12: 642608. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2021.642608
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, L., R. Wu, and A. Xu. 2015. “Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Gastric Cancer.” American Journal of Translational Research 7 (11): 2141–2158.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, Yuejiao, Haiyan Zhang, Xinliang Gu, Shiyi Qin, Ming Zheng, Xiangrong Shi, Chunlei Peng, et al. 2021. “Elucidating the Role of Serum tRF-31-U5YKFN8DYDZDD as a Novel Diagnostic Biomarker in Gastric Cancer (GC).” Frontiers in Oncology 11: 723753. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.723753
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeong, Mi-Hyeon, Soo-Yeon Park, Seung-Hyun Lee, JaeSung Seo, Jung-Yoon Yoo, Seung-Ho Park, Mi Jeong Kim, et al. 2019. “EPB41L5 Mediates TGFβ-Induced Metastasis of Gastric Cancer.” Clinical Cancer Research: An Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 25 (12): 3617–3629. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-18-2959
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeong, S., S. Kim, and S. Ahn. 2021. “HOXC6-Mediated miR-188-5p Expression Induces Cell Migration through the Inhibition of the Tumor Suppressor FOXN2.” International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23 (1): 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23010009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnston, F., and M. Beckman. 2019. “Updates on Management of Gastric Cancer.” Current Oncology Reports 21 (8): 67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11912-019-0820-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karimi, Parisa, Farhad Islami, Sharmila Anandasabapathy, Neal D. Freedman, and Farin Kamangar. 2014. “Gastric Cancer: descriptive Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Screening, and Prevention.” Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention: A Publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, Cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology 23 (5): 700–713. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-13-1057
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, X, et al. 2021. “FOXN2 Suppresses the Proliferation and Invasion of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells.” European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences 25 (2): 731–737.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, Yuan-Jie, Shu-Hong Zeng, Yi-Dou Hu, Yong-Hua Zhang, and Jie-Pin Li. 2021. “Overexpression of NREP Promotes Migration and Invasion in Gastric Cancer through Facilitating Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition.” Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 9: 746194. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.746194
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loh, Chin-Yap, Jian Yi Chai, Ting Fang Tang, Won Fen Wong, Gautam Sethi, Muthu Kumaraswamy Shanmugam, Pei Pei Chong, et al. 2019. “The E-Cadherin and N-Cadherin Switch in Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition: Signaling, Therapeutic Implications, and Challenges.” Cells 8 (10): 1118. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8101118
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu, Ziwen, Sirui Yuan, Lingling Ruan, Zhigang Tu, and Hanqing Liu. 2022. “Partitioning Defective 6 Homolog Alpha (PARD6A) Promotes Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition via Integrin β1-ILK-SNAIL1 Pathway in Ovarian Cancer.” Cell Death & Disease 13 (4): 304. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-022-04756-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma, Jia., Yanwei Lu, Sheng Zhang, Yan Li, Jing Huang, Zhongyuan Yin, Jinghua Ren, et al. 2018. “β-Trcp Ubiquitin Ligase and RSK2 Kinase-Mediated Degradation of FOXN2 Promotes Tumorigenesis and Radioresistance in Lung Cancer.” Cell Death and Differentiation 25 (8): 1473–1485. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41418-017-0055-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myatt, S., and E. Lam. 2007. “The Emerging Roles of Forkhead Box (Fox) Proteins in Cancer.” Nature Reviews. Cancer 7 (11): 847–859. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc2223
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagel, Stefan, Claudia Pommerenke, Corinna Meyer, Maren Kaufmann, Roderick A. F. MacLeod, and Hans G. Drexler. 2017. “Identification of a Tumor Suppressor Network in T-Cell Leukemia.” Leukemia & Lymphoma 58 (9): 2196–2207–2207. https://doi.org/10.1080/10428194.2017.1283029
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozdamar, Barish, Rohit Bose, Miriam Barrios-Rodiles, Hong-Rui Wang, Yue Zhang, and Jeffrey L. Wrana. 2005. “Regulation of the Polarity Protein Par6 by TGFbeta Receptors Controls Epithelial Cell Plasticity.” Science 307 (5715): 1603–1609. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1105718
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Padma, V. 2015. “An Overview of Targeted Cancer Therapy.” BioMedicine 5 (4): 19. https://doi.org/10.7603/s40681-015-0019-4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pastushenko, I., and C. Blanpain. 2019. “EMT Transition States during Tumor Progression and Metastasis.” Trends in Cell Biology 29 (3): 212–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcb.2018.12.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roy, Sayoni, Raghava R. Sunkara, Manan Y. Parmar, Saima Shaikh, and Sanjeev K. Waghmare. 2021. “EMT Imparts Cancer Stemness and Plasticity: New Perspectives and Therapeutic Potential.” Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark Edition) 26 (2): 238–265. https://doi.org/10.2741/4893
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruan, Lingling, Yanting Shen, Ziwen Lu, Dongsheng Shang, Zhicong Zhao, Yongjin Lu, Yanfang Wu, et al. 2017. “Roles of Partitioning-Defective Protein 6 (Par6) and Its Complexes in the Proliferation, Migration and Invasion of Cancer Cells.” Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology & Physiology 44 (9): 909–913. https://doi.org/10.1111/1440-1681.12794
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi, Shuo, Zhen-Zhen Yang, Sanhong Liu, Fan Yang, and Haifan Lin. 2020. “PIWIL1 Promotes Gastric Cancer via a piRNA-Independent Mechanism.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 117 (36): 22390–22401. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2008724117
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sung, H, et al. 2021. “Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries.” A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 71 (3): 209–249.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thrift, A., and H. El-Serag. 2020. “Burden of Gastric Cancer.” Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology: The Official Clinical Practice Journal of the American Gastroenterological Association 18 (3): 534–542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2019.07.045
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viloria-Petit, A., and J. Wrana. 2010. “The TGFbeta-Par6 Polarity Pathway: linking the Par Complex to EMT and Breast Cancer Progression.” Cell Cycle 9 (4): 623–624. https://doi.org/10.4161/cc.9.4.10779
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wijchers, P., J. Burbach, and M. Smidt. 2006. “In Control of Biology: Of Mice, Men and Foxes.” The Biochemical Journal 397 (2): 233–246. https://doi.org/10.1042/BJ20060387
   Google Scholar
• Xia, Yiwen, Linjun Wang, Zhipeng Xu, Ruirui Kong, Fei Wang, Kai Yin, Jianghao Xu, et al. 2019. “Reduced USP33 Expression in Gastric Cancer Decreases Inhibitory Effects of Slit2-Robo1 Signalling on Cell Migration and EMT.” Cell Proliferation 52 (3): e12606. https://doi.org/10.1111/cpr.12606
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, J., and R. Weinberg. 2008. “Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition: At the Crossroads of Development and Tumor Metastasis.” Developmental Cell 14 (6): 818–829. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2008.05.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ye, H., and M. Duan. 2019. “FOXN2 is Downregulated in Breast Cancer and Regulates Migration, Invasion, and Epithelial- Mesenchymal Transition through Regulation of SLUG.” Cancer Management and Research 11: 525–535. https://doi.org/10.2147/CMAR.S176938
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeh, Hsi-Wen, Szu-Shuo Lee, Chieh-Yu Chang, Yaw-Dong Lang, and Yuh-Shan Jou. 2019. “A New Switch for TGFβ in Cancer.” Cancer Research 79 (15): 3797–3805. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-18-2019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• You, Xiaolan, Jian Wu, Xiaojun Zhao, Xingyu Jiang, Wenxuan Tao, Zhiyi Chen, Chuanjiang Huang, et al. 2021. “Fibroblastic Galectin-1-Fostered Invasion and Metastasis Are Mediated by TGF-β1-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Gastric Cancer.” Aging 13 (14): 18464–18481. https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.203295
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, F., Y. Zhang, and Y. Wang. 2021. “Effect of RNA Interference Inhibiting the Expression of the FUBP1 Gene on Biological Function of Gastric Cancer Cell Line SGC7901.” The Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology: The Official Journal of Turkish Society of Gastroenterology 32 (11): 923–931. https://doi.org/10.5152/tjg.2020.19513
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, M., L. Mishra, and C. Deng. 2018. “The Role of TGF-β/SMAD4 Signaling in Cancer.” International Journal of Biological Sciences 14 (2): 111–123. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijbs.23230
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu, Ying-Chun, Ya-Kun Wang, Shou-Jun Bai, Fang-Fang Zha, Gang Feng, Cong-Pu Gao, Juan Liu, et al. 2017. “Suppression of CIP4/Par6 Attenuates TGF-β1-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in NRK-52E Cells.” International Journal of Molecular Medicine 40 (4): 1165–1171. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2017.3100
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar