527
Views
10
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Cardio metabolic effect management in PCOS

The cardiometabolic effect of current management of polycystic ovary syndrome: strategies of prevention and treatment

, , &
Pages 87-91 | Received 31 May 2017, Accepted 15 Sep 2017, Published online: 23 Sep 2017

References

  • Azziz R, Adashi EY. Stein and Leventhal: 80 years on. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016;214:247.
  • ESHRE/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS Consensus Workshop Group. Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2004;81:19–25.
  • Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Dunaif A. Insulin resistance and the polycystic ovary syndrome revisited: an update on mechanisms and implications. Endocr Rev 2012;33:981–1030.
  • Moran LJ, Norman RJ, Teede HJ. Metabolic risk in PCOS: phenotype and adiposity impact. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2015;26:136–43.
  • Unluturk U, Sezgin E, Yildiz BO. Evolutionary determinants of polycystic ovary syndrome: part 1. Fertil Steril 2016;106:33–41.
  • Teede H, Deeks A, Moran L. Polycystic ovary syndrome: a complex condition with psychological, reproductive and metabolic manifestations that impacts on health across the lifespan. BMC Med 2010;8:41.
  • Huber-Buchholz MM, Carey DG, Norman RJ. Restoration of reproductive potential by lifestyle modification in obese polycystic ovary syndrome: role of insulin sensitivity and luteinizing hormone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84:1470–4.
  • Lefebvre P, Bringer J, Renard E, et al. Influences of weight, body fat patterning and nutrition on the management of PCOS. Hum Reprod 1997;12:72–81.
  • Kasim-Karakas SE, Almario RU, Cunningham W. Effects of protein versus simple sugar intake on weight loss in polycystic ovary syndrome (according to the National Institutes of Health criteria). Fertil Steril 2009;92:262–70.
  • Mikkelsen PB, Toubro S, Astrup A. Effect of fat-reduced diets on 24-h energy expenditure: comparisons between animal protein, vegetable protein, and carbohydrate. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;72:1135–41.
  • Brown AJ, Setji TL, Sanders LL, et al. Effects of exercise on lipoprotein particles in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009;41:497–504.
  • Domecq JP, Prutsky G, Mullan RJ, et al. Lifestyle modification programs in polycystic ovary syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013;98:4655–63.
  • Sprung VS, Cuthbertson DJ, Pugh CJ, et al. Exercise training in polycystic ovarian syndrome enhances flow-mediated dilation in the absence of changes in fatness. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2013;45:2234–42.
  • Baillargeon JP, Iuorno MJ, Apridonidze T, et al. Uncoupling between insulin and release of a D-chiro-inositol-containing inositolphosphoglycan mediator of insulin action in obese women With polycystic ovary syndrome. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2010;8:127–36.
  • Huang LC, Fonteles MC, Houston DB, et al. Chiroinositol deficiency and insulin resistance. III. Acute glycogenic and hypoglycemic effects of two inositol phosphoglycan insulin mediators in normal and streptozotocin-diabetic rats in vivo. Endocrinology 1993;132:652–7.
  • Garg D, Tal R. Inositol Treatment and ART Outcomes in Women with PCOS. Int J Endocrinol 2016;2016:1979654
  • Muscogiuri G, Palomba S, Lagana AS, et al. Inositols in the Treatment of Insulin-Mediated Diseases. Int J Endocrinol 2016;2016:3058393.
  • Unfer V, Carlomagno G, Dante G, et al. Effects of myo-inositol in women with PCOS: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Gynecol Endocrinol 2012;28:509–15.
  • Salehpour S, Nazari L, Hoseini S, et al. A potential therapeutic role of myoinositol in the metabolic and cardiovascular profile of PCOS Iranian women aged between 30 and 40 years. In J Endocrinol 2016;2016:7493147.
  • Lagana AS, Barbaro L, Pizzo A. Evaluation of ovarian function and metabolic factors in women affected by polycystic ovary syndrome after treatment with D-Chiro-Inositol. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2015;291:1181–6.
  • Facchinetti F, Bizzarri M, Benvenga S, et al. Results from the international consensus conference on myo-inositol and d-chiro-inositol in obstetrics and gynecology: the link between metabolic syndrome and PCOS. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2015;195:72–6.
  • Morgante G, Cappelli V, Di Sabatino A, et al. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and hyperandrogenism: the role of a new natural association. Minerva Ginecol 2015;67:457–63.
  • Lord JM, Flight IH, Norman RJ. Insulin-sensitising drugs (metformin, troglitazone, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, D-chiro-inositol) for polycystic ovary syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003;3:RCD003053.
  • Bargiota A, Diamanti-Kandarakis E. The effects of old, new and emerging medicines on metabolic aberrations in PCOS. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2012;3:27–47.
  • Ibanez L, de Zegher F. Ethinylestradiol-drospirenone, flutamide-metformin, or both for adolescents and women with hyperinsulinemic hyperandrogenism: opposite effects on adipocytokines and body adiposity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:1592–7.
  • Moghetti P, Castello R, Negri C, et al. Metformin effects on clinical features, endocrine and metabolic profiles, and insulin sensitivity in polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 6-month trial, followed by open, long-term clinical evaluation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:139–46.
  • Pasquali R, Gambineri A, Biscotti D, et al. Effect of long-term treatment with metformin added to hypocaloric diet on body composition, fat distribution, and androgen and insulin levels in abdominally obese women with and without the polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:2767–74.
  • Santana LF, de Sa MF, Ferriani RA, et al. Effect of metformin on the clinical and metabolic assessment of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol 2004;19:88–96.
  • Sharma ST, Wickham EP, 3rd, Nestler JE. Changes in glucose tolerance with metformin treatment in polycystic ovary syndrome: a retrospective analysis. Endocr Pract 2007;13:373–9.
  • Morin-Papunen L, Rautio K, Ruokonen A, et al. Metformin reduces serum C-reactive protein levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:4649–54.
  • Orio F Jr, Matarese G, Di Biase S, et al. Exon 6 and 2 peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma polymorphisms in polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:5887–92.
  • Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Alexandraki K, Protogerou A, et al. Metformin administration improves endothelial function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 2005;152:749–56.
  • Johnson NP. Metformin use in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Ann Transl Med 2014;2:56
  • Nieuwenhuis-Ruifrok AE, Kuchenbecker WK, Hoek A, et al. Insulin sensitizing drugs for weight loss in women of reproductive age who are overweight or obese: systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update 2009;15:57–68.
  • Gambineri A, Patton L, Vaccina A, et al. Treatment with flutamide, metformin, and their combination added to a hypocaloric diet in overweight-obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, 12-month, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006;91:3970–80.
  • Harborne LR, Sattar N, Norman JE, et al. Metformin and weight loss in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: comparison of doses. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005;90:4593–8.
  • Wild RA, Carmina E, Diamanti-Kandarakis E, et al. Assessment of cardiovascular risk and prevention of cardiovascular disease in women with the polycystic ovary syndrome: a consensus statement by the Androgen Excess and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (AE-PCOS) Society. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010;95:2038–49.
  • Ibanez L, Valls C, Potau N, et al. Sensitization to insulin in adolescent girls to normalize hirsutism, hyperandrogenism, oligomenorrhea, dyslipidemia, and hyperinsulinism after precocious pubarche. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:3526–30.
  • Fleming R, Hopkinson ZE, Wallace AM, et al. Ovarian function and metabolic factors in women with oligomenorrhea treated with metformin in a randomized double blind placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002;87:569–74.
  • Rautio K, Tapanainen JS, Ruokonen A, et al. Effects of metformin and ethinyl estradiol-cyproterone acetate on lipid levels in obese and non-obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 2005;152:269–75.
  • Luque-Ramirez M, Alvarez-Blasco F, Botella-Carretero JI, et al. Comparison of ethinyl-estradiol plus cyproterone acetate versus metformin effects on classic metabolic cardiovascular risk factors in women with the polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92:2453–61.
  • Banaszewska B, Pawelczyk L, Spaczynski RZ, et al. Comparison of simvastatin and metformin in treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome: prospective randomized trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009;94:4938–45.
  • Tang T, Glanville J, Hayden CJ, et al. Combined lifestyle modification and metformin in obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind multicentre study. Hum Reprod 2006;21:80–9.
  • Lord JM, Flight IH, Norman RJ. Metformin in polycystic ovary syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2003;327:951–3.
  • Mathur R, Levin O, Azziz R. Use of ethinylestradiol/drospirenone combination in patients with the polycystic ovary syndrome. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2008;4:487–92.
  • Nader S, Diamanti-Kandarakis E. Polycystic ovary syndrome, oral contraceptives and metabolic issues: new perspectives and a unifying hypothesis. Hum Reprod 2007;22:317–22.
  • Godsland IF. The influence of female sex steroids on glucose metabolism and insulin action. J Intern Med Suppl 1996;738:1–60.
  • Vrbikova J, Stanicka S, Dvorakova K, et al. Metabolic and endocrine effects of treatment with peroral or transdermal oestrogens in conjunction with peroral cyproterone acetate in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 2004;150:215–23.
  • Morin-Papunen LC, Vauhkonen I, Koivunen RM, et al. Endocrine and metabolic effects of metformin versus ethinyl estradiol-cyproterone acetate in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:3161–8.
  • Morin-Papunen L, Vauhkonen I, Koivunen R, et al. Metformin versus ethinyl estradiol-cyproterone acetate in the treatment of nonobese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:148–56.
  • Ibanez L, De Zegher F. Flutamide-metformin plus an oral contraceptive (OC) for young women with polycystic ovary syndrome: switch from third- to fourth-generation OC reduces body adiposity. Hum Reprod 2004;19:1725–7.
  • Costello MF, Shrestha B, Eden J, et al. Metformin versus oral contraceptive pill in polycystic ovary syndrome: a Cochrane review. Hum Reprod 2007;22:1200–9.
  • Gaspard U, Endrikat J, Desager JP, et al. A randomized study on the influence of oral contraceptives containing ethinylestradiol combined with drospirenone or desogestrel on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism over a period of 13 cycles. Contraception 2004;69:271–8.
  • Yildizhan R, Gokce AI, Yildizhan B, et al. Comparison of the effects of chlormadinone acetate versus drospirenone containing oral contraceptives on metabolic and hormonal parameters in women with PCOS for a period of two-year follow-up. Gynecol Endocrinol 2015;31:396–400.
  • Ibanez L, Jaramillo A, Ferrer A, et al. Absence of hepatotoxicity after long-term, low-dose flutamide in hyperandrogenic girls and young women. Hum Reprod 2005;20:1833–6.
  • Spritzer PM, Barone CR, Oliveira FB. Hirsutism in polycystic ovary syndrome: pathophysiology and management. Curr Pharm Des 2016;22:5603–13.
  • Gambineri A, Pelusi C, Genghini S, et al. Effect of flutamide and metformin administered alone or in combination in dieting obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2004;60:241–9.
  • Gambineri A, Pelusi C, Manicardi E, et al. Glucose intolerance in a large cohort of mediterranean women with polycystic ovary syndrome: phenotype and associated factors. Diabetes 2004;53:2353–8.
  • Gambineri A, Pagotto U, Tschop M, et al. Anti-androgen treatment increases circulating ghrelin levels in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Endocrinol Invest 2003;26:629–34.
  • Zulian E, Sartorato P, Benedini S, et al. Spironolactone in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome: effects on clinical features, insulin sensitivity and lipid profile. J Endocrinol Invest 2005;28:49–53.
  • Nakhjavani M, Hamidi S, Esteghamati A, et al. Short term effects of spironolactone on blood lipid profile: a 3-month study on a cohort of young women with hirsutism. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2009;68:634–7.
  • Ganie MA, Khurana ML, Nisar S, et al. Improved efficacy of low-dose spironolactone and metformin combination than either drug alone in the management of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): a six-month, open-label randomized study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013;98:3599–607.
  • Puurunen J, Piltonen T, Puukka K, et al. Statin therapy worsens insulin sensitivity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013;98:4798–807.
  • Sun J, Yuan Y, Cai R, et al. An investigation into the therapeutic effects of statins with metformin on polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ Open 2015;5:e007280.
  • Ghazeeri G, Abbas HA, Skaff B, et al. Inadequacy of initiating rosuvastatin then metformin on biochemical profile of polycystic ovarian syndrome patients. J Endocrinol Invest 2015;38:643–51.
  • Krysiak R, Zmuda W, Okopien B. The effect of ezetimibe on androgen production in hypercholesterolemic women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Cardiovasc Ther 2014;32:219–23.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.