391
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Editorial

Hormones and cardiovascular disease

Pages 483-484 | Published online: 07 Jul 2009

References

  • Mendelsohn M E, Karas R H. Estrogen and the blood vessel wall. Curr Opin Cardiol 1994; 9: 619–626
  • Mendelsohn M E, Karas R H. Mechanisms of disease: the protective effects of estrogen on the cardiovascular system. N Engl J Med 1999; 340: 1801–1811
  • Grady D, Rubin S M, Petitti D B, Fox C S, Black D, Ettinger B, Ernster V L, Cummings S R. Hormone therapy to prevent disease and prolong life in postmenopausal women. Ann Intern Med 1992; 117: 1016–1037
  • Manson J E, Hsia J, Johnson K C, Rossouw J E, Assaf A R, Lasser N L, Trevisan M, Black H R, Heckbert S R, Detrano R, Strickland O L, et al. Women's Health Initiative Investigators. Estrogen Plus Progestin and the risk of coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med 2003; 349: 523–534
  • The Women's Health Initiative Steering Committee. Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy. JAMA 2004; 291: 1701–1712
  • Hsia J, Langer R D, Manson J E, Kuller L, Johnson K C, Hendrix S L, Pettinger M, Heckbert S R, Greep N, Crawford S, Eaton C B, et al. Women's Health Initiative Investigators. Conjugated equine estrogens and coronary heart disease. Arch Intern Med 2006; 166: 356–357
  • Mendelsohn M E, Karas R H. Molecular and cellular basis of cardiovascular gender differences. Science 2005; 308: 1583–1587
  • Mikkola T S, Clarkson T B. Estrogen replacement therapy, atherosclerosis, and vascular function. Cardiovasc Res 2002; 53: 605–619
  • Rossouw J E, Prentice R L, Manson J E, Wu L, Barad D, Barnabei V M, Ko M, LaCroix A Z, Margolis K L, Stefanick M L. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and risk of cardiovascular disease by age and years since menopause. JAMA 2007; 297: 1465–1477
  • Manson J, Allison M A, Rossouw J E, Carr J J, Langer R D, Hsia J, Kuller L H, Cochrane B B, Hunt J R, Ludlam S E, et al. WHI and WHI-CACS Investigators. Estrogen therapy and coronary-artery calcification. N Engl J Med 2007; 356: 2591–2602
  • Greenland P, Bonow R O, Brundage B H, Budoff M J, Eisenberg M J, Grundy S M, Lauer M S, Post W S, Raggi P, Redberg R F, et al. American College of Cardiology Foundation Clinical Expert Consensus Task Force (ACCF/AHA Writing Committee to Update the 2000 Expert Consensus Document on Electron Beam Computed Tomography); Society of Atherosclerosis Imaging and Prevention; Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography. ACCF/AHA 2007 clinical expert consensus document on coronary artery calcium scoring by computed tomography in global cardiovascular risk assessment and in evaluation of patients with chest pain: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Clinical Expert Consensus Task Force (ACCF/AHA Writing Committee to Update the 2000 Expert Consensus Document on Electron-Beam Computed Tomography). Circulation 2007; 115: 402–426
  • Pare G, Krust A, Karas R H, Dupont S, Aronovitz M, Chambon P, Mendelsohn M E. Estrogen receptor α mediates the protective effects of estrogen against vascular injury. Circ Res 2002; 90: 1087–1092
  • Zhu Y, Bian Z, Lu P, Bao L, Cox D, Hodgin J, Shaul P W, Thoren P, Smithies O, Gustafsson J A, et al. Abnormal vascular function and hypertension in mice deficient in estrogen receptor β. Science 2002; 295: 505–508
  • North American Menopause Society. Estrogen and progestogen use in peri- and postmenopausal women: March 2007 position statement of The North American Menopause Society. Menopause 2007; 14: 168–182
  • IMS Updated Recommendations on Postmenopausal hormone therapy. Climateric 2007; 10: 181–194, Available at: http://www.imsociety.org/PDF/IMS_PressStatement-April3-2007.pdf?PHPSESSID=8907ae72178e2d183aca7e950f265685

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.