Advanced search
Publication Cover
Platelets Volume 9, 1998 - Issue 5
Submit an article Journal homepage
38
Views
10
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Is clopidogrel markedly superior to aspirin in patients with peripheral vascular disease?

D. P. Mikhailidis I. A. Jagroop Department of Chemical Pathology and Human Metabolism, Royal Free Hospital and School of Medicine, University of London, Pond street, London NW3 2QG, UK.
Pages 273-278 | Published online: 07 Jul 2009

  • Leng GC, Fowkes FGR, Lee AJ, Dunbar J, Housley E, Ruckley CV. Use of the ankle brachial pressure index to predict cardiovascular events and death: a cohort study. Br Med J 1996; 313: 1440-4.
  • Walters TK. Mitchell DC. Wood RF. Low-dose aspirin fails to inhibit increased platelet reactivity in patients with peripheral vascular disease. Br J Surg 1993; 80: 1266-8.
  • Barradas MA, Stansby G, Hamilton G, Mikhailidis DP. Diminished platelet yield and enhanced platelet aggregability in platelet-rich plasma of peripheral vascular disease patients. Int Angiol 1994; 13: 202 -7.
  • Barradas MA, Stansby G, Hamilton G, Mikhailidis DP. Effect of naftidrofuryl and aspirin on platelet aggregation in peripheral vascular disease. In Vivo 1993; 7: 543 -8.
  • Trifiletti A, Barbera N, Pizzoleo MA et al. Hemostatic disorders associated with arterial hypertension and peripheral arterial disease. J Cardiovasc Surg 1995; 36: 483 -5.
  • Reininger CB, Reininger AJ, Steckmeier B, Greinacher A, Lasser R, Schweiberer L. Platelet response to vascular surgery - a preliminary study on the effect of aspirin and heparin. Thromb Res 1994; 76: 79-87.
  • Smith FB, Lowe GD, Fowkes FG et al. Smoking, haemostatic factors and lipid peroxides in a population case control study of peripheral arterial disease. Atherosclerosis 1993; 102: 155-62.
  • Sinzinger H, Virgolini I, Fitscha P. Platelet kinetics in patients with atherosclerosis. Thromb Res 1990; 57: 507-16.
  • Sinzinger H, Kaliman J, Fitscha P, O‘ Grady J. Diminished platelet residence time on active human atherosclerotic lesions in vivo -evidence for an optimal dose of aspirin? Prostagl Leukotr Essent Fatty Acids 1988; 34: 89-93.
  • Mikhailidis DP, Barradas MA, Jeremy JY, Gracey L, Wakeling A, Dandona P. Heparin-induced platelet aggregation in anorexia nevrosa and severe peripheral vascular disease. Eur J Clin Invest 1985; 15: 313 -9.
  • CAPRIE steering committee. A randomised, blinded trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events. Lancet 1996; 348: 1329-39.
  • The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group. Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet 1994; 344: 1383 -9.
  • Sacks FM, Pfeffer MA, Moye LA et al. The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. N Engl J Med 1996; 335: 1001-9.
  • West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Group. West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study: Identification of high-risk groups and comparison with other cardiovascular intervention trials. Lancet 1996; 348: 1339 -42.
  • Antiplatelet Trialists‘ Collaboration. Collaborative overview of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy. I: Prevention of death, myocardial infarction and stroke by prolonged antiplatelet therapy in various categories of patients. Br Med J 1994; 308: 81-106.
  • Flores-Runk P, Raasch RH. Ticlopidine and antiplatelet therapy. Ann Pharmacother 1993; 27: 1090-8.
  • Samama CM, Bonnin P, Bonneau M et al. Comparative arterial antithrombotic activity of clopidogrel and acetylsalicylic acid in the pig. Thromb Haemostas 1992; 68: 500-5.
  • Herbert JM, Tissinier A, Defreyn G, Maffrand JP. Inhibitory effect of clopidogrel on platelet adhesion and intimal proliferation after arterial injury in rabbits. Arterioscler Thromb 1993; 13: 1171-9.
  • Defreyn G, Gachet C, Savi P, Driot F, Cazenave JP, Maffrand JP. Ticlopidine and clopidogrel (SR 25990C) selectively neutralize ADP inhibition of PGE1-activated platelet adenylate cyclase in rats and rabbits. Thromb Haemostas 1991; 65: 186 -90.
  • Umemura K, Ishihara H, Nakashima M . Anti-platelet effects of clopidogrel in rat middle cerebral artery thrombosis model. Thromb Res 1995; 80: 209 -16.
  • Hirata Y, Umemura K, Uematsu T, Nakashima M. An experimental myocardial infarction model in the rat and its properties. Jap J Pharmacol 1995; 67: 51-7.
  • Yao SK, McNatt J, Cui K et al. Combined ADP and thromboxane A2 antagonism prevents cyclic flow variations in stenosed and endothelium-injured arteries in nonhuman primates. Circulation 1993; 88: 2888-93.
  • Packham MA. Role of platelets in thrombosis and haemostasis. Canad J Physiol Pharmacol 1994; 72: 278 -84.
  • Saniabadi AR, Lowe GD, Barbenel JC, Forbes CD. Further studies on the effect of red blood cells in spontaneous platelet aggregation. Thromb Res 1985; 38: 225 -32.
  • Paulsen EP, McClung NM, Sabio H. Some characteristics of spontaneous platelet aggregation in young insulin-dependent diabetic subjects. Hormone Metab Res 1981; 11 Suppl.: 15-21.
  • Saniabadi AR, Lowe GD, Barbenel JC, Forbes CD. A comparison of spontaneous platelet aggregation in whole blood with platelet rich plasma: additional evidence for the role of ADP. Thromb Haemostas 1984; 51: 115 -8.
  • Mikhailidis DP, Jagroop IA, Ganotakis ES, Knight CJ, Goodall AH. Low molecular weight heparin during instability in coronary artery disease. Lancet 1996; 347: 1191.
  • Chronos NA, Wilson DJ, Janes SL, Hutton RA, Buller NP, Goodall AH. Aspirin does not affect the flow cytometric detection of fibrinogen binding to, or release of alpha-granules or lysosomes from, human platelets. Clin Sci 1994; 87: 575 -80.
  • Smith JA, Henderson AH, Randall MD. Endothelium-derived relaxing factor, prostanoids and endothelins. In: Bloom AL, Forbes CD, Thomas DP, Tuddenham EGD, eds. Haemostatsis and Thrombosis, 3rd edn. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1994; 259-85.
  • Sixma JJ. Interaction of blood platelets with the vessel wall. In: Bloom AL, Forbes CD, Thomas DF, Tuddenham EGD eds. Haemostatsis and Thrombosis, 3rd edn. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1994; 259-85.
  • Barradas MA, Gill DS, Fonseca VA, Mikhailidis DP, Dandona P. Intraplatelet serotonin in patients with diabetes mellitus and peripheral vascular disease. Eur J Clin Invest1988;18: 399-404.
  • Cheshire NJW, Wolfe JHN, Barradas MA, Chambler AW, Mikhai-lidis DP. Smoking and plasma fibrinogen, lipoprotein (a) and serotonin are markers for postoperative infrainguinal graft stenosis. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 1996; 11: 479 -86.
  • Mazoyer E, Ripoll L, Boisseau MR, Drouet L. How does ticlopidine lower fibrinogen? Thromb Res 1994; 75: 361-70.
  • Aukland A, Hurlow RA, George AJ, Stuart J. Platelet inhibition with ticlopidine in atherosclerotic intermittent claudication. J Clin Pathol 1982; 35: 740-3.
  • Conard J, Lecrurbier C, Scarabin PY et al. Effects of long-term administration of ticlopidine on platelet function and hemostatic variables. Thromb Res 1980; 20: 143 -8.
  • Palareti G, Poggi M, Torricelli P, Balestra V, Coccheri S. Long-term effects of ticlopidine on fibrinogen and haemorheology in patients with peripheral arterial diseases. Thromb Res 1988; 52: 621-9.
  • Ernst E, Resch KL. Therapeutic interventions to lower plasma fibrinogen concentration. Eur Heart J1995; 16(Suppl. A): 47-53.
  • Koenig W. Recent progress in the clinical aspects of fibrinogen. Eur Herat J 1995; 16(Suppl. A): 54-9.
  • Heinrich J, Balleisen L, Schulte H et al. Fibrinogen and factor VII in the prediction of coronary risk. Results from the PROCAM study in healthy men. Arterioscler Thromb 1994; 14: 54 -9.
  • Meade TW, Mellows S, Brozovic M et al. Haemostatic function and ischaemic heart disease: principal results of the Northwick Park Heart study. Lancet 1986; 2: 533-7.
  • Wilhelmsen L, Svardsudd K, Korsan-Bengtsen K et al. Fibrinogen as a risk factor for stroke and myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1984; 311: 501-5.
  • Kannel WB, Wolf PA, Castelli WP, D‘ Agostino RBD. Fibrinogen and risk of cardiovascular disease. J Am Med Assoc 1987; 258: 1183-6.
  • Thompson SG, Kienast J, Pike SDM et al. Hemostatic factors and the risk of myocardial infarction or sudden death in patients with angina pectoris. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 635 -41.
  • Benderly M, Graff E, Reicher-Reiss H et al. Fibrinogen is a predictor of mortality in coronary heart disease patients. Arter-ioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1996; 16: 351-6.
  • Fowkes FG. Fibrinogen and peripheral arterial disease. Eur Heart J 1995; 16(Suppl A): 36 -41.
  • Meade TW, Vickers MV, Thompson SG, Stirling Y, Haines AP, Miller GJ. Epidemiological characteristics of platelet aggreg-ability. Br Med J 1985; 290: 428-32.
  • Mikhailidis DP, Barradas MA, Maris A, Jeremy JY, Dandona P. Fibrinogen mediated activation of platelet aggregation and throm-boxane A2 release: implications in vascular disease. J Clin Pathol 1985; 38: 1166-71.
  • Thaulow E, Erikssen J, Sandvik L, Storkmoren H et al. Blood platelet count and function are related to total and cardiovascular death in apparently healthy men. Circulation 1991; 84: 613-7.
  • Trip MD, Cats VM, van Capelle FJL, Vreeken J. Platelet hyperractivity and prognosis in survivors of myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1990; 332: 1549 -54.
  • Martin JF, Bath PM, Burr ML. Influence of platelet size on outcome after myocardial infarction. Lancet1991;338: 1409-11.
  • Dormandy JA, Gutteridge JMC, Hoare E, Dormandy TL. Effect of clofibrate on blood viscosity in intermittent claudication. Br Med J 1974; 4: 259-62.
  • Arcan JC, Blanchard JF, Boissel JP, Destors JM, Panak EA. Multicenter double-blind study of ticlopidine in the treatment of intermittent claudication and the prevention of its complications. Angiology 1988; 39: 802-11.
  • Janzon L, Bergqvist D, Boberg J et al. Prevention of myocardial infarction and stroke in patients with intermittent claudication: effects of ticlopidine. Results from STIMS, the Swedish Ticlopi-dine Multicentre Study. J Intern Med 1990; 227: 301-8.
  • Boissel JP, Peyrieux JC, Destors JM . Is it possible to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in subjects suffering from intermittent claudication of the lower limbs? Thromb Haemostas 1989; 62: 681-5.
  • Lowe GDO, Lee AJ, Rumley A, Price JF, Fowkes FGR. Blood viscosity and risk of cardiovascular events: the Edinburgh Artery Study. Br J Haematol 1997; 96: 168-73.
  • Mikhailidis DP, Winder AF. A place for fibrinogen-lowering drugs in cardiovascular disease? J Drug Develop Clin Pract 1995; 7: 3-5.
  • Schomig A, Neumann F-J, Kastrati A et al. A randomized comparison of anti-platelet and anticoagulant therapy after the placement of coronary-artery stents. N Engl J Med 1996; 334: 1084-9.
  • Topol EJ. Caveats about elective coronary stenting. N Engl J Med 1994; 331: 539-41.
  • Califf RM. Restenosis: the cost to society. Am Heart J 1995; 130(3 Pt. 2): 680 -4.
  • van Beusekom HM, van der Giessen WJ, van Suylen R, Bos E, Bosman FT, Serruys PW. Histology after stenting of human saphenous vein bypass grafts: observations from surgically excised grafts 3 to 320 days after stent implantation. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993; 21: 45-54.
  • Barradas MA, Mikhailidis DP. Serotonin, histamine and platelets in vascular disease with special reference to peripheral vascular disease. Braz J Med Biol Res 1992; 25: 1063-76.
  • Nemecek G, Coughlin SR, Handley DA, Moskowitz MA. Stimulation of aortic smooth muscle cell mitogenesis by serotonin. PNAS 1986; 83: 674 -8.
  • Caplice NM, Aroney CN, Bett JHN, Cameron J, Campbell JH, Hoffman N, McEniery PT, West MJ. Growth factors released into the coronary circulation after vascular injury promote proliferation of human vascular smooth muscle cells in culture. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997; 29: 1536-41.
  • Gregorini L, Marco J, Fajadet J et al. Ticlopidine and aspirin pretreatment reduces coagulation and platelet activation during coronary dilation procedures. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997; 29: 13-20.
  • Wiseman S, Kenchington G, Dain R et al. Influence of smoking and plasma factors on patency of femoropopliteal vein grafts. Br Med J 1989; 299: 643-6.
  • Wiseman S, Powell J, Greenhalgh R et al. The influence of smoking and plasma factors on patency of prosthetic graft patency. Eur J Vasc Surgery 1990; 4: 57-61.
  • Banerjee AK, Pearson J, Gilliland EL et al. A six-year prospective study of fibrinogen and other risk factors associated with mortality in stable claudicants. Thromb Haemostas 1992; 68: 261-3.
  • Smith EB. Transport, interactions and retention of plasma proteins in the intima. Eur Heart J 1990; 11(Suppl. E): 72 -81.
  • Naito M, Hayashi T, Kuzuya M et al. Effects of fibrinogen and fibrin on the migration of vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro. Atherosclerosis 1990; 83: 9 -14.
  • Daida H, Lee YJ, Yokoi H et al. Prevention of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty by reducing lipoprotein (a) levels with low-density lipoprotein apheresis. Low-density Lipoprotein Apheresis Angioplasty Restenosis Trial (L-ART) Group. Am J Cardiol 1994; 73: 1037-40.
  • Slunga L, Asplund K, Johnson O, Dahlen GH. Lipoprotein (a) in randomly selected 25 -64 year old population: the Northern Sweden MONICA study. J Clin Epidemiol 1993; 46: 617-24.
  • Heinrich J, Sandkamp M, Kokott R, Schulte H, Assmann G. Relationship of lipoprotein (a) to variables of coagulation and fibrinolysis in a healthy population. Clin Chem 1991; 37: 1950-4.
  • Mikhailidis DP, Spyropoulos KA, Ganotakis ES, Jagroop IA, Vallance DT, Byrne D, Winder AF. Fibrinogen and lipoprotein (a): associations in a population attending a cardiovascular risk clinic and effect of treatment with ciprofibrate. Fibrinolysis 1996; 10(Suppl. 1): 17.
  • Spinler SA, Cziraky M. Lipoprotein (a): Physiologic function, association with atherosclerosis, and effects of lipid-lowering therapy. Ann Pharmacother 1994; 28: 343 -51.
  • Ganotakis ES, Mikhailidis DP. Bezafibrate: treating hyperlipide-mias as well as other cardiovascular risk factors. Today‘s Therap Trends 1996; 13: 231-49.
  • Coumar A, Gill JK, Barradas MA, O‘ Donoghue S, Jeremy JY, Mikhailidis DP. The effect of treatment with simvastatin on platelet function indices in hypercholesterolaemia. J Drug Develop 1991; 4: 79 -86.
  • Simpson HCR, Mann JI, Meade TW, Chakrabarti R, Stirling Y, Woolf L. Hypertriglyceridaemia and hypercoagulability. Lancet 1983; i: 786 -90.
  • Halle M, Berg A, Keul J, Baumstark MW. Association between serum fibrinogen concentration and HDL and LDL sub-fraction phenotypes in healthy men. Arterioscl Thromb Vasc Biol 1996; 16: 144-8.
  • Uchiyama S, Yamazaki M, Maruyama S, Handa M, Ikeda Y, Fukuyama M. Shear-induced platelet aggregation in cerebral ischemia. Stroke 1994; 25: 1547-51.
  • Tanahashi N, Fukuuchi Y, Tomita M, Matsuoka S, Takeda H. Ticlopidine improves the enhanced erythrocyte aggregability in patients with cerebral infarction. Stroke 1993; 24: 1083-6.
  • Rocca B, FitzGerald GA. Simply read: erythrocytes modulate platelet function. Should we rethink the way we give aspirin? Circulation 1997; 95: 11-3.
  • Jeremy JY, Mehta D, Bryan AJ, Lewis D, Angelini GD. Platelets and saphenous vein graft failure following coronary artery bypass surgery. Platelets 1997; 8: 295-309.
  • Mikhailidis DP, Ganotakis ES. Risk factors for restenosis following angioplasty or bypass. Intervention Cardiol 1997; 8: 2 -7.
  • Ridker PM, Cushman M, Stampfer MJ, Tracy RP, Hennekens CH. Inflammation, aspirin, and the risk of cardiovascular disease in apparently healthy men. N Engl J Med 1997; 336: 973-9.
  • Grau AJ, Buggle F, Becher H, Werle E, Hacke W. The association of leukocyte count, fibrinogen and C-reactive protein with vascular risk factors and ischaemic vascular disease. Thromb Res 1996; 82: 245-55.
  • Camargo CA, Stampfer MJ, Glynn RJ et al. Prospective study of moderate alcohol consumption and risk of peripheral arterial disease in US male physicians. Circulation 1997; 95: 577-80.
  • Mikhailidis DP, Jeremy JY, Barradas MA, Green N, Dandona P. The effect of ethanol on vascular prostacyclin synthesis, platelet aggregation and platelet thromboxane release. Br Med J 1983; 287: 1495-8.
  • Hass WK, Easton JD, Adams HP Jr. A randomized trial comparing ticlopidine hydrochloride with aspirin for the prevention of stroke in high risk patients. N Engl J Med 1989; 321: 501-7.
  • Gent M, Blakely JD, Easton JD et al. The Canadian-American Ticlopidine Study (CATS) in thromboembolic stroke. Lancet 1989; II: 1215-20.
  • Becquemin J-P. Effect of ticlopidine on the long-term patency of saphenous-vein bypass grafts in the legs. N Engl J Med 1997; 337: 1726-31.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Order Reprints Request Corporate Permissions

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

Request Academic Permissions

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.