An investigation of the effects of TETRA RF fields on intracellular calcium in neurones and cardiac myocytes

References

• Adey W R, Bawin S M, Lawrence A F. Effects of weak amplitude-modulated microwave fields on calcium efflux from awake cat cerebral cortex. Bioelectromagnetics 1982; 3: 295–307
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Advisory Group on Nonionising Radiation. Possible health effects from terrestrial trunked radio (TETRA). Report of an advisory group on nonionising radiation documents of the NRPB 2001; 12(2)1–40
   Google Scholar
• Albert E N, Slaby F, Roche J, Loftus J. Effect of amplitude modulated 147 MHz radiofrequency radiation on calcium ion efflux from avian brain tissue. Radiation Research 1987; 109: 19–27
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bawin S M, Adey W R. Sensitivity of calcium binding in cerebral tissue to weak environmental electric fields oscillating of low frequency. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 1976; 73: 1999–2003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bawin S M, Kaczmarek L K, Adey W R. Effects of modulated VHF fields on the central nervous system. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1975; 247: 74–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berridge M J. The endoplasmic reticulum: A multifunctional signaling organelle. Cell Calcium 2002; 32: 235–249
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berridge M J. Cardiac calcium signalling. Biochemical Society Transactions 2003; 31: 930–933
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Berridge M J, Lipp P, Bootman M D. The versatility and universality of calcium signalling. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 2000; 1: 11–21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blackman C F, Benane S G, House D E. The influence of temperature during electric- and magnetic-field-induced alteration of calcium-ion release from in vitro brain tissue. Bioelectromagnetics 1991; 12: 173–182
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blackman C F, Benane S G, Elder J A, House D E, Lampe J A, Faulk J M. Induction of calcium-ion efflux from brain tissue by radiofrequency radiation: Effect of sample number and modulation frequency on the power-density window. Bioelectromagnetics 1980a; 1: 35–43
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Blackman C F, Benane S G, Joines W T, Hollis M A, House D E. Calcium-ion efflux from brain tissue: Power-density versus internal field intensity dependencies at 50-MHz RF radiation. Bioelectromagnetics 1980b; 1: 277–283
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Blackman C F, Elder J A, Weil C M, Benane S G, Eichinger D C, House D E. Induction of calcium ion efflux from brain tissue by radio frequency radiation: Effects of modulation frequency and field strength. Radio Science Supplement 1979; 14: 93–98
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blackman C F, Joines W T, Elder J A. Calcium ion efflux induction in brain tissue by radiofrequency radiation. Biological effects of non-ionizing radiation, K H Illinger, 1981; 299–314
   Google Scholar
• Blackman C F, Kinney L S, House D E, Joines W T. Multiple power-density windows and their possible origin. Bioelectromagnetics 1989; 10: 115–128
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blackwell R P, Saunders R D. The effects of low-level radiofrequency and microwave radiation on brain tissue and animal behaviour. International Journal of Radiation Biology 1986; 50: 761–787
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CENELEC. Basic standard to demonstrate the compliance of handheld mobile phones with the basic restrictions related to human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields. 2001a, CENELEC EN:50630:2001
   Google Scholar
• CENELEC. Product standard to demonstrate the compliance of handheld mobile phones with the basic restrictions related to human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields. 2001b, CENELEC EN:50631:2001
   Google Scholar
• Cranfield C G, Wood A W, Anderson V, Menezes K G. Effects of mobile phone type signals on calcium levels within human leukaemic T-cells (Jurkat cells). International Journal of Radiation Biology 2001; 77: 1207–1217
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunlop J, Girman D, Irvine J. Digital mobile communications and the TETRA system. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK 2002
   Google Scholar
• Dutta S K, Das K, Ghosh B, Blackman C F. Dose dependence of acetylcholinesterase activity in neuroblastoma cells exposed to modulated radio-frequency electromagnetic radiation. Bioelectromagnetics 1992; 13: 317–322
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dutta S K, Ghosh B, Blackman C F. Radiofrequency radiation-induced calcium ion efflux from human and other neuroblastoma cells in culture. Bioelectromagnetics 1989; 10: 197–202
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dutta S K, Subramoniam A, Ghosh B, Parshad R. Microwave radiation-induced calcium ion efflux from human neuroblastoma cells in culture. Bioelectromagnetics 1984; 5: 71–76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gabriel C, Chan T YA, Grant E H. Admittance models for open-ended coaxial probes and their place in dielectric-spectroscopy. Physics in Medicine and Biology 1994; 39: 2183–2200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham M E, Burgoyne R D. Effects of calcium-channel antagonists on calcium-entry and glutamate release from cultured rat cerebellar granule cells. Journal of Neurochemistry 1995; 65: 2517–2524
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green A C, Nakanishi K, Usherwood P NR. Polyamine amides are neuroprotective in cerebellar granule cultures challenged with excitatory amino acids. Brain Research 1996; 717: 135–146
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greengard P, Douglas W W, Nairn A C, Nesler E J, Ritchie J M. Effects of electromagnetic radiation on calcium in the brain. Aeromedicine Review 1982; 2(82), [SAM-TR-82-15]
   Google Scholar
• Grynkiewicz G, Poenie M, Tsien R Y. A new generation of Ca2 + indicators with greatly improved fluorescence properties. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1985; 260: 3440–3450
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrold J, Ritchie J, Nicholls D, Smith W, Bowman D, Pocock J. The development of Ca2 + channel responses and their coupling to exocytosis in cultured cerebellar granule cells. Neuroscience 1997; 77: 683–694
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hofer A M, Brown E M. Extracellular calcium sensing and signalling. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 2003; 4: 530–538
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ICNIRP. Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields (up to 300GHz). Health Physics 1998; 74: 494–522
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ihrig I, Heese C, Glaser R. Alterations of intracellular calcium concentration in mice neuroblastoma cells by electric field and UVA. Bioelectromagnetics 1997; 18: 595–597
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Independent Expert Group on Mobile Phones. Mobile phones and health. Report of an Independent Expert Group on Mobile Phones (Chairman Sir William Stewart). NRPB, Chilton 2000
   Google Scholar
• Jacobson J, Duchen M R. Interplay between mitochondria and cellular calcium signalling. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry 2004; 256: 209–218
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liddle C G, Blackman C F. Endocrine, physiological and biochemical effects. Biological effects of radiofrequency radiation, J A Elder, D F Cahill. Health Effect Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, North Carolina 1984; 5-79–5-93
   Google Scholar
• Linz K W, von Westphalen C, Streckert J, Hansen V, Meyer R. Membrane potential and currents of isolated heart muscle cells exposed to pulsed radio frequency fields. Bioelectromagnetics 1999; 20: 497–511
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McKinlay A F, Allen S G, Cox R, Dimbylow P J, Mann S M, Muirhead C R, Saunders R D, Sienkiewicz Z J, Stather J W, Wainwright P R. Review of the scientific evidence for limiting exposure to electromagnetic fields (0 – 300 GHz). 2004, Documents of the NRPB: Vol. 4, No. 3
   Google Scholar
• Mckinlay A F, Allen S G, Dimbylow P J, Muirhead C R, Saunders R D, Stather J W. Restrictions on human exposure to static and time varying electromagnetic fields and radiation. 1993, Documents of the NRPB: Vol. 4, No. 5
   Google Scholar
• Merritt J H, Shelton W W, Chamness A F. Attempts to alter Ca-452 + binding to brain tissue with pulse- modulated microwave energy. Bioelectromagnetics 1982; 3: 475–478
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer R, Hambach U, Achenbach F, Linz K W. The influence of amplitude-modulated radiofrequency fields on the calcium current into human neuroblastoma cells. Bioelectromagnetics Society Abstracts 1998; 20: 38–39
   Google Scholar
• Morgan A J, Thomas A P. Single cell and subcellular measurement of intracellular Ca2 + concentration ([Ca2 + ]i). Calcium signalling protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology, D G Lambert. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ 1999; 114: 93–123
   Google Scholar
• Myers R D, Ross D H. Radiation and brain calcium. A review and critique. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 1981; 5: 503–543
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roe M W, Lemasters J J, Herman B. Assessment of Fura-2 for measurements of cytosolic free calcium. Cell Calcium 1990; 11: 63–73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz J -L, House D E, Mealing G AR. Exposure of frog hearts to CW or amplitude-modulated VHF fields: Selective efflux of calcium ions at 16Hz. Bioelectromagnetics 1990; 11: 349–358
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz J -L, Mealing G AR. Calcium-ion movement and contractility in atrial strips of frog heart are not affected by low-frequency-modulated, 1GHz electromagnetic radiation. Bioelectromagnetics 1993; 14: 521–533
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shelton W W, Jr, Merritt J H. In vitro study of microwave effects on calcium efflux in rat brain tissue. Bioelectromagnetics 1981; 2: 161–167
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tattersall J EH, Scott I R, Wood S J, Nettell J J, Bevir M K, Wang Z, Somasiri N P, Chen X. Effects of low intensity radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on electrical activity in rat hippocampal slices. Brain Research 2001; 904: 43–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verkhratsky A. The endoplasmic reticulum and neuronal calcium signalling. Cell Calcium 2002; 32: 393–404
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wolke S, Neibig U, Elsner R, Gollnick F, Meyer R. Calcium homeostasis of isolated heart muscle cells exposed to pulsed high-frequency electromagnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics 1996; 17: 144–153
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar