Subcellular S-factors for low-energy electrons: A comparison of Monte Carlo simulations and continuous-slowing-down calculations

References

• Bardies M, Lame J, Myers M J, Simoen J P. A simplified approach to beta dosimetry for small spheres labelled on the surface. Physics in Medicine and Biology 1990; 35: 1039–1050
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bardies M, Pihet P. Dosimetry and microdosimetry of targeted radiotherapy. Current Pharmaceutical Design 2000; 6: 1469–1502
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berger M J. MIRD Pamphlet no. 7: Distribution of absorbed doses around point sources of electrons and beta particles in water and other media. The Journal of Nuclear Medicine 1971; 12: 5–23
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Berger M J. Improved point kernels for electrons and beta-ray dosimetry NBSIR-73-107. 1973, Gaithersburg MD, National Bureau of Standards
   Google Scholar
• Bolch W E, Bouchet L G, Robertson J S, Wessels B W, Siegel J A, Howell R W, Erdi A K, Aydogan B, Costes S, Watson E E. MIRD Pamphlet No. 17: The dosimetry of nonuniform activity distributions-radionuclide S values at the voxel level. The Journal of Nuclear Medicine 1999; 40: 11S–36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolch W E, Kim E-H. Calculations of electron single event distributions for use in internal beta microdosimetry. Radiation Protection Dosimetry 1994; 52: 77–80
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brans B, Linden O, Giammarile F, Tennvall J, Punt C. Clinical applications of newer radionuclide therapies. European Journal of Cancer 2006; 42: 994–1003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charlton D E. The range of high LET effects from I-125 decays. Radiation Research 1986; 107: 163–171
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho S H, Vassiliev O N, Horton J L. Comparison between an event-by-event Monte Carlo code, NOREC, and ETRAN for electron scaled point kernels between 20 keV and 1 MeV. Radiation and Environmental Biophysics 2007; 46: 77–83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cole A. Absorption of 20-eV to 50,000-eV electron beams in air and plastic. Radiation Research 1969; 38: 7–33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cross W G, Freedman N O, Wong P Y. Beta-ray dose distributions from point sources in an infinite water medium. Health Physics 1992; 63: 160–171
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emfietzoglou D, Bousis C, Hindorf C, Fotopoulos A, Pathak A, Kostarelos K. A Monte-Carlo study of energy deposition at the sub-cellular level for application to targeted radionuclide therapy with low-energy electron emitters. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B: Beam Interactions with Materials & Atoms 2007; 256: 547–553
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emfietzoglou D, Cucinotta F A, Nikjoo H. A complete dielectric response model for liquid water: A solution of the Bethe ridge problem. Radiation Research 2005b; 164: 202–211
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emfietzoglou D, Karava K, Papamichael G, Moscovitch M. Monte Carlo simulation of the energy loss of low-energy electrons in liquid water. Physics in Medicine and Biology 2003; 48: 2355–2371
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emfietzoglou D, Nikjoo H. The effect of model approximations on single-collision distributions of low-energy electrons in liquid water. Radiation Research 2005; 163: 98–111
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emfietzoglou D, Nikjoo H. Accurate electron inelastic cross sections and stopping powers for liquid water over the 0.1–10 keV range based on an improved dielectric description of the Bethe surface. Radiation Research 2007; 167: 110–120
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emfietzoglou D, Papamichael G, Androulidakis I, Karava K, Kostarelos K, Pathak A, Moscovitch M. A Monte-Carlo study of sub-keV electron transport in water: the influence of the condensed phase. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B: Beam Interactions with Materials & Atoms 2005a; 228: 341–348
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emfietzoglou D, Papamichael G, Kostarelos K, Moscovitch M. A Monte Carlo track structure code for electrons (10 eV–10 keV) and protons (0.3–10 MeV) in water: Partitioning of energy and collisions events. Physics in Medicine and Biology 2000b; 45: 3171–3194
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emfietzoglou D, Papamichael G, Moscovitch M. An event-by-event computer simulation of interactions of energetic charged particles and all their secondary electrons in water. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 2000a; 33: 932–944
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faraggi M, Gardin I, Stievenart J-L, Bok B D, Le Guludec D. Comparison of cellular and conventional dosimetry in assessing self-dose and cross-dose delivered to the cell nucleus by electron emissions of 99mTC, 123I, 111I, 67Ga, 201Tl. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine 1998; 25: 205–214
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ferre L, Chouin N, Bitar A, Lisbona A, Bardies M. Implementing dosimetry in GATE: dose-point kernel validation with GEANT4 4.8.1. Cancer Biotherapy & Radiopharmaceutical 2007; 22: 125–129
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ftacnikova S, Bohm R. Monte Carlo calculations of energy deposition in DNA for Auger emitters. Radiation Protection Dosimetry 2000a; 92: 269–278
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ftacnikova S, Bohm R. Monte Carlo calculations of energy deposition on cellular, multicellular and organ level for Auger emitters. Radiation Protection Dosimetry 2000b; 92: 279–288
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gardin I, Faraggi M, Hue E, Bok B D. Modelling of the relationship between cell dimensions and mean electron dose delivered to the cell nucleus: Application to five radionuclides used in nuclear medicine. Physics in Medicine and Biology 1995; 40: 1001–1014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goddu S M, Howell R G, Bouchet L G, Bolch W E, Rao D V. MIRD cellular S values. 1997, Reston VA, Society of Nuclear Medicine
   Google Scholar
• Goddu S M, Howell R W, Rao D V. Cellular dosimetry: Absorbed fractions for monoenergetic electron and alpha particle sources and S-factors for radionuclides uniformly distributed in different cell compartments. The Journal of Nuclear Medicine 1994a; 35: 303–316
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goddu S M, Rao D V, Howell R W. Multicellular dosimetry for micrometastases: Dependence of self-dose versus cross-dose to cell nuclei on type and energy of radiation and subcellular distribution of radionuclides. The Journal of Nuclear Medicine 1994b; 35: 521–530
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldenberg D. The role of radiolabeled antibodies in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: The coming of age of radioimmunotherapy. Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology 2001; 39: 195–201
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grosswendt B, Waibel E. Transport of low energy electrons in nitrogen and air. Nuclear Instruments and Methods 1978; 155: 145–156
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartman T, Lundqvist H, Westlin J-E, Carlsson J. Radiation doses to the cell nucleus in single cells and cells in micrometastases in targeted therapy with 131I labeled ligands or antibodies. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics 2000; 46: 1025–1036
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hindorf C, Emfietzoglou D, Linden O, Bousis C, Fotopoulos A, Kostarelos K, Flux G. Single cell dosimetry for radioimmunotherapy of B-cell lymphoma patients with special reference to leukaemic spread. Cancer Biotherapy & Radiopharmaceuticals 2007; 22: 357–366
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hindorf C, Emfietzoglou D, Linden O, Kostarelos K, Strand S-E. Internal microdosimetry for single cells in radioimmunotherapy of B-cell lymphoma. Cancer Biotherapy & Radiopharmaceuticals 2005; 20: 224–230
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howell R W, Rao D V, Sastry K SR. Macroscopic dosimetry for radioimmunotherapy: nonuniform activity distributions in solid tumors. Medical Physics 1989; 16: 66–74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Humm J L, Howell R W, Rao D V. Dosimetry of Auger-electron-emitting radionuclides: Report no. 3 of AAPM Nuclear Medicine Task Group No. 6. Medical Physics 1994; 21: 1901–1915
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Humm J L, Roeske J C, Fisher D R, Chen G TY. Microdosimetry concepts in radioimmunotherapy. Medical Physics 1993; 20: 535–541
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Itikawa Y, Mason N. Cross sections for electron collisions with water molecules. Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 2005; 34: 1–22
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jhanwar Y S, Divgi C. Current status of therapy of solid tumors. The Journal of Nuclear Medicine 2005; 46: 141S–150
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jungerman J A, Yu K-H P, Zanelli C I. Radiation absorbed dose estimates at the cellular level for some electron-emitting radionuclides for radioimmunotherapy. International Journal of Applied Radiation and Isotopes 1984; 35: 883–888
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kassis A I. The amazing world of Auger electrons. International Journal of Radiation Biology 2004; 80: 789–803
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kassis A I, Adelstein S J. Radiobiologic principles in radionuclide therapy. The Journal of Nuclear Medicine 2005; 46: 4S–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim Y-K. Angular distributions of secondary electrons in the dipole approximation. Physical Review A 1972; 6: 666–670
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LaVerne J A, Mozumder A. Effect of phase on the stopping and range distribution of low-energy electrons in water. Journal of Physical Chemistry 1986; 90: 3242–3247
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mariani G, Bodei L, Adelstein S J, Kassis A I. Emerging roles for radiometabolic therapy of tumors based on Auger electron emission. The Journal of Nuclear Medicine 2000; 41: 1519–1521
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milenic D E, Brady E D, Brechbiel M W. Antibody-targeted radiation cancer therapy Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 2004; 3: 488–498
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nahum A E. Microdosimetry and radiocurability: Modelling targeted therapy with β-emitters. Physics in Medicine and Biology 1996; 41: 1957–1972
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nikjoo H, Martin R F, Charlton D E, Terrissol M, Kandaiya S, Lobachevsky P. Modelling of Auger-induced DNA damage by incorporated I-125. Acta Oncologica 1996; 35: 849–856
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nikjoo H, Terrissol M, Hamm R N, Turner J E, Uehara S, Paretzke H G, Goodhead D T. Comparison of energy deposition in small cylindrical volumes by electrons generated by Monte Carlo track structure codes for gaseous and liquid water. Radiation Protection Dosimetry 1994; 52: 165–169
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nikjoo H, Uehara S, Emfietzoglou D, Cucinotta F A. Track-structure codes in radiation research. Radiation Measurements 2006; 41: 1052–1074
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Donoghue J A. Implications of nonuniform tumor doses for radioimmunotherapy. The Journal of Nuclear Medicine 1999; 40: 1337–1341
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paretzke H G, Turner J E, Hamm R N, Wright H A, Ritchie R H. Calculated yields and fluctuations for electron degradation in liquid water and water vapour. Journal of Chemical Physics 1986; 84: 3182–3188
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pomplun E. A new DNA target model for track structure calculations and its first application to I-125 Auger electrons. International Journal of Radiation Biology 1991; 59: 625–642
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seltzer S M. Electron-photon Monte Carlo calculations: The ETRAN code. Applied Radiation and Isotopes 1991; 42: 917–941
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharkey R M, Goldenberg D M. Perspectives on cancer therapy with radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies. The Journal of Nuclear Medicine 2005; 46: 115S–127
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegel J A, Stabin M G. Absorbed fractions for electrons and beta particles in spheres of various sizes. The Journal of Nuclear Medicine 1994; 35: 152–156
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simpkin D J, Mackie T R. EGS4 Monte Carlo determination of the beta dose kernel in water. Medical Physics 1990; 17: 179–186
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sgouros G. Radioimmunotherapy of micrometastasis: Sidestepping the solid-tumor hurdle. The Journal of Nuclear Medicine 1995; 36: 1910–1912
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spencer L V. Theory of electron penetration. Physical Review 1955; 98: 1597–1615
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stabin M. Nuclear medicine dosimetry. Physics in Medicine and Biology 2006; 51: R187–202
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stabin M, Konijnenberg M W. Re-evaluation of absorbed fractions for photons and electrons in spheres of various sizes. The Journal of Nuclear Medicine 2000; 41: 149–160
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart R D, Wilson W E, McDonald J C, Strom D J. Microdosimetric properties of ionizing electrons in water: A test of the PENELOPE code system. Physics in Medicine and Biology 2002; 47: 79–88
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Syme A M, Kirkby C, Riauka T A, Fallone B G, McQuarrie S A. Monte Carlo investigation of single cell beta dosimetry for intraperitoneal radionuclide therapy. Physics in Medicine and Biology 2004; 49: 1959–1972
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torres-Garcia E, Garnica-Garza H M, Ferro-Flores G. Monte Carlo microdosimetry of 188Re- and 131I-labelled anti-CD20. Physics in Medicine and Biology 2006; 51: N349–356
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uehara S, Nikjoo H, Goodhead D T. Cross-sections for water vapour for the Monte Carlo electron track structure code from 10 eV to the MeV region. Physics in Medicine and Biology 1992; 37: 1841–1858
   Google Scholar
• Uehara S, Nikjoo H, Goodhead D T. Comparison and assessment of electron cross sections for Monte Carlo track structure codes. Radiation Research 1999; 152: 202–213
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wheldon T E. Targeting radiation to tumours. International Journal of Radiation Biology 1994; 65: 109–116
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wheldon T E, O'Donoghue J A, Barett A, Michalowski A S. The curability of tumors of differing size by targeted radiotherapy using 131I or 90Y. Radiotherapy and Oncology 1991; 21: 91–99
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson W E, Nikjoo H. A Monte-Carlo code for positive ion track simulation. Radiation and Environmental Biophysics 1999; 38: 97–104
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright H A, Hamm R N, Turner J E, Howell R W, Rao D V, Sastry K SR. Calculations of physical and chemical reactions with DNA in aqueous solution from Auger cascades. Radiation Protection Dosimetry 1990; 31: 59–62
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zweit J. Radionuclides and carrier molecules for therapy. Physics in Medicine and Biology 1996; 41: 1905–1914
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar