UV-radiation Protecting Efficacy of Thiols, Studied with UVA-induced Binding of 8-MOP and CPZ to Rat Epidermal Biomacromolecules _{in Vivo}

References

• Averbeck D. Recent advances in psoralen phototoxicity mechanisms. Photochemistry and Photobiology 1989; 50: 859–882
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barry B.W. Penetration enhancers. Mode of action in human skin. Pharmacology and the Skin, B. Schroot, H. Schaefer. Karger, Basel 1987; 121–137, In
   Google Scholar
• Bartek M.J., LaBudde J.A., Maibach H.I. Skin. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 1972; 58: 114–123
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barth J. Mouse screening test for evaluating protection to longwave ultraviolet radiation. British Journal of Dermatology 1978; 99: 357–360
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Beyersbergen van Henegouwen G.M.J., Wijn E.T., Schoonderwoerd S.A., Dall'Acqua F. A method for the determination of PUVA induced in vivo irreversible binding of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) to epidermal lipids, proteins and DNA/RNA. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, B: Biology 1989a; 3: 631–635
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Beyersbergen van Henegouwen G.M.J., Wijn E.T., Schoonderwoerd S.A., De Vries H., Dall'Acqua F. Singlet oxygen mediated photobinding of 8-methoxypsoralen to DNA and genotoxicity in E. coli. Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung 1989b; 44c: 819–823
   Google Scholar
• Beyersbergen van Henegouwen G.M.J., De Vries H., van den Broeke L.T., Junginger H.E. RRR-Tocopherols and their acetates as a possible scavenger of free radicals produced in the skin upon UVA-exposure. An in vivo screening method. Fat Science and Technology 1992; 94: 24–27
   Google Scholar
• Black H.S. Potential involvement of free radical reactions in ultraviolet light-mediated cutaneous damage. Photochemistry and Photobiology 1987; 46: 213–221
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buettner G.R., Motten A.G., Hall R.D., Chignell C.F. ESR detection of endogenous ascorbate free radical in mouse skin: enhancement of radical production during UV irradiation following topical application of chlorpromazine. Photochemistry and Photobiology 1987; 46: 161–164
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cadi R., Beani J.C., Jacrot M., Pinel N., Amblard P. UV-induced squamous cell carcinomas in the hairless mouse. Acta Dermato-Venereologica (Stockholm) 1991; 71: 32–36
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Connor M.J., Wheeler L.A. Depletion of cutaneous glutathione by ultraviolet radiation. Photochemistry and Photobiology 1987; 46: 239–245
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cunningham M.L., Krinsky N.I., Giovanazzi S.M., Peak M.J. Superoxide anion is generated from cellular metabolites by solar radiation and its components. Free Radical Biology & Medicine 1985; 1: 381–385
   Google Scholar
• Dall'Acqua F., Caffieri S., Rodighiero G. Photoreactions of furocoumarins (psoralens and angelicins). Primary Photo-Processes in Biology and Medicine, R.V. Bensasson, G. Jori, E.J. Land, T.G. Truscott. Plenum Press, New York 1984; 259–272, In
   Google Scholar
• Dupuis D., Rougier A., Roguet R., Lotte C., Kalopissis G. In vivo relationship between horny layer reservoir effect and percutaneous absorption in human and rat. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 1984; 82: 353–356
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elias P.M., Williams M.L., Maloney M.E., Bonifas J.A., Brown B.E., Grayson S., Epstein E.H., Jr. Stratum corneum lipids in disorders of cornifaction, Steroid sulfatase and cholesterol sulfate in normal desquamation and the pathogenesis of recessive x-linked ichthyosis. Journal of Clinical Investigation 1984; 74: 1414–1421
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Epstein J.H. Photocarcinogenesis, skin cancer, and aging. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 1983; 9: 487–502
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fabbro O. Acetylcysteine and its pharmaceutical and skin-cosmetic compositions for dermatological use. 1987, UK Patent Application GB2 180 153 A.
   Google Scholar
• Folsom J., Gange R.W., Mendelson I.R. Ornithine decarboxylase induction in psoralen-treated mouse epidermis used as a test of UV-A sunscreen potency. British Journal of Dermatology 1983; 108: 17–23
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gange R.W. Epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity and thymidine incorporation following treatment with ultraviolet A combined with topical 8-methoxypsoralen or anthracene in the hairless mouse. British Journal of Dermatology 1981; 105: 247–255
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Garmyn M., Sohrabvand N., Roelandts R. Modification of sunburn cell production in 8-MOP sensitized mouse epidermis: a method of assessing UVA sunscreen efficacy. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 1989; 92: 642–645
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Garmyn M., Roelandts R. Evaluating the UVA photoprotection of sunscreens with murine skin edema. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 1992; 98: 187–190
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hillebrand G.G., Winslow M.S., Benzinger M.J., Heitmeyer D.A., Bisset D.L. Acute and chronic ultraviolet radiation induction of epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity in hairless mice. Cancer Research 1990; 50: 1580–1584
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horio T., Okamoto H. Oxygen intermediates are involved in ultraviolet radiation-induced damage of Langerhans' cells. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 1987; 88: 699–702
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kagan V., Witt E., Goldman R., Scita G., Packer L. Ultraviolet light-induced generation of vitamin E radicals and their recycling. A possible photosensitizing effect of vitamin E in skin. Free Radical Research Communications 1992; 16: 51–64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim J.A., Baker D.G., Hahn S.S., Goodchild N.T., Constable W.C. Topical use of N-acetylcysteine for reduction of skin reaction to radiation therapy. Seminars in Oncology 1983; 10(Suppl. 1)86–88
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Klayman D.L., Copeland E.D. The design of antiradiation agents. Drugs Design, Vol. 6, E.Y. Ariens. Academic Press, New York 1975; 82–141, In
   Google Scholar
• Kligman L.H. Photoaging. Manifestations, prevention, and treatment. Dermatologic Clinics 1986; 4: 517–528
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kochevar I.E. Phototoxicity mechanisms: chlorpromazine photosensitized damage to DNA and cell membranes. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 1981; 76: 59–64
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kripke M.L., Pitcher H., Longstretch D. Potential carcinogenic impacts of stratospheric ozone depletion. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Carcinogenesis Reviews 1989; C7: 53–74
   Google Scholar
• Ljunggren B. Inhibition of ultraviolet and phototoxic dermatitis in the mouse. Acta Dermatovener (Stockholm) 1978; 58: 307–312
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ljunggren B., Möller H. Drug phototoxicity in mice. Acta Dermatovener (Stockholm) 1978; 58: 125–130
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loth H. Vehicular influence on transdermal drug penetration. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 1991; 68: 1–10
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowe N., Verma A.K., Boutwell R.K. Ultraviolet light induces epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 1978; 71: 417–418
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowry O.H., Rosebrough N.J., Farr A.L., Randall R.J. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1951; 193: 265–275
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin R.J., Denyer S.P., Hadgraft J. Skin metabolism of topically applied compounds. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 1987; 39: 23–32
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menon G.K., Grayson S., Elias P.M. Cytochemical and biochemical localization of lipase and spingomyelinase activity in mammalian epidermis. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 1986; 86: 591–597
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyachi Y., Horio T., Imamura S. Sunburn cell formation is prevented by scavenging oxygen intermediates. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology 1983; 8: 305–310
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morison W.L., Paul B.S., Parrish J.A. The effects of indomethacin on long-wave ultraviolet-induced delayed erythema. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 1977; 68: 120–133
   Google Scholar
• Motten A.G., Buettner G.R., Chignell C.F. Spectroscopic studies of cutaneous photosensitizing agents — VIII. A spin-trapping study of light induced free radicals from chlorpromazine and promazine. Photochemistry and Photobiology 1985; 42: 9–15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Musago L., Rodighiero G. The skin-photosensitizing furocoumarins. Experientia 1962; 18: 153–161
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nakamura G.R. Microdetection of phosphorus. Analytical Chemistry 1952; 24: 1372–1372
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakayama Y., Morikawa F., Fukuda M., Hamano M., Toda K., Pathak M.A. Monochromatic radiation and its application. Laboratory studies on the mechanism of erythema and pigmentation induced by psoralen. Sunlight and Man. Normal and Abnormal Photobiologic Responses, M.A. Pathak, L.C. Harber, M. Seiji, A. Kukita. University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo 1974; 591–611, In
   Google Scholar
• Packer J.E., Slater T.F., Willson R.L. Direct observation of a free radical interaction between vitamin E and vitamin C. Nature 1989; 278: 737–738
   Google Scholar
• Pathak M.A., Stratton K. Free radicals in human skin before and after exposure to light. Archives of Biochemistry & Biophysics 1968; 123: 468–476
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Potapenko A.Ya. Mechanisms of photodynamic effects of furocoumarins. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, B: Biology 1991; 9: 1–35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Potts R.O., Guzek D.B., Harris R.R., McKie J.E. A non-invasive, in vivo technique to quantitatively measure water concentration of the stratum corneum using attenuated total-reflectance infrared spectroscopy. Archives for Dermatological Research 1985; 277: 489–495
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roelandts R., Sohrabvand N., Garmyn M. Evaluating the UVA protection of sunscreens. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 1989; 21: 56–62
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schoenberger J.A., Testa M., Ross A.D, Brennan W.K., Bannon J.A. Efficacy, safety, and quality-of-life assessment of captopril antihypertensive therapy in clinical practise. Archives of Internal Medicine 1990; 150: 301–306
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schoonderwoerd S.A., Beijersbergen van Henegouwen G.M.J. Irreversible photobinding to skin constitutents after systemic administration of chlorpromazine to Wistar rats. Photochemistry and Photobiology 1987; 46: 501–505
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schoonderwoerd S.A., Beijersbergen van Henegouwen G.M.J., Luijendijk J.J. Photobinding of chlorpromazine and its sulfoxide in vitro and in vivo. Photochemistry and Photobiology 1988; 48: 621–626
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schoonderwoerd S.A., Beijersbergen van Henegouwen G.M.J., van Belkum S. In vivo photodegradation of chlorpromazine. Photochemistry and Photobiology 1989; 50: 659–664
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schoonderwoerd S.A., Beijersbergen van Henegouwen G.M.J., Persons K.C.M. Effect of alphatocopherol and di-butyl-hydroxytoluene (BHT) on UVA-induced photobinding of 8-methoxypsoralen to Wistar rat epidermal biomacromolecules in vivo. Archives of Toxicology 1991a; 65: 490–494
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoonderwoerd S.A., Beijersbergen van Henegouwen G.M.J., Persons K.C.M., Caffieri S., Dall'Acqua F. Photobinding of 8-methoxypsoralen, 4,6,4′-trimethylangelicin and chlorpromazine to Wistar rat epidermal biomacromolecules in vivo. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, B: Biology 1991b; 10: 257–268
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sweeney R.R. A Survey of Compounds from the Antiradiation Drug Development Program of the US Army Medical Research and Development Command. Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC 1979
   Google Scholar
• Urbach F. Potential effects of altered solar ultraviolet radiation on human skin cancer. Photochemistry and Photobiology 1989; 50: 507–513
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van den Broeke L.T., Beyersbergen van Henegouwen G.M.J. Thiols as potential UV-radiation protectors. An in vitro study. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, B: Biology. 1993, (in press)
   Google Scholar
• van den Broeke L.T., Bojarski J., Ouijja E.H., Beyersbergen van Henegouwen G.M.J. In vitro photodegradation of chlorpromazine. 1993, (to be published).
   Google Scholar
• Vickers C.F.H. Existence of reservoir in the stratum corneum. Archives of Dermatology 1963; 88: 20–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward W.F., Molteni A., Ts'ao C., Hinz J.M. The effect of Captopril on benign and malignant reactions in irradiated rat skin. The British Journal of Radiology 1990; 63: 349–354
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodcock A., Magnus I.A. The sunburn cell in mouse skin: preliminary quantitative studies on its production. British Journal of Dermatology 1976; 95: 459–468
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Young A.R. The sunburn cell. Photodermatology 1987; 4: 127–134
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Young A.R., Magnus I.A. An action spectrum for 8-MOP induced sunburn cells in mammalian epidermis. British Journal of Dermatology 1981; 104: 541–548
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zöllner N., Kirsch K. Uber die quantitative bestimmung von lipoiden (mikromethode) mittels der vielen naturlichen lipoiden (allen bekannten plasmalipoiden) gemeinsamen sulfophosphovanillin-reaktion. Zeitschrift fur die gesamte experimentelle Medizin 1962; 135: 545–561
   Google Scholar