Post-traumatic hypopituitarism and fatigue

References

• Aimaretti, G., Ambrosio, M. R., Benvenga, S., Borretta, G., De Marinis, L., De Menis, E., … Ghigo, E. (2004). Hypopituitarism and growth hormone deficiency (GHD) after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Growth Hormone & IGF Research, 14, 114–117. doi:10.1016/j.ghir.2004.03.025
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aimaretti, G., Ambrosio, M. R., Di Somma, C., Gasperi, M., Cannavo, S., Scaroni, C., … Ghigo, E. (2005). Residual pituitary function after brain injury-induced hypopituitarism: A prospective 12-month study. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 90(11), 6085–6092. doi:10.1210/jc.2005-0504
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bavisetty, S., McArthur, D. L., Dusick, J. R., Wang, C., Cohan, P., Boscardin, W. J., et al. (2008). Chronic hypopituitarism after traumatic brain injury: Risk assessment and relationship to outcome. Neurosurgery, 63(4), 683.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bengtsson, B. A., Eden, S., Lonn, L., Kvist, H., Stokland, A., Lindstedt, G., et al. (1993). Treatment of adults with growth hormone (GH) deficiency with recombinant human GH. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 76(2), 309–317. doi:10.1210/jcem.76.2.8432773
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benvenga, S., Campenni, A., Ruggeri, R. M., & Trimarchi, F. (2000). Clinical review 113: Hypopituitarism secondary to head trauma. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 85(4), 1353–1361. doi:10.1210/jcem.85.4.6506
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burman, P., Broman, J. E., Hetta, J., Wiklund, I., Erfurth, E. M., Hagg, E., et al. (1995). Quality of life in adults with growth hormone (GH) deficiency: Response to treatment with recombinant human GH in a placebo-controlled 21-month trial. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 80(12), 3585–3590. doi:10.1210/jcem.80.12.8530603
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bushnik, T., Englander, J., & Katznelson, L. (2007). Fatigue after TBI: Association with neuroendocrine abnormalities. Brain Injury, 21(6), 559–566. doi:10.1080/02699050701426915
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bushnik, T., Englander, J., & Wright, J. (2008). Patterns of fatigue and its correlates over the first 2 years after traumatic brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 23(1), 25–32. doi:10.1097/01.HTR.0000308718.88214.bb
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaudhuri, A., & Behan, P. O. (2004). Fatigue in neurological disorders. The Lancet, 363(9413), 978–988. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15794-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clayton, P., Gleeson, H., Monson, J., Popovic, V., Shalet, S. M., & Christiansen, J. S. (2007). Growth hormone replacement throughout life: Insights into age-related responses to treatment. Growth Hormone & IGF Research, 17(5), 369–382. doi:10.1016/j.ghir.2007.04.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colao, A., Di Somma, C., Cuocolo, A., Filippella, M., Rota, F., Acampa, W., … Lombardi, G. (2004). The severity of growth hormone deficiency correlates with the severity of cardiac impairment in 100 adult patients with hypopituitarism: An observational, case-control study. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 89(12), 5998–6004. doi:10.1210/jc.2004-1042
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colao, A., Di Somma, C., Pivonello, R., Loche, S., Aimaretti, G., Cerbone, G., et al. (1999). Bone loss is correlated to the severity of growth hormone deficiency in adult patients with hypopituitarism. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 84(6), 1919–1924. doi:10.1210/jcem.84.6.5742
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Copinschi, G., Nedeltcheva, A., Leproult, R., Morselli, L. L., Spiegel, K., Martino, E., … Van Cauter, E. (2010). Sleep disturbances, daytime sleepiness, and quality of life in adults with growth hormone deficiency. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 95(5), 2195–2202. doi:10.1210/jc.2009-2080
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cyran, E. (1918). Hypophysenschädigung durch Schädelbasisfraktur. Dtsch Med Wochenschr, 44, 1261. Retrieved from http://www.aerzteblatt.de/archiv/literatur/40990
   Google Scholar
• Daniel, P. M., Prichard, M. M., & Treip, C. S. (1959). Traumatic infarction of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. The Lancet, 274(7109), 927–931. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(59)91583-1
   Google Scholar
• Edwards, O. M., & Clark, J. D. (1986). Post-traumatic hypopituitarism. Six cases and a review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore), 65(5), 281–290. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3018425 doi: 10.1097/00005792-198609000-00001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibney, J., Wallace, J. D., Spinks, T., Schnorr, L., Ranicar, A., Cuneo, R. C., … Russell-Jones, D. (1999). The effects of 10 years of recombinant human growth hormone (GH) in adult GH-deficient patients. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 84(8), 2596–2602. doi:10.1210/jcem.84.8.5916
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta, A. K., Zygun, D. A., Johnston, A. J., Steiner, L. A., Al-Rawi, P. G., Chatfield, D., … Menon, D. K. (2004). Extracellular brain pH and outcome following severe traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neurotrauma, 21(6), 678–684. doi:10.1089/0897715041269722
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• High, W. M. Jr., Briones-Galang, M., Clark, J. A., Gilkison, C., Mossberg, K. A., Zgaljardic, D. J., … Urban, R. J. (2010). Effect of growth hormone replacement therapy on cognition after traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neurotrauma, 27(9), 1565–1575. doi:10.1089/neu.2009.1253
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunt, S. M., McKenna, S. P., McEwen, J., Williams, J., & Papp, E. (1981). The Nottingham Health Profile: Subjective health status and medical consultations. Social Science & Medicine: Part A, 15(3 Pt 1), 221–229. doi:10.1016/0271-7123(81)90005-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ives, J. C., Alderman, M., & Stred, S. E. (2007). Hypopituitarism after multiple concussions: A retrospective case study in an adolescent male. Journal of Athletic Training, 42(3), 431–439.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly, D. F., Chaloner, C., Evans, D., Mathews, A., Cohan, P., Wang, C., … Guskiewicz, K. (2014). Prevalence of pituitary hormone dysfunction, metabolic syndrome, and impaired quality of life in retired professional football players: A prospective study. Journal of Neurotrauma, 31(13), 1161–1171. doi:10.1089/neu.2013.3212
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly, D. F., McArthur, D. L., Levin, H., Swimmer, S., Dusick, J. R., Cohan, P., … Swerdloff, R. (2006). Neurobehavioral and quality of life changes associated with growth hormone insufficiency after complicated mild, moderate, or severe traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neurotrauma, 23(6), 928–942. doi:10.1089/neu.2006.23.928
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein, I., & Ojamaa, K. (2001). Thyroid hormone and the cardiovascular system. New England Journal of Medicine, 344(7), 501–509. doi:10.1056/NEJM200102153440707
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kleindienst, A., Brabant, G., Bock, C., Maser-Gluth, C., & Buchfelder, M. (2009). Neuroendocrine function following traumatic brain injury and subsequent intensive care treatment: A prospective longitudinal evaluation. Journal of Neurotrauma, 26(9), 1435–1446. doi:10.1089/neu.2008.0601
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krahulik, D., Zapletalova, J., Frysak, Z., & Vaverka, M. (2010). Dysfunction of hypothalamic-hypophysial axis after traumatic brain injury in adults. Journal of Neurosurgery, 113(3), 581–584. doi:10.3171/2009.10.JNS09930
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ladenson, P. W., Sherman, S. I., Baughman, K. L., Ray, P. E., & Feldman, A. M. (1992). Reversible alterations in myocardial gene expression in a young man with dilated cardiomyopathy and hypothyroidism. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 89(12), 5251–5255. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.12.5251
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makimura, H., Stanley, T. L., Sun, N., Hrovat, M. I., Systrom, D. M., & Grinspoon, S. K. (2011). The association of growth hormone parameters with skeletal muscle phosphocreatine recovery in adult men. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 96(3), 817–823. doi:10.1210/jc.2010-2264
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melmed, S., Polonsky, K. S., Larsen, R., & Kronenberg, H. M. (2012). Williams textbook of endocrinology (12th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Mossberg, K. A., Masel, B. E., Gilkison, C. R., & Urban, R. J. (2008). Aerobic capacity and growth hormone deficiency after traumatic brain injury. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 93(7), 2581–2587. doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0368
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olver, J. H., Ponsford, J. L., & Curran, C. A. (1996). Outcome following traumatic brain injury: A comparison between 2 and 5 years after injury. Brain Injury, 10(11), 841–848. doi:10.1080/026990596123945
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ponsford, J. L., Ziino, C., Parcell, D. L., Shekleton, J. A., Roper, M., Redman, J. R., … Rajaratnam, S. M. W. (2012). Fatigue and sleep disturbance following traumatic brain injury--their nature, causes, and potential treatments. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 27(3), 224–233. doi:10.1097/HTR.0b013e31824ee1a8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Popovic, V., Aimaretti, G., Casanueva, F. F., & Ghigo, E. (2005). Hypopituitarism following traumatic brain injury. Frontiers of Hormone Research, 33, 33–44. doi:10.1159/000088399
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosen, T., & Bengtsson, B. A. (1990). Premature mortality due to cardiovascular disease in hypopituitarism. The Lancet, 336(8710), 285–288. doi:10.1016/0140-6736(90)91812-O
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneider, H. J., Aimaretti, G., Kreitschmann-Andermahr, I., Stalla, G. K., & Ghigo, E. (2007). Hypopituitarism. The Lancet, 369(9571), 1461–1470. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60673-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneider, H. J., Schneider, M., Kreitschmann-Andermahr, I., Tuschy, U., Wallaschofski, H., Fleck, S., … Stalla, G. K. (2011). Structured assessment of hypopituitarism after traumatic brain injury and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in 1242 patients: The German interdisciplinary database. Journal of Neurotrauma, 28(9), 1693–1698. doi:10.1089/neu.2011.1887
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schnieders, J., Willemsen, D., & de Boer, H. (2012). Factors contributing to chronic fatigue after traumatic brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 27(6), 404–412. doi:10.1097/HTR.0b013e3182306341
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Short, K. R., Moller, N., Bigelow, M. L., Coenen-Schimke, J., & Nair, K. S. (2008). Enhancement of muscle mitochondrial function by growth hormone. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 93(2), 597–604. doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1814
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stouthart, P. J., Deijen, J. B., Roffel, M., & Delemarre-van de Waal, H. A. (2003). Quality of life of growth hormone (GH) deficient young adults during discontinuation and restart of GH therapy. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 28(5), 612–626. doi:10.1016/S0306-4530(02)00045-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanriverdi, F., Unluhizarci, K., Kocyigit, I., Tuna, I. S., Karaca, Z., Durak, A. C., et al. (2008). Brief communication: Pituitary volume and function in competing and retired male boxers. Annals of Internal Medicine, 148(11), 827–831. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-148-11-200806030-00005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Naalt, J., van Zomeren, A. H., Sluiter, W. J., & Minderhoud, J. M. (1999). One year outcome in mild to moderate head injury: The predictive value of acute injury characteristics related to complaints and return to work. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 66(2), 207–213. doi:10.1136/jnnp.66.2.207
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanderpump, M. P., & Tunbridge, W. M. (2002). Epidemiology and prevention of clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism. Thyroid, 12(10), 839–847. doi:10.1089/105072502761016458
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner, J., Dusick, J. R., McArthur, D. L., Cohan, P., Wang, C., Swerdloff, R., … Kelly, D. F. (2010). Acute gonadotroph and somatotroph hormonal suppression after traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neurotrauma, 27(6), 1007–1019. doi:10.1089/neu.2009.1092
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker, E. A., Katon, W. J., & Jemelka, R. P. (1993). Psychiatric disorders and medical care utilization among people in the general population who report fatigue. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 8(8), 436–440. doi:10.1007/BF02599621
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkinson, C. W., Pagulayan, K. F., Petrie, E. C., Mayer, C. L., Colasurdo, E. A., Shofer, J. B., … Peskind, E. R. (2012). High prevalence of chronic pituitary and target-organ hormone abnormalities after blast-related mild traumatic brain injury. Frontiers in Neurology, 3, 11. doi:10.3389/fneur.2012.00011
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Woodhouse, L. J., Mukherjee, A., Shalet, S. M., & Ezzat, S. (2006). The influence of growth hormone status on physical impairments, functional limitations, and health-related quality of life in adults. Endocrine Reviews, 27(3), 287–317. doi:10.1210/er.2004-0022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zgaljardic, D. J., Durham, W. J., Mossberg, K. A., Foreman, J. P., Joshipura, K., Masel, B. E., et al. (2014). Neuropsychological and physiological correlates of fatigue following traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury, 1–9. doi:10.3109/02699052.2014.884242
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zwillich, C. W., Pierson, D. J., Hofeldt, F. D., Lufkin, E. G., & Weil, J. V. (1975). Ventilatory control in myxedema and hypothyroidism. New England Journal of Medicine, 292(13), 662–665. doi:10.1056/NEJM197503272921302
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar