2,142
Views
36
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Reviews

Computerised cognitive training in acquired brain injury: A systematic review of outcomes using the International Classification of Functioning (ICF)

, &
Pages 673-741 | Received 07 May 2015, Accepted 06 Jan 2016, Published online: 11 Mar 2016

References

  • Akerlund, E., Esbjornsson, E., Sunnerhagen, K. S., & Bjorkdahl, A. (2013). Can computerized working memory training improve impaired working memory, cognition and psychological health? Brain Injury, 27(13–14), 1649–1657. doi: 10.3109/02699052.2013.830195
  • Allen, D., Goldstein, G., Heyman, R., & Rondinelli, T. (1998). Teaching memory strategies to persons with multiple sclerosis. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 35(4), 405–410.
  • Allen, D., Longmore, S., & Goldstein, G. (1995). Memory training and multiple sclerosis: A case study. International Journal of Rehabilitation and Health, 1(3), 189–202. doi: 10.1007/BF02214731
  • Amato, M. P., Goretti, B., Viterbo, R. G., Portaccio, E., Niccolai, C., Hakiki, B., … Trojano, M. (2014). Computer-assisted rehabilitation of attention in patients with multiple sclerosis: Results of a randomized, double-blind trial. Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 20(1), 91–98. doi: 10.1177/1352458513501571
  • Anaya, C., Aran, A. M., Ayuso-Mateos, J. L., Wykes, T., Vieta, E., & Scott, J. (2012). A systematic review of cognitive remediation for schizo-affective and affective disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders, 142, 13–21. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2012.04.020
  • Bahar-Fuchs, A., Clare, L., & Woods, B. (2013). Cognitive training and cognitive rehabilitation for mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 6. Art. No.: CD003260.
  • Baribeau, J., Ethier, M., & Braun, C. (1989). A neuropsychological assessment of selective attention before and after cognitive remediation in patients with severe closed head injury. Journal of Neurologic Rehabilitation, 3, 71–92.
  • Batchelor, J., Shores, E., Marosszeky, J., Sandanam, J., & Lovarini, M. (1988). Focus on clinical research Cognitive rehabilitation of severely closed-head-injured patients using computer-assisted and noncomputerized treatment techniques. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 3(3), 78–85. doi: 10.1097/00001199-198809000-00012
  • Bayley, M. T., Tate, R., Douglas, J. M., Turkstra, L. S., Ponsford, J., Stergiou-Kita, M., Kua, A., … Bragge, P. (2014). INCOG guidelines for cognitive rehabilitation following traumatic brain injury: Methods and overview. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 29, 290–306. doi: 10.1097/HTR.0000000000000070
  • Benedict, R. H., Munschauer, F., Linn, R., Miller, C., Murphy, E., Foley, F., Jacobs, L. (2003). Screening for multiple sclerosis cognitive impairment using a self-administered 15-item questionnaire. Multiple Sclerosis, 9, 95–101. doi: 10.1191/1352458503ms861oa
  • Bennett-Levy, J., & Powell, G. E. (1980). The Subjective Memory Questionnaire (SMQ). An investigation into the self-reporting of ‘real-life' memory skills. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 19(2), 177–188. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8260.1980.tb00946.x
  • Bilbao, A., et al. (2003). The ICF: Applications of the WHO model of functioning, disability and health to brain injury rehabilitation. NeuroRehabilitation, 18(3), 239–250.
  • Bjorkdahl, A., Akerlund, E., Svensson, S., & Esbjornsson, E. (2013). A randomized study of computerized working memory training and effects on functioning in everyday life for patients with brain injury. Brain Injury, 27(13–14), 1658–1665. doi: 10.3109/02699052.2013.830196
  • Bonavita, S., Sacco, R., Della Corte, M., Esposito, S., Sparaco, M., d'Ambrosio, A., & Corbo, D. (2015). Computer-aided cognitive rehabilitation improves cognitive performances and induces brain functional connectivity changes in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis patients: An exploratory study. Journal of Neurology, 262(1), 91–100. doi: 10.1007/s00415-014-7528-z
  • Boot, W. R., Champion, M., Blakely, D. P., Wright, T., Souders, D. J., & Charness, N. (2013). Video games as a means to reduce age-related cognitive decline: Attitudes, compliance, and effectiveness. Frontiers in Psychology, 4, 1–9. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00031
  • Brissart, H., Leroy, M., Morele, E., Baumann, C., Spitz, E., & Debouverie, M. (2013). Cognitive rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis. Neurocase, 19(6), 553–565. doi: 10.1080/13554794.2012.701644
  • Broadbent, D. E., Cooper, P. F., FitzGerald, P., & Parkes, K. R. (1982). The cognitive failures questionnaire (CFQ) and its correlates. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 21(1), 1–16. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8260.1982.tb01421.x
  • Brooks, B., McNeil, J., Rose, F., Greenwood, R., Attree, E., & Leadbetter, A. (1999). Route learning in a case of amnesia: A preliminary investigation into the efficacy of training in a virtual environment. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 9(1), 63–76. doi: 10.1080/713755589
  • Burgess, P. W., Alderman, N., Wilson, B. A., Evans, J. J., & Emslie, H. (1996). The dysexecutive questionnaire. Behavioural assessment of the dysexecutive syndrome. Bury St. Edmunds, UK: Thames Valley Test Company.
  • Caglio, M., Latini-Corazzini, L., D'agata, F., Cauda, F., Sacco, K., Monteverdi, S., & Geminiani, G. (2009). Video game play changes spatial and verbal memory: Rehabilitation of a single case with traumatic brain injury. Cognitive Processing, 10(Suppl. 2), S195–S197. doi: 10.1007/s10339-009-0295-6
  • Calleo, J., Burrows, c., Levin, H., Marsh, L., Lai, E., & York, M. K. (2012). Cognitive rehabilitation for executive dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease: Application and current direction. Hindawi Publishing Corporation Parkinson's Disease, Article ID S12892.
  • Cerasa, A., Gioia, M. C., Valentino, P., Nisticò, R., Chiriaco, C., Pirritano, D., & Talarico, T. (2013). Computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation of attention deficits for multiple sclerosis a randomized trial with fMRI correlates. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, 27(4), 284–295. doi: 10.1177/1545968312465194
  • Cha, Y.-J., & Kim, H. (2013). Effect of computer-based cognitive rehabilitation (CBCR) for people with stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis. NeuroRehabilitation, 32(2), 359–368. doi: 10.3233/NRE-130856
  • Chen, S., Thomas, J., Glueckauf, R., & Bracy, O. (1997). The effectiveness of computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation for persons with traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury, 11(3), 197–209. doi: 10.1080/026990597123647
  • Cicerone, K. D. (2012). Facts, theories, values: Shaping the course of neurorehabilitation. The 60th John Stanley Coulter Memorial Lecture. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 93, 188–191. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2011.12.003
  • Cicerone, K. D., Langenbahn, D. M., Braden, C., Malec, J. F., Kalmar, K., Fraas, M., … Ashman, T. (2011). Evidence-based cognitive rehabilitation: Updated review of the literature from 2003 through 2008. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 92(4), 519–530. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2010.11.015
  • Corcoran, R., & Thompson, P. (1992). Epilepsy and poor memory: Who complains and what do they mean? British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 32, 199–208. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8260.1993.tb01044.x
  • Couillet, J., Soury, S., Lebornec, G., Asloun, S., Joseph, P.-A., Mazaux, J.-M., & Azouvi, P. (2010). Rehabilitation of divided attention after severe traumatic brain injury: A randomised trial. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 20(3), 321–339. doi: 10.1080/09602010903467746
  • Cramer, S. C., Sur, M., Dobkin, B. H., O'Brien, C., Sanger, T. D., Trojanowski, J. Q., … Vinogradov, S. (2011). Harnessing neuroplasticity for clinical applications. Brain, 134, 1591–1609. doi: 10.1093/brain/awr039
  • De Giglio, L., De Luca, F., Prosperini, L., Borriello, G., Bianchi, V., Pantano, P., & Pozzilli, C. (2014). A low-cost cognitive rehabilitation with a commercial video game improves sustained attention and executive functions in multiple sclerosis a pilot study. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, 29(5), 1–9.
  • De Kloet, A. J., Berger, M. A. M., Verhoeven, I. M. A. J., Van Stein Callenfels, K., & Vlieland, T. P. M. V. (2012). Gaming supports youth with acquired brain injury? A pilot study. Brain Injury, 26(7–8), 1021–1029. doi: 10.3109/02699052.2012.654592
  • De Luca, R., Calabro, R. S., Gervasi, G., De Salvo, S., Bonanno, L., Corallo, F., & Bramanti, P. (2014). Is computer-assisted training effective in improving rehabilitative outcomes after brain injury? A case-control hospital-based study. Disability and Health Journal, 7(3), 356–360. doi: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2014.04.003
  • DePoy, E., Maley, K., & Stanraugh, J. (1990). Executive function and cognitive remediation: A study of activity preference. Occupational Therapy in Health Care, 7(1), 101–114.
  • Dou, Z. L., Man, D. W. K., Ou, H. N., Zheng, J. L., & Tam, S. F. (2006). Computerized errorless learning-based memory rehabilitation for Chinese patients with brain injury: A preliminary quasi-experimental clinical design study. Brain Injury, 20(3), 219–225. doi: 10.1080/02699050500488215
  • Dvorkin, A. Y., Pacini, S., Hsu, N., & Larson, E. B. (2013). Treatment challenges with profound behaviour disturbance after traumatic brain injury: A case report. Brain Injury, 27(7–8), 957–961. doi: 10.3109/02699052.2013.793399
  • Eng, J. J., Teasell, R., Miller, W. C., Wolfe, D. L., Townson, A. F., Aubut, J.-A., & Konnyu, K. (2007). Spinal cord injury rehabilitation evidence: Methods of the SCIRE systematic review. Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation, 13(1), 1–10. doi: 10.1310/sci1301-1
  • Fals-Stewart, W., & Lucente, S. (1994). The effect of cognitive rehabilitation on the neuropsychological status of patients in drug abuse treatment who display neurocognitive impairment. Rehabilitation Psychology, 39(2), 75–94. doi: 10.1037/h0080316
  • Fernandez, E., Bringas, M. L., Salazar, S., Rodriguez, D., Garcia, M. E., & Torres, M. (2012). Clinical impact of RehaCom software for cognitive rehabilitation of patients with acquired brain injury. MEDICC Review, 14(4), 32–35. doi: 10.1590/S1555-79602012000400007
  • Filippi, M., Riccitelli, G., Mattioli, F., Capra, R., Stampatori, C., Pagani, E., & Rocca, M. A. (2012). Multiple sclerosis: Effects of cognitive rehabilitation on structural and functional MR imaging measures - An explorative study. Radiology, 262(3), 932–940. doi: 10.1148/radiol.11111299
  • Fink, F., Rischkau, E., Butt, M., Klein, J., Eling, P., & Hildebrandt, H. (2010). Efficacy of an executive function intervention programme in ms: A placebo-controlled and pseudo-randomized trial. Multiple Sclerosis, 16(9), 1148–1151.
  • Finlayson, M. A. J., Alfano, D. P., & Sullivan, J. F. (1987). A neuropsychological approach to cognitive remediation: Microcomputer applications. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne, 28(2), 180–190. doi: 10.1037/h0079897
  • Fisher, A. G., & Jones, K. B. (1999). Assessment of motor and process skills (p. 2006). Fort Collins, CO: Three Star Press.
  • Fong, K., & Howie, D. (2009). Effects of an explicit problem-solving skills training program using a metacomponential approach for outpatients with acquired brain injury. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 63(5), 525–534. doi: 10.5014/ajot.63.5.525
  • Gates, N. J., & Sachdev, P. (2014). Is cognitive training an effective treatment for preclinical and early Alzheimer's Disease? Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 42, S551–S559.
  • Gehring, K., Sitskoorn, M., Gundy, C., Sikkes, S., Klein, M., Postma, T., & Aaronson, N. (2009). Cognitive rehabilitation in patients with gliomas: A randomized, controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 27(22), 3712–3722. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2008.20.5765
  • Geyh, S., Peter, C., Müller, R., Bickenbach, J. E., Kostanjsek, N., Üstün, B. T., & Cieza, A. (2011). The personal factors of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health in the literature–a systematic review and content analysis. Disability and Rehabilitation, 33(13–14), 1089–1102. doi: 10.3109/09638288.2010.523104
  • Goldstein, G., Beers, S., Longmore, S., & McCue, M. (1996). Efficacy of memory training: A technological extension and replication. Clinical Neuropsychologist, 10(1), 66–72. doi: 10.1080/13854049608406664
  • Gray, J., Robertson, I., Pentland, B., & Anderson, S. (1992). Microcomputer-based attentional retraining after brain damage: A randomised group controlled trial. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2(2), 97–115. doi: 10.1080/09602019208401399
  • Gray, J. M., & Robertson, I. (1989). Remediation of attentional difficulties following brain injury: Three experimental single case studies. Brain Injury, 3(2), 163–170. doi: 10.3109/02699058909004548
  • Green, C. S., Strobach, T., & Schubert, T. (2014). On methodological standards in training and transfer experiments. Psychological Research, 78(6), 756–772. doi: 10.1007/s00426-013-0535-3
  • Greig, T. C., Nicholls, S. S., Bryson, G. J., & Bell, M. D. (2004). The Vocational Cognitive Rating Scale: A scale for the assessment of cognitive functioning at work for clients with severe mental illness. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 21(2), 71–81.
  • Grewe, P., Lahr, D., Kohsik, A., Dyck, E., Markowitsch, H. J., Bien, C. G., & Piefke, M. (2014). Real-life memory and spatial navigation in patients with focal epilepsy: Ecological validity of a virtual reality supermarket task. Epilepsy & Behavior, 31, 57–66. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2013.11.014
  • Grilli, M. D., & Glisky, E. L. (2011). The self-imagination effect: Benefits of a self-referential encoding strategy on cued recall in memory-impaired individuals with neurological damage. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 17(5), 929–933. doi: 10.1017/S1355617711000737
  • Grilli, M. D., & McFarland, C. P. (2011). Imagine that: Self-imagination improves prospective memory in memory-impaired individuals with neurological damage. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 21(6), 847–859. doi: 10.1080/09602011.2011.627263
  • Hancock, L. M., Bruce, J. M., Bruce, A. S., & Lynch, S. G. (2015). Processing speed and working memory training in multiple sclerosis: A double-blind randomized controlled pilot study. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 37(2), 113–127. doi: 10.1080/13803395.2014.989818
  • Hauke, J., Fimm, B., & Sturm, W. (2011). Efficacy of alertness training in a case of brainstem encephalitis: Clinical and theoretical implications. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 21(2), 164–182. doi: 10.1080/09602011.2010.541792
  • Hildebrandt, H., Gehrmann, A., Modden, C., & Eling, P. (2011). Enhancing memory performance after organic brain disease relies on retrieval processes rather than encoding or consolidation. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 33(2), 257–270. doi: 10.1080/13803395.2010.511471
  • Hildebrandt, H., Lanz, M., Hahn, H., Hoffmann, E., Schwarze, B., Schwendemann, G., & Kraus, J. (2007). Cognitive training in MS: Effects and relation to brain atrophy. Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, 25(1), 33–43.
  • Hynes, S. M., Fish, J., & Manly, T. (2014). Intensive working memory training: A single case experimental design in a patient following hypoxic brain damage. Brain Injury, 28(13–14), 1766–1775. doi: 10.3109/02699052.2014.954622
  • Jak, A. J., Seelye, A. M., & Jurick, S. M. (2013). Corsswords to computers: A critical review of popular approaches to cognitive enhancement. Neuropsychology Review, 23, 13–26. doi: 10.1007/s11065-013-9226-5
  • Jennet, B., & Bond, M. (1975). Assessment of outcome after severe brain damage. A practical scale. Lancet, 1, 480–484. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(75)92830-5
  • Johansson, B., & Tornmalm, M. (2012). Working memory training for patients with acquired brain injury: Effects in daily life. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 19(2), 176–183. doi: 10.3109/11038128.2011.603352
  • Kerner, M., & Acker, M. (1985). Computer delivery of memory retraining with head injured patients. Journal of Cognitive Rehabilitation, 3, 26–32.
  • Khalili, L., Dolatshahi, B., Farhodi, M., Farhodi, M., Pourshahbaz, A., & Niknam, Z. (2013). The effectiveness of attention rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis for decreasing selective attention deficits. Practice in Clinical Psychology, 1(2), 47–54.
  • Kim, Y., Yoo, W., Ko, M., Park, C., Kim, S., & Na, D. (2009). Plasticity of the attentional network after brain injury and cognitive rehabilitation. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, 23(5), 468–477. doi: 10.1177/1545968308328728
  • King, G., Law, M., King, S., Hurley, P., Rosenbaum, P., Hanna, S.,  … Young, N. (2004). Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment(CAPE) and Preferences for Activities of children (PAC). San Antonio: Harcourt Assessment, Inc.
  • Klingberg, T. (2010). Training and plasticity of working memory. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 14, 317–324. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2010.05.002
  • Koorenhof, L., Baxendale, S., Smith, N., & Thompson, P. (2012). Memory rehabilitation and brain training for surgical temporal lobe epilepsy patients: A preliminary report. Seizure - European Journal of Epilepsy, 21(3), 178–182. doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2011.12.001
  • Laatsch, L. (2001). Treatment of post-concussion syndrome: An illustration of the development metacognitive approach to cognitive rehabilitation therapy. Journal of Cognitive Rehabilitation, 19(1), 10–16.
  • Lampit, A., Hallock, H., & Valenzuela, M. (2014). Computerized Cognitive Training in Cognitively Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Effect Modifiers. PLoS Medicine, 11(11), e1001756. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001756
  • Larson, E., Ramaiya, M., Zollman, F., Pacini, S., Hsu, N., Patton, J., & Dvorkin, A. (2011). Tolerance of a virtual reality intervention for attention remediation in persons with severe TBI. Brain Injury, 25(3), 274–281. doi: 10.3109/02699052.2010.551648
  • Law, M., Baptiste, S., McColl, M., Opzoomer, A., Polatajko, H., & Pollock, N. (1990). The Canadian occupational performance measure: An outcome measure for occupational therapy. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 57(2), 82–87. doi: 10.1177/000841749005700207
  • Lawton, M. P., & Brody, E. M. (1969). Assessment of older people: Self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. Gerontologist, 9, 179–186. doi: 10.1093/geront/9.3_Part_1.179
  • Lebowitz, M. S., Dams-O'Connor, K., & Cantor, J. B. (2012). Feasibility of computerized brain plasticity-based cognitive training after traumatic brain injury. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 49(10), 1547–1556. doi: 10.1682/JRRD.2011.07.0133
  • Li, K., Robertson, J., Ramos, J., & Gella, S. (2013). Computer-based cognitive retraining for adults with chronic acquired brain injury: A pilot study. Occupational Therapy in Health Care, 27(4), 333–344. doi: 10.3109/07380577.2013.844877
  • Loetscher, T., & Lincoln, N. B. (2013). Cognitive rehabilitation for attention deficits following stroke. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 5, 1–55.
  • Lundqvist, A., Grundstrm, K., Samuelsson, K., & Ronnberg, J. (2010). Computerized training of working memory in a group of patients suffering from acquired brain injury. Brain Injury, 24(10). , 1173–1183. doi: 10.3109/02699052.2010.498007
  • Lynch, B. (2002). Historical review of computer-assisted cognitive retraining. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 17(5), 446–457. doi: 10.1097/00001199-200210000-00006
  • Maher, C. G., Sherrington, C., Herbert, R. D., Moseley, A. M., & Elkins, M. (2003). Reliability of the PEDro scale for rating quality of randomized controlled trials. Physical Therapy, 83(8), 713–721.
  • Man, D., Soong, W., Tam, S., & Hui-Chan, C. (2006a). Development and evaluation of a pictorial-based analogical problem-solving programme for people with traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury, 20(9), 981–990. doi: 10.1080/02699050600909789
  • Man, D., Soong, W., Tam, S., & Hui-Chan, C. (2006b). A randomized clinical trial study on the effectiveness of a tele-analogy-based problem-solving programme for people with acquired brain injury (ABI). NeuroRehabilitation, 21(3), 205–217.
  • Man, D., Soong, W., Tam, S., & Hui-Chan, C. (2006c). Self-efficacy outcomes of people with brain injury in cognitive skill training using different types of trainer-trainee interaction. Brain Injury, 20(9), 959–970. doi: 10.1080/02699050600909789
  • Man, D. W. K., Poon, W. S., & Lam, C. (2013). The effectiveness of artificial intelligent 3-D virtual reality vocational problem-solving training in enhancing employment opportunities for people with traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury, 27(9), 1016–1025. doi: 10.3109/02699052.2013.794969
  • Mattioli, F., Stampatori, C., Scarpazza, C., Parrinello, G., & Capra, R. (2012). Persistence of the effects of attention and executive functions intensive rehabilitation in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, 1(4), 168–173. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2012.06.004
  • Mattioli, F. S. C., Zanotti, D., Parrinello, G., Capra, R., & Flavia, M. (2010). Efficacy and specificity of intensive cognitive rehabilitation of attention and executive functions in multiple sclerosis. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 288(2-Jan), 101–105.
  • Mäntynen, A., Rosti-Otajärvi, E., Koivisto, K., Lilja, A., Huhtala, H., & Hämäläinen, P. (2014). Neuropsychological rehabilitation does not improve cognitive performance but reduces perceived cognitive deficits in patients with multiple sclerosis: A randomised, controlled, multi-centre trial. Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 20(1), 99–107. doi: 10.1177/1352458513494487
  • Medalia, A., & Choi, J. (2009). Cognitive remediation in schizophrenia. Neuropsychology Review, 19, 353–364. doi: 10.1007/s11065-009-9097-y
  • Melby-Lervag, M., & Hulme, C. (2013). Is working memory training effective? A meta-analytic review. Developmental Psychology, 49, 270–291. doi: 10.1037/a0028228
  • Mellerup, E., Fog, T., & Raun, N. (1981). The socio-economic scale. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 64, 130–138. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1981.tb05549.x
  • Mendozzi, L., Pugnetti, L., Motta, A., Barbieri, E., Gambini, A., & Cazzullo, C. L. (1998). Computer-assisted memory retraining of patients with multiple sclerosis. The Italian Journal of Neurological Sciences, 19(6), S431–S438. doi: 10.1007/BF00539601
  • Middleton, D., Lambert, M., & Seggar, L. (1991). Neuropsychological rehabilitation: Microcomputer-assisted treatment of brain-injured adults. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 72(2), 527–530. doi: 10.2466/pms.1991.72.2.527
  • Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. G. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. Annals of Internal Medicine, 151(4), 264–269. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135
  • Morrison, A. B., & Chein, J. M. (2011). Does working memory training work? The promise and challenges of enhancing cognition by training working memory. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 18(1), 46–60. doi: 10.3758/s13423-010-0034-0
  • Niemann, H., Ruff, R., & Baser, C. (1990). Computer-assisted attention retraining in head-injured individuals: A controlled efficacy study of an outpatient program. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 58(6), 811–817. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.58.6.811
  • Nordvik, J. E., Schanke, A. K., Walhovd, K., Fjell, A., Grydeland, H., & Landro, N. I. (2012). Exploring the relationship between white matter microstructure and working memory functioning following stroke: A single case study of computerized cognitive training. Neurocase, 18(2), 139–151. doi: 10.1080/13554794.2011.568501
  • Nordvik, J. E., Walle, K. M., Nyberg, C. K., Fjell, A. M., Walhovd, K. B., Westlye, L. T., & Tornas, S. (2014). Bridging the gap between clinical neuroscience and cognitive rehabilitation: The role of cognitive training, models of neuroplasticity and advanced neuroimaging in future brain injury rehabilitation. NeuroRehabilitation, 34(1), 81–85.
  • Novack, T., Caldwell, S., Duke, L., Bergquist, T., & Gage, R. (1996). Focused versus unstructured intervention for attention deficits after traumatic brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 11(3), 52–60. doi: 10.1097/00001199-199606000-00008
  • O'Brien, A., Chiaravalloti, N., Goverover, Y., & DeLuca, J. (2008). Evidenced-based cognitive rehabilitation for persons with multiple sclerosis: A review of the literature. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 89(4), 761–769. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2007.10.019
  • Overman, A. A. (2012). Computer-based training and cognitive improvement after adult-onset malaria: A case report. NeuroRehabilitation, 30(2), 101–107.
  • Parisi, L., Rocca, M., Valsasina, P., Panicari, L., Mattioli, F., & Filippi, M. (2012). Cognitive rehabilitation correlates with the functional connectivity of the anterior cingulate cortex in patients with multiple sclerosis. Brain Imaging and Behavior, 12(1), 1–7.
  • Parisi, L., Rocca, M. A., Mattioli, F., Copetti, M., Capra, R., Valsasina, P., & Filippi, M. (2014). Changes of brain resting state functional connectivity predict the persistence of cognitive rehabilitation effects in patients with multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 20(6), 686–694. doi: 10.1177/1352458513505692
  • Peterson, M., Patterson, B., Pillman, B., & Battista, M. (2002). Cognitive recovery following alcohol detoxification: A computerised remediation study. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 12(1), 63–74. doi: 10.1080/09602010143000167
  • Plohmann, A. M., Kappos, L., Ammann, W., Thordai, A., Wittwer, A., Huber, S., & Lechner-Scott, J. (1998). Computer assisted retraining of attentional impairments in patients with multiple sclerosis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 64(4), 455–462. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.64.4.455
  • Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879–903. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879
  • Ponsford, J., Bayley, M., Wiseman-Hakes, C., Togher, L., Velikonja, D., McIntyre, A.,  … Tate, R. (2014). INCOG recommendations for management of cognition following traumatic brain injury, part II. Attention and processing speed. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 29, 321–337. doi: 10.1097/HTR.0000000000000072
  • Ponsford, J., & Kinsella, G. (1988). Evaluation of a remedial programme for attentional deficits following closed-head injury. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 10(6), 693–708. doi: 10.1080/01688638808402808
  • Ponsford, J., & Kinsella, G. (1991). The use of a rating scale of attentional behaviour. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 1, 241–257. doi: 10.1080/09602019108402257
  • Potvin, M.-J., Rouleau, I., Senechal, G., & Giguere, J.-F. (2011). Prospective memory rehabilitation based on visual imagery techniques. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 21(6), 899–924. doi: 10.1080/09602011.2011.630882
  • Prokopenko, S., Mozheyko, E., Petrova, M., Koryagina, T., Kaskaeva, D., Chernykh, T., & Bezdenezhnih, A. (2013). Correction of post-stroke cognitive impairments using computer programs. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 325(1), 148–153. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2012.12.024
  • Pusswald, G., Mildner, C., Zebenholzer, K., Auff, E., & Lehrner, J. (2014). A neuropsychological rehabilitation program for patients with Multiple Sclerosis based on the model of the ICF. NeuroRehabilitation, 35(3), 519–527.
  • Rabipour, S., & Davidson, P. S. (2015). Do you believe in brain training? A questionnaire about expectations of computerised cognitive training. Behavioural Brain Research, 295, 64–70. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.01.002
  • Rabipour, S., & Raz, A. (2012). Training the brain: Fact and fad in cognitive and behavioral remediation. Brain and Cognition, 79(2), 159–179. doi: 10.1016/j.bandc.2012.02.006
  • Rappaport, M., Hall, K. M., Hopkins, K., Belleza, T., & Cope, D. N. (1982). Disability rating scale for severe head trauma: Coma to community. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 63(3), 118–123.
  • Riccio, C., & French, C. (2004). The status of empirical support for treatments of attention deficits. Clinical Neuropsychologist, 18(4), 528–558. doi: 10.1080/138540490516662
  • Richter, K. M., Modden, C., Eling, P., & Hildebrandt, H. (2015). Working memory training and semantic structuring improves remembering future events, not past events. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, 29(1), 33–40. doi: 10.1177/1545968314527352
  • Rose, F., Brooks, B., Attree, E., Parslow, D., Leadbetter, A., McNeil, J., & Potter, J. (1999). A preliminary investigation into the use of virtual environments in memory retraining after vascular brain injury: Indications for future strategy? Disability and Rehabilitation, 21(12), 548–554. doi: 10.1080/096382899297206
  • Rosti-Otajarvi, E., Mantynen, A., Koivisto, K., Huhtala, H., & Hamalainen, P. (2013). Neuropsychological rehabilitation has beneficial effects on perceived cognitive deficits in multiple sclerosis during nine-month follow-up. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 334(1–2), 154–160. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.08.017
  • Rosti-Otajarvi, E. M., & Hamalainen, P. I. (2014). Neuropsychological rehabilitation for multiple sclerosis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 11, 1–145.
  • Ruff, R., Mahaffey, R., Engel, J., Farrow, C., Cox, D., & Karzmark, P. (1994). Efficacy study of THINKable in the attention and memory retraining of traumatically head-injured patients. Brain Injury, 8(1), 3–14. doi: 10.3109/02699059409150954
  • Ruff, R. M., Baser, C. A., Johnston, J. W., Marshall, L. F., Klauber, S. K., Klauber, M. R., & Minteer, M. (1989). Neuropsychological rehabilitation: An experimental study with head-injured patients. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 4(3), 20–36. doi: 10.1097/00001199-198909000-00006
  • Sacks, J. G., & Levy, N. M. (1979). Objective personality changes in residents of a therapeutic community. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 136(6), 796–799.
  • Sastre-Garriga, J., Alonso, J., Renom, M., Arevalo, M., Gonzalez, I., Galan, I., & Rovira, A. (2011). A functional magnetic resonance proof of concept pilot trial of cognitive rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis, 17(4), 457–467. doi: 10.1177/1352458510389219
  • Schoenberg, M., Ruwe, W., Dawson, K., McDonald, N., Houston, B., & Forducey, P. (2008). Comparison of functional outcomes and treatment cost between a computer-based cognitive rehabilitation teletherapy program and a face-to-face rehabilitation program. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 39(2), 169–175. doi: 10.1037/0735-7028.39.2.169
  • Seniow, J., Polanowska, K., Mandat, T., & Laudanski, K. (2003). The cognitive impairments due to the occipito-parietal brain injury after gunshot. A successful neurorehabilitation case study. Brain Injury, 17(8), 701–713. doi: 10.1080/0269905031000088621
  • Shatil, E., Metzer, A., Horvitz, O., & Miller, A. (2010). Home-based personalized cognitive training in MS patients: A study of adherence and cognitive performance. NeuroRehabilitation, 26(2), 143–153.
  • Shinaver III, C. S., Entwistle, P. C., & Soderqvist, W. (2014). Cogmed WM training: Reviewing the reviews. Applied Neuropsychology: Child, 3(Special Issues: Executive Functioning II: Treatment), 163–172. doi: 10.1080/21622965.2013.875314
  • Smith, G. E., Housen, P., Yaffe, K., Ruff, R., Kennison, R. F., Mahncke, H. W., & Zelinski, E. M. (2009). A cognitive training program based on principles of brain plasticity: Results from the Improvement in Memory with Plasticity-based Adaptive Cognitive Training (IMPACT) Study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 57(4), 594–603. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.02167.x
  • Solari, A., Motta, A., Mendozzi, L., Pucci, E., Forni, M., Mancardi, G., & Pozzilli, C. (2004). Computer-aided retraining of memory and attention in people with multiple sclerosis: A randomized, double-blind controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry, 222(2-Jan), 99–104.
  • Soong, W., Tam, S., Man, W., & Hui-Chan, C. (2005). A pilot study on the effectiveness of tele-analogy-based problem-solving training for people with brain injuries. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, 28(4), 341–347. doi: 10.1097/00004356-200512000-00006
  • Spreij, L. A., Visser-Meily, J. M. A., van Heugten, C. M., & Nijboer, T. C. W. (2014). Novel insights into the rehabilatation of memory post acquired brain injury: A systematic review. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8, 110–19. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00993
  • Stablum, F., Umilta, C., Mogentale, C., Carlan, M., & Guerrini, C. (2000). Rehabilitation of executive deficits in closed head injury and anterior communicating artery aneurysm patients. Psychological Research, 63(4-Mar), 265–278. doi: 10.1007/s004269900002
  • Stewart, A. L., Ware, J. E., Sherbourne, C. D., et al. (1992). Psychological distress/well-being and cognitive functioning measures. In A. L. Stewart, J. E. Ware (Eds.), Measuring functioning and well-being: The medical outcomes study approach (pp. 102–142). Durham, NC: Duke University.
  • Stuifbergen, A. K., Becker, H., Perez, F., Morison, J., Kullberg, V., & Todd, A. (2012). A randomized controlled trial of a cognitive rehabilitation intervention for persons with multiple sclerosis. Clinical Rehabilitation, 26(10), 882–893. doi: 10.1177/0269215511434997
  • Sturm, W., & Willmes, K. (1991). Efficacy of a reaction training on various attentional and cognitive functions in stroke patients. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 1(4), 259–280. doi: 10.1080/09602019108402258
  • Sturm, W., Willmes, K., Orgass, B., & Hartje, W. (1997). Do specific attention deficits need specific training? Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 7(2), 81–103. doi: 10.1080/713755526
  • Sullivan, M. J., Edgley, K., & Dehoux, E. (1990). A survey of multiple sclerosis: I. Perceived cognitive problems and compensatory strategy use. Canadian Journal of Rehabilitation, 4, 99–105.
  • Sumowski, J. F., Chiaravalloti, N., & DeLuca, J. (2010). Retrieval practice improves memory in multiple sclerosis: Clinical application of the testing effect.
  • Sumowski, J. F., Leavitt, V. M., Cohen, A., Paxton, J., Chiaravalloti, N. D., & DeLuca, J. (2013). Retrieval practice is a robust memory aid for memory-impaired patients with MS. Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 19(14), 1943–1946. doi: 10.1177/1352458513485980
  • Sunderland, A., Harris, J. E., & Gleave, J. (1984). Memory failures in everyday life following severe head injury. Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology, 6, 127–142. doi: 10.1080/01688638408401204
  • Tam, S., & Man, W. (2004). Evaluating computer-assisted memory retraining programmes for people with post-head injury amnesia. Brain Injury, 18(5), 461–470. doi: 10.1080/02699050310001646099
  • Tate, R. L., Perdices, M., Rosenkoetter, U., Wakim, D., Godbee, K., Togher, L., & McDonald, S. (2013). Revision of a method quality rating scale for single-case experimental designs and n-of-1 trials: The 15-item Risk of Bias in N-of-1 Trials (RoBiNT) Scale. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 23(5), 619–638. doi: 10.1080/09602011.2013.824383
  • Tesar, N., Bandion, K., & Baumhackl, U. (2005). Efficacy of a neuropsychological training programme for patients with multiple sclerosis - A randomised controlled trial. Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift, 117(21–22), 747–754. doi: 10.1007/s00508-005-0470-4
  • Towle, D., Edmans, J., & Lincoln, N. (1988). Use of computer-presented games with memory-impaired stroke patients. Clinical Rehabilitation, 2(4), 303–307. doi: 10.1177/026921558800200406
  • Troyer, A. K., & Rich, J. B. (2002). Psychometric properties of a new metamemory questionnaire for older adults. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 57(1), P19–P27. doi: 10.1093/geronb/57.1.P19
  • Valenzuela, M., & Sachdev, P. (2009). Can cognitive exercise prevent the onset of dementia? Systematic review of randomized clinical trials with longitudinal follow-up. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 17(3), 179–187. doi: 10.1097/JGP.0b013e3181953b57
  • Vanderploeg, R., Schwab, K., Walker, W., Fraser, J., Sigford, B., Date, E., & Warden, D. (2008). Rehabilitation of traumatic brain injury in active duty military personnel and veterans: Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center randomized controlled trial of two rehabilitation approaches. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 89(12), 2227–2238. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2008.06.015
  • Velikonja, D., Tate, R., Ponsford, J., McIntyre, A., Janzen, S., & Bayley, M. (2014). INCOG recommendations for management of cognition following traumatic brain injury, Part V: Memory. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 29, 369–386. doi: 10.1097/HTR.0000000000000069
  • Vogt, A., Kappos, L., Calabrese, P., Stocklin, M., Gschwind, L., Opwis, K., & Penner, I. (2009). Working memory training in patients with Multiple Sclerosis - Comparison of two different training schedules. Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, 27(3), 225–235.
  • Walton, C. C., Mowszowski, L., Lewis, S. J. G., & Naismith, S. (2014). Stuck in the mud: Time for change in the implementation of cognitive training research in ageing? Frontier in Ageing Neuroscience, 6, article 43, 1–4.
  • Waugh, N. (1999). Self-report of the young, middleaged, young-old and old-old individuals on prospective memory functioning ( Unpublished honours thesis). Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.
  • Westerberg, H., Jacobaeus, H., Hirvikoski, T., Clevberger, P., Ostensson, M., Bartfai, A., & Klingberg, T. (2007). Computerized working memory training after stroke - A pilot study. Brain Injury, 21(1), 21–29. doi: 10.1080/02699050601148726
  • Wilier, B., Ottenbacher, K. J., & Coad, M. L. (1994). The community integration questionnaire: A comparative examination. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 73(2), 103–111. doi: 10.1097/00002060-199404000-00006
  • Wood, R., & Fussey, I. (1987). Computer-based cognitive retraining: A controlled study. International Disability Studies, 9(4), 149–153. doi: 10.3109/03790798709166351
  • World Health Organisation. (2001). International Classification of Functioning, disability and health. Geneva: World Health Organisation . Retrieved from http://www3.who.int/idf/icftemplate.cfm
  • Xu, X. D., Ren, H. Y., Prakash, R., Vijayadas, V., & Kumar, R. (2013). Outcomes of neuropsychological interventions of stroke. Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology, 16(3), 319–328. doi: 10.4103/0972-2327.116909
  • Yip, B. C. B., & Man, D. W. K. (2013). Virtual reality-based prospective memory training program for people with acquired brain injury. NeuroRehabilitation, 32(1), 103–115.
  • Zickefoose, S., Hux, K., Brown, J., & Wulf, K. (2013). Let the games begin: A preliminary study using Attention Process Training-3 and Lumosity brain games to remediate attention deficits following traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury, 27(6), 707–716. doi: 10.3109/02699052.2013.775484
  • Zimmermann, P., & Fimm, B. (1997). Fragebogen erlebter Defizite der Aufmerksamkei (FEDA). Freiburg, Germany: Universitat Freiburg.
  • Zucchella, C., Capone, A., Codella, V., De Nunzio, A. M., Vecchione, C., Sandrini, G., & Bartolo, M. (2013). Cognitive rehabilitation for early post-surgery inpatients affected by primary brain tumor: A randomized, controlled trial. Journal of Neuro-Oncology, 114(1), 93–100. doi: 10.1007/s11060-013-1153-z

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.