“Relating through sameness”: a qualitative study of friendship and social isolation in chronic traumatic brain injury

References

• Alston, M., Jones, J., & Curtin, M. (2012). Women and traumatic brain injury: “It’s not visible damage”. Australian Social Work, 65(1), 39–53. doi: 10.1080/0312407X.2011.594898
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrews, S., Gerhart, K., & Hosack, K. (2005). Therapeutic recreation in traumatic brain injury rehabilitation. In M. Ashley (Ed.), Traumatic brain injury. Rehabilitative treatment and case management (pp. 539–556). New York, NY: Taylor & Francis.
   Google Scholar
• Bogart, E., Togher, L., Power, E., & Docking, K. (2012). Casual conversations between individuals with traumatic brain injury and their friends. Brain Injury, 26(3), 221–233. doi:10.3109/02699052.2011.648711
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bond, F., & Godfrey, H. P. (1997). Conversation with traumatically brain injured individuals: A controlled study of behavioural changes and their impact. Brain Injury, 11(5), 319–330. doi: 10.1080/026990597123476
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. doi: 10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
   Google Scholar
• Brooks, J. C., Shavelle, R. M., Strauss, D. J., Hammond, F. M., & Harrison-Felix, C. L. (2015). Long-term survival after traumatic brain injury part II: Life expectancy. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 96(6), 1000–1005. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2015.02.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, M., Gordon, W., & Spielman, L. (2003). Participation in social and recreational activity in the community by individuals with traumatic brain injury. Rehabilitation Psychology, 48(4), 266–274. doi: 10.1037/0090-5550.48.4.266
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burleigh, S. A., Farber, R. S., & Gillard, M. (1998). Community integration and life satisfaction after traumatic brain injury: Long-term findings. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 52(1), 45–52. doi: 10.5014/ajot.52.1.45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlsson, E., Paterson, B. L., Scott-Findlay, S., Ehnfors, M., & Ehrenberg, A. (2007). Methodological issues in interviews involving people with communication impairments after acquired brain damage. Qualitative Health Research, 17(10), 1361–1371. doi: 10.1177/1049732307306926
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coetzer, B. R. (2004). Grief, self-awareness, and psychotherapy following brain injury. Illness, Crisis, & Loss, 12, 171–186. doi:10.1177/1054137303262216
   Google Scholar
• Coetzer, R. (2014). Psychotherapy after acquired brain injury: Is less more? Revista Chilena de Neuropsicología, 9(1), 8–13.
   Google Scholar
• Colantonio, A., Ratcliff, G., Chase, S., Kelsey, S., Escobar, M., & Vernich, L. (2004). Long-term outcomes after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. Disability and Rehabilitation, 26(5), 253–261. doi: 10.1080/09638280310001639722
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dawson, D. R., & Chipman, M. (1995). The disablement experienced by traumatically brain-injured adults living in the community. Brain Injury, 9(4), 339–353. doi: 10.3109/02699059509005774
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Douglas, J. M. (2013). Conceptualizing self and maintaining social connection following severe traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury, 27(1), 60–74. doi: 10.3109/02699052.2012.722254
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eames, P., Cotterill, G., Kneale, T. A., Storrar, A. L., & Yeomans, P. (1996). Outcome of intensive rehabilitation after severe brain injury: A long-term follow-up study. Brain Injury, 10(9), 631–650. doi: 10.1080/026990596124061
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elsass, L., & Kinsella, G. (1987). Social interaction following severe closed head injury. Psychological Medicine, 17(1), 67–78. doi: 10.1017/S003329170001299X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finset, A., Dyrnes, S., Krogstad, J. M., & Berstad, J. (1995). Self-reported social networks and interpersonal support 2 years after severe traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury, 9(2), 141–150. doi: 10.3109/02699059509008187
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleminger, S., & Ponsford, J. (2005). Long-term outcome after traumatic brain injury. British Medical Journal, 331(7530), 1419–1420. doi: 10.1136/bmj.331.7530.1419
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freeman, A., Adams, M., & Ashworth, F. (2015). An exploration of the experience of self in the social world for men following traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 25(2), 189–215. doi: 10.1080/09602011.2014.917686
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Godwin, E., Chappell, B., & Kreutzer, J. (2014). Relationships after TBI: A grounded research study. Brain Injury, 28(4), 398–413. doi: 10.3109/02699052.2014.880514
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenwood, R. J., & McMillan, T. M. (1993). Models of rehabilitation programmes for the brain-injured adult: I. Current provision, efficacy, and good practice. Clinical Rehabilitation, 7(3), 248–255.
   Google Scholar
• Hartley, L. L., & Jensen, P. J. (1991). Narrative and procedural discourse after closed head injury. Brain Injury, 5(3), 267–285. doi: 10.3109/02699059109008097
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hartley, L. L., & Jensen, P. J. (1992). Three discourse profiles of closed-head-injury speakers: Theoretical and clinical implications. Brain Injury, 6(3), 271–281. doi: 10.3109/02699059209029669
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hayes, N. (1997). Theory-led thematic analysis: Social identification in small companies. In N. Hayes (Ed.), Doing qualitative analysis in psychology (pp. 93–113). Hove: Psychology Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hoofien, D., Gilboa, A., Vakil, E., & Donovick, P. J. (2001). Traumatic brain injury (TBI) 10–20 years later: A comprehensive outcome study of psychiatric symptomatology, cognitive abilities and psychosocial functioning. Brain Injury, 15(3), 189–209. doi: 10.1080/026990501300005659
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Judd, T. (1999). Neuropsychotherapy and community integration. Brain illness, emotions and behaviour. New York, NY: Kluwer Academic/Plenum.
   Google Scholar
• Jumisko, E., Lexell, J., & Söderberg, S. (2005). The meaning of living with traumatic brain injury in people with moderate or severe traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neuroscience Nursing, 37(1), 42–50. doi: 10.1097/01376517-200502000-00007
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jumisko, E., Lexell, J., & Söderberg, S. (2009). The meaning of feeling well in people with moderate or severe traumatic brain injury. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 18(16), 2273–2281. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2008.02738.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kagan, A., Black, S. E., Duchan, J. F., Simmons-Mackie, N., & Square, P. (2001). Training volunteers as conversation partners using “supported conversation for adults with aphasia” (SCA): A controlled trial. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 44, 624–638. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2001/051)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karlovits, T., & McColl, M. A. (1999). Coping with community reintegration after severe brain injury: A description of stresses and coping strategies. Brain Injury, 13(11), 845–861. doi: 10.1080/026990599121052
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kinsella, G., Ford, B., & Moran, C. (1989). Survival of social relationships following head injury. International Disability Studies, 11(1), 9–14. doi: 10.3109/02599148909166369
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Klonoff, P. (2010). Psychotherapy after brain injury: Principles and techniques. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Klonoff, P. S. (2005). The art and science of milieu- oriented neurorehabilitation. Barrow Quarterly, 21(2), 14–21.
   Google Scholar
• Konrad, C., Geburek, A. J., Rist, F., Blumenroth, H., Fischer, B., Husstedt, I., … Lohmann, H. (2011). Long-term cognitive and emotional consequences of mild traumatic brain injury. Psychological Medicine, 41(6), 1197–1211. doi: 10.1017/S0033291710001728
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kozloff, R. (1987). Networks of social support and the outcome from severe head injury. The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 2(3), 14–23. doi: 10.1097/00001199-198709000-00004
   Google Scholar
• Lefebvre, H., Cloutier, G., & Josee Levert, M. (2008). Perspectives of survivors of traumatic brain injury and their caregivers on long-term social integration. Brain Injury, 22(7–8), 535–543. doi: 10.1080/02699050802158243
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levack, W. M. M., Kayes, N. M., & Fadyl, J. K. (2010). Experience of recovery and outcome following traumatic brain injury: A metasynthesis of qualitative research. Disability and Rehabilitation, 32(12), 986–999. doi: 10.3109/09638281003775394
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martelli, M. F., Zasler, N. D., & Tiernan, P. (2012). Community based rehabilitation: Special issues. NeuroRehabilitation, 31(1), 3–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazaux, J. M., Masson, F., Levin, H. S., Alaoui, P., Maurette, P., & Barat, M. (1997). Long-term neuropsychological outcome and loss of social autonomy after traumatic brain injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 78(12), 1316–1320. doi: 10.1016/S0003-9993(97)90303-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, L. (1993). Psychotherapy of the brain-injured patient. Reclaiming the shattered self. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company.
   Google Scholar
• Millis, S. R., Rosenthal, M., Novack, T. A., Sherer, M., Nick, T. G., Kreutzer, J. S., … Ricker, J. H. (2001). Long-term neuropsychological outcome after traumatic brain injury. The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 16(4), 343–355. doi: 10.1097/00001199-200108000-00005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mukherjee, D., Reis, J. P., & Heller, W. (2003). Women living with traumatic brain injury: Social isolation, emotional functioning and implications for psychotherapy. Women & Therapy, 26(1/2), 3–26. doi: 10.1300/J015v26n01_01
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olver, J. H., Ponsford, J. L., & Curran, C. A. (1996). Outcome following traumatic brain injury: A comparison between 2 and 5 years after injury. Brain Injury, 10(11), 841–848. doi: 10.1080/026990596123945
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paterson, B., & Scott-Findlay, S. (2002). Critical issues in interviewing people with traumatic brain injury. Qualitative Health Research, 12(3), 399–409. doi: 10.1177/104973202129119973
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paterson, J., & Stewart, J. (2002). Adults with acquired brain injury: Perceptions of their social world. Rehabilitation Nursing, 27(1), 13–18. doi: 10.1002/j.2048-7940.2002.tb01973.x
   Google Scholar
• Patton, M. Q. (1990). Qualitative evaluation and research methods (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Prigatano, G. P. (1989). Work, love and play after brain injury. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 53(5), 414–431.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riley, G., Brennan, A. J., & Powell, T. (2004). Threat appraisal and avoidance after traumatic brain injury: Why and how often are activities avoided? Brain Injury, 18(9), 871–888. doi: 10.1080/02699050410001671829
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roscigno, C. I., & Van Liew, K. (2008). Pushed to the margins and pushing back: A case study of one adult’s reflections on social interactions after a traumatic brain injury sustained as an adolescent. The Journal of Neuroscience Nursing: Journal of the American Association of Neuroscience Nurses, 40(4), 212. doi: 10.1097/01376517-200808000-00005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowlands, A. (2000). Understanding social support and friendship: Implications for intervention after acquired brain injury. Brain Impairment, 1(2), 151–164. doi: 10.1375/brim.1.2.151
   Google Scholar
• Salmon, N. (2013). “We just stick together”: How disabled teens negotiate stigma to create lasting friendship. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 57(4), 347–358. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2012.01541.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sander, A. M., & Struchen, M. A. (2011). Interpersonal relationships and traumatic brain injury. The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 26(1), 1–3. doi: 10.1097/HTR.0b013e3182068588
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schretlen, D. J., & Shapiro, A. M. (2003). A quantitative review of the effects of traumatic brain injury on cognitive functioning. International Review of Psychiatry, 15(4), 341–349. doi: 10.1080/09540260310001606728
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shorland, J., & Douglas, J. M. (2010). Understanding the role of communication in maintaining and forming friendships following traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury, 24(4), 569–580. doi: 10.3109/02699051003610441
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snow, P., Douglas, J., & Ponsford, J. (1998). Conversational discourse abilities following severe traumatic brain injury: A follow up study. Brain Injury, 12(11), 911–935. doi: 10.1080/026990598121981
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Sousa, A., Mcdonald, S., & Rushby, J. (2012). Changes in emotional empathy, affective responsivity, and behaviour following severe traumatic brain injury. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 34(6), 606–623. doi: 10.1080/13803395.2012.667067
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Sousa, A., McDonald, S., Rushby, J., Li, S., Dimoska, A., & James, C. (2010). Why don’t you feel how I feel? Insight into the absence of empathy after severe traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychologia, 48(12), 3585–3595. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.08.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Struchen, M. A., Pappadis, M. R., Sander, A. M., Burrows, C. S., & Myszka, K. A. (2011). Examining the contribution of social communication abilities and affective/behavioral functioning to social integration outcomes for adults with traumatic brain injury. The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 26(1), 30–42. doi: 10.1097/HTR.0b013e3182048f7c
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tate, R., Wakim, D., & Genders, M. (2014). A systematic review of the efficacy of community-based, leisure/social activity programmes for people with traumatic brain injury. Brain Impairment, 15(3), 157–176. doi: 10.1017/BrImp.2014.28
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomsen, I. V. (1984). Late outcome of very severe blunt head trauma: A 10–15 year second follow-up. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 47(3), 260–268. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.47.3.260
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, M. W., Rapport, L. J., Millis, S. R., & Hanks, R. (2014). Psychosocial outcomes after traumatic brain injury: Life satisfaction, community integration, and distress. Rehabilitation Psychology, 59(3), 298–305. doi: 10.1037/a0037164
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood, R. L., & Rutterford, N. (2006). Psychosocial adjustment 17 years after severe brain injury. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 77(1), 71–73. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.2005.065540
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeates, G. (2013). Towards the neuropsychological foundations of couples therapy following acquired brain injury (ABI): A review of empirical evidence and relevant concepts. Neuro-Disability and Psychotherapy, 1(1), 108–150.
   Google Scholar