664
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Predictors of working alliance in cognitive behaviour therapy adapted for traumatic brain injury

, ORCID Icon, , , ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 1682-1700 | Received 17 Nov 2018, Accepted 22 Mar 2019, Published online: 16 Apr 2019

References

  • Alway, Y., Gould, K. R., Johnston, L., McKenzie, D., & Ponsford, J. L. (2016). A prospective examination of axis I psychiatric disorders in the first 5 years following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. Psychological Medicine, 46(6), 1331. doi: 10.1017/S0033291715002986
  • Antony, M. M., Bieling, P. J., Cox, B. J., Enns, M. W., & Swinson, R. P. (1998). Psychometric properties of the 42-item and 21-item versions of the depression anxiety Stress Scales in clinical groups and a community sample. Psychological Assessment, 10(2), 176. doi: 10.1037/1040-3590.10.2.176
  • Bach, L. J., & David, A. S. (2006). Self-awareness after acquired and traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 16(4), 397–414. doi: 10.1080/09602010500412830
  • Beck, A., Rush, A. J., Shaw, B. F., & Emery, G. (1979). Cognitive therapy of depression. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Bédard, M., Felteau, M., Marshall, S., Cullen, N., Gibbons, C., Dubois, S., … Moustgaard, A. (2014). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy reduces symptoms of depression in people with a traumatic brain injury: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 29(4), 13–22. doi: 10.1097/HTR.0b013e3182a615a0
  • Bjelland, I., Dahl, A. A., Haug, T. T., & Neckelmann, D. (2002). The validity of the hospital anxiety and depression scale: An updated literature review. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 52(2), 69–77. doi: 10.1016/S0022-3999(01)00296-3
  • Bombardier, C. H., Fann, J. R., Temkin, N. R., Esselman, P. C., Barber, J., & Dikmen, S. S. (2010). Rates of major depressive disorder and clinical outcomes following traumatic brain injury. Journal of the American Medical Association, 303(19), 1938–1945. doi: 10.1001/jama.2010.599
  • Bordin, E. S. (1979). The generalizability of the psychoanalytic concept of the working alliance. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice, 16(3), 252.
  • Brennan, C., Worrall-Davies, A., McMillan, D., Gilbody, S., & House, A. (2010). The Hospital anxiety and depression scale: A diagnostic meta-analysis of case-finding ability. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 69(4), 371–378. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2010.04.006
  • Bruns, J., & Hauser, W. A. (2003). The epidemiology of traumatic brain injury: A review. Epilepsia, 44, 2–10. doi: 10.1046/j.1528-1157.44.s10.3.x
  • Bryant, R. A., Moulds, M., Guthrie, R., & Nixon, R. D. V. (2003). Treating acute stress disorder following mild traumatic brain injury. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160(3), 585–587. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.160.3.585
  • Burgess, P. W., & Shallice, T. (1997). The Hayling and Brixton test. Thurston. Suffolk: Thames Valley Test Company.
  • Connors, G. J., Diclemente, C. C., Dermen, K. H., Kadden, R., Carroll, K. M., & Frone, M. R. (2000). Predicting the therapeutic alliance in alcoholism treatment. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 61(1), 139. doi: 10.15288/jsa.2000.61.139
  • Coughlan, A. K., Oddy, M., & Crawford, A. R. (2007). BIRT memory, and Information Processing Battery. UK: Brain Injury Rehabilitation Trust.
  • Dahm, J., Wong, D., & Ponsford, J. L. (2013). Validity of the depression anxiety Stress Scales in assessing depression and anxiety following traumatic brain injury. Journal of Affective Disorders, 151(1), 392–396. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.06.011
  • Dawkins, N., Cloherty, M. E., Gracey, F., & Evans, J. J. (2006). The factor structure of the Hospital anxiety and depression scale in acquired brain injury. Brain Injury, 20(12), 1235–1239. doi: 10.1080/02699050601076414
  • Everitt, N., Cini, B., & Kazantzis, N. (2017). Working alliance. In S. G. Hofmann (Ed.), Clinical psychology: A global perspective (pp. 383–398). John Wiley & Sons.
  • Fann, J. R., Hart, T., & Schomer, K. G. (2009). Treatment for depression after traumatic brain injury: A systematic review. Journal of Neurotrauma, 26, 2383–2402. doi: 10.1089/neu.2009.1091
  • Finn, R. H. (1970). A note on estimating the reliability of categorical data. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(1), 71–76. doi: 10.1177/001316447003000106
  • Fleiss, J. L., Levin, B., & Paik, M. C. (2013). Statistical methods for rates and proportions. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Fleming, J. M., & Ownsworth, T. (2006). A review of awareness interventions in brain injury rehabilitation. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 16(4), 474–500. doi: 10.1080/09602010500505518
  • Fleming, J. M., & Strong, J. (1999). A longitudinal study of self-awareness: Functional deficits underestimated by persons with brain injury. The Occupational Therapy Journal of Research, 19(1), 3–17. doi: 10.1177/153944929901900101
  • Flückiger, C., Del Re, A. C., Wampold, B. E., & Horvath, A. O. (2018). The alliance in adult psychotherapy: A meta-analytic synthesis. Psychotherapy, doi: 10.1037/pst0000172
  • Gaston, L., & Marmar, C. R. (1994). The California psychotherapy alliance scales. In A. O. Horvath & L. S. Greenberg (Eds.), The working alliance: Theory, research, and practice (pp. 85–108). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Gould, K. R., Ponsford, J. L., & Spitz, G. (2014). Association between cognitive impairments and anxiety disorders following traumatic brain injury. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 36(1), 1–14. doi: 10.1080/13803395.2013.863832
  • Harrell, F. E., Jr. (2015). Ordinal logistic regression. In F. E. Harrell, Jr. (Ed.), Regression modeling strategies: With application to linear models, logistic and ordinal regression, and survival analysis (2nd ed., pp. 311–325). New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.
  • Hartmann, A., Joos, A., Orlinsky, D. E., & Zeeck, A. (2015). Accuracy of therapist perceptions of patients’ alliance: Exploring the divergence. Psychotherapy Research, 25(4), 408–419. doi: 10.1080/10503307.2014.927601
  • Hatcher, R. L., & Gillaspy, J. A. (2006). Development and validation of a revised short version of the working alliance Inventory. Psychotherapy Research, 16(1), 12–25. doi: 10.1080/10503300500352500
  • Hilsenroth, M. J., Peters, E. J., & Ackerman, S. J. (2004). The development of therapeutic alliance during psychological assessment: Patient and therapist perspectives across treatment. Journal of Personality Assessment, 83(3), 332–344. doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa8303_14
  • Hodgson, J., McDonald, S., Tate, R., & Gertler, P. (2005). A randomised controlled trial of a cognitive-behavioural therapy program for managing social anxiety after acquired brain injury. Brain Impairment, 6(3), 169–180.
  • Horvath, A. O., & Symonds, B. D. (1991). Relation between working alliance and outcome in psychotherapy: A meta-analysis. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 38(2), 139–149.
  • Jacobson, N. S., Dobson, K. S., Truax, P. A., Addis, M. E., Koerner, K., Gollan, J. K., … Prince, S. E. (1996). A component analysis of cognitive-behavioral treatment for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64(2), 295–304.
  • Judd, D., & Wilson, S. L. (2005). Psychotherapy with brain injury survivors: An investigation of the challenges encountered by clinicians and their modifications to therapeutic practice. Brain Injury, 19(6), 437–449. doi: 10.1080/02699050400010994
  • Kazantzis, N., Cronin, T. J., Farchione, D., & Dobson, K. S. (2018). Working alliance in cognitive behavior therapy for depression: Can brief observer alliance assessments yield reliable and valid data. Manuscript in preparation.
  • Kazantzis, N., Dattilio, F. M., & Dobson, K. S. (2017). The therapeutic relationship in cognitive-Behavioral therapy: A Clinician's Guide. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Kelly, G., Brown, S., Todd, J., & Kremer, P. (2008). Challenging behaviour profiles of people with acquired brain injury living in community settings. Brain Injury, 22(6), 457–470. doi: 10.1080/02699050802060647
  • Klonoff, P. S. (2010). Psychotherapy after brain injury: Principles and techniques. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Knerr, M., Bartle-Haring, S., McDowell, T., Adkins, K., Delaney, R. O., Gangamma, R., … Meyer, K. (2011). The impact of initial factors on therapeutic alliance in individual and couples therapy. The Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 37(2), 182. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-0606.2009.00176.x
  • Lorenzo-Luaces, L., DeRubeis, R. J., & Webb, C. A. (2014). Client characteristics as moderators of the relation between the therapeutic alliance and outcome in cognitive therapy for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 82(2), 368. doi: 10.1037/a0035994
  • Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS) with the Beck depression and anxiety Inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33(3), 335–343. doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-U
  • Lysaker, P., Davis, L., Buck, K., Outcalt, S., & Ringer, J. (2011). Negative symptoms and poor insight as predictors of the similarity between client and therapist ratings of therapeutic alliance in cognitive behavior therapy for patients with schizophrenia. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 199(3), 191. doi: 10.1097/NMD.0b013e31820c73eb
  • Markin, R. D., Kivlighan, D. M., Gelso, C. J., Hummel, A. M., & Spiegel, E. B. (2014). Clients’ and therapists’ real relationship and session quality in brief therapy: An actor partner interdependence analysis. Psychotherapy, 51(3), 413. doi: 10.1037/a0036069
  • Martin, D., Garske, J., & Davis, M. (2000). Relation of the therapeutic alliance with outcome and other variables: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68(3), 438–450. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.68.3.438
  • McDonald, S. (2013). Impairments in social cognition following severe traumatic brain injury. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 19(3), 231–246. doi: 10.1017/S1355617712001506
  • Munder, T., Wilmers, F., Leonhart, R., Linster, H. W., & Barth, J. (2010). Working alliance Inventory-short revised (WAI-SR): Psychometric properties in outpatients and inpatients. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 17(3), 231–239. doi: 10.1002/cpp.658
  • Nelson, H. E., & Willison, J. (1991). National adult reading test (NART). Windsor: NFER-Nelson.
  • Norton, P. J., & Kazantzis, N. (2016). Dynamic relationships of therapist alliance and group cohesion in transdiagnostic group CBT for anxiety disorders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 84(2), 146. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000062
  • O'Donnell, M. L., Creamer, M., Pattison, P., & Atkin, C. (2004). Psychiatric morbidity following injury. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161(3), 507–514. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.161.3.507
  • Osborn, A. J., Mathias, J. L., & Fairweather-Schmidt, A. K. (2014). Depression following adult, non-penetrating traumatic brain injury: A meta-analysis examining methodological variables and sample characteristics. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 47, 1–15. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.07.007
  • Ownsworth, T., Desbois, J., Grant, E., Fleming, J. M., & Strong, J. (2006). The associations among self-awareness, emotional well-being, and employment outcome following acquired brain injury. Rehabilitation Psychology, 51(1), 50. doi: 10.1037/0090-5550.51.1.50
  • Ownsworth, T., Little, T., Turner, B., Hawkes, A., & Shum, D. (2008). Assessing emotional status following acquired brain injury: The clinical potential of the depression, anxiety and stress scales. Brain Injury, 22(11), 858–869. doi: 10.1080/02699050802446697
  • Piper, W. E., Ogrodniczuk, J. S., Lamarche, C., Hilscher, T., & Joyce, A. S. (2005). Level of alliance, pattern of alliance, and outcome in short–term group therapy. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 55(4), 527–550. doi: 10.1521/ijgp.2005.55.4.527
  • Ponsford, J. L., Lee, N. K., Wong, D., McKay, A., Haines, K., Alway, Y., … O'Donnell, M. L. (2016). Efficacy of motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression symptoms following traumatic brain injury. Psychological Medicine, 46(5), 1079. doi: 10.1017/S0033291715002640
  • Ponsford, J. L., Sloan, S., & Snow, P. (2012). Traumatic brain injury rehabilitation for everyday adaptive living (2nd ed). New York, NY: Psychology Press.
  • Prigatano, P. G., Klonoff, S. P., O'brien, P. K., Altman, M. I., Amin, M. K., Chiapello, M. D., … Mora, M. M. (1994). Productivity after neuropsychologically oriented milieu rehabilitation. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 9(1), 91–102. doi: 10.1097/00001199-199403000-00011
  • Richardson, C. L., McKay, A. L., & Ponsford, J. L. (2015). Factors influencing self-awareness following traumatic brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 30(2), 43–54. doi: 10.1097/HTR.0000000000000048
  • Rosti-Otajärvi, E., Mäntynen, A., Koivisto, K., Huhtala, H., & Hämäläinen, P. (2014). Predictors and impact of the working alliance in the neuropsychological rehabilitation of patients with multiple sclerosis. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 338(1–2), 156–161. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.12.039
  • Satz, P. (1993). Brain reserve capacity on symptom onset after brain injury: A formulation and review of evidence for threshold theory. Neuropsychology, 7(3), 273.
  • Schönberger, M., Humle, F., & Teasdale, T. W. (2006a). The development of the therapeutic working alliance, patients awareness and their compliance during the process of brain injury rehabilitation. Brain Injury, 20(4), 445–454. doi: 10.1080/02699050600664772
  • Schönberger, M., Humle, F., & Teasdale, T. W. (2006b). Subjective outcome of brain injury rehabilitation in relation to the therapeutic working alliance, client compliance and awareness. Brain Injury, 20(12), 1271–1282. doi: 10.1080/02699050601049395
  • Schönberger, M., Humle, F., Zeeman, P., & Teasdale, T. W. (2006). Working alliance and patient compliance in brain injury rehabilitation and their relation to psychosocial outcome. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 16(3), 298–314. doi: 10.1080/09602010500176476
  • Schönberger, M., & Ponsford, J. L. (2010). The factor structure of the hospital anxiety and depression scale in individuals with traumatic brain injury. Psychiatry Research, 179(3), 342–349. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2009.07.003
  • Schretlen, D. J., & Shapiro, A. M. (2003). A quantitative review of the effects of traumatic brain injury on cognitive functioning. International Review of Psychiatry, 15(4), 341–349. doi: 10.1080/09540260310001606728
  • Sherer, M., Evans, C. C., Leverenz, J., Stouter, J., Irby Jr, J. W., Eun Lee, J., & Yablon, S. A. (2007). Therapeutic alliance in post-acute brain injury rehabilitation: Predictors of strength of alliance and impact of alliance on outcome. Brain Injury, 21(7), 663–672. doi: 10.1080/02699050701481589
  • Snijders, T. A. B., & Bosker, R. J. (2012). Multilevel analysis: An Introduction to Basic and advanced multilevel Modeling (2nd ed). London: Sage.
  • Soo, C., & Tate, R. (2007). Psychological treatment for anxiety in people with traumatic brain injury. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 3. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005239.pub2
  • StataCorp, L. P. (2017). Stata statistical software, version 15.1. College Station, TX: StataCorp LP.
  • Stern, Y. (2002). What is cognitive reserve? Theory and research application of the reserve concept. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 8(3), 448–460. doi: 10.1017.S1355617702813248.
  • Streiner, D., Norman, G. R., & Cairney, J. (2015). Health measurement scales: A practical guide to their development and use (5th ed). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using Multivariate statistics (6th ed). Boston, MA: Pearson Education.
  • Tinsley, H. E. A., & Weiss, D. J. (2000). Interrater reliability and agreement. In H. E. A. Tinsley & S. D. Brown (Eds.), Handbook of applied multivariate statistics and mathematical modeling (pp. 95–124). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
  • Togher, L., Wiseman-Hakes, C., Douglas, J., Stergiou-Kita, M., Ponsford, J. L., Teasell, R., … Turkstra, L. (2014). INCOG recommendations for management of cognition following traumatic brain injury, part IV: Cognitive communication. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 29(4), 353–368. doi: 10.1097/HTR.0000000000000071
  • Tracey, T., & Kokotovic, A. (1989). Factor structure of the working alliance Inventory. Psychological Assessment: A Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1(3), 207.
  • Wade, S. L., Taylor, H. G., Cassedy, A., Zhang, N., Kirkwood, M. W., Brown, T. M., & Stancin, T. (2015). Long-term behavioral outcomes after a randomized, clinical trial of counselor-assisted problem solving for adolescents with complicated mild-to-severe traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neurotrauma, 32(13), 967–975. doi: 10.1089/neu.2014.3684
  • Webb, C. A., Derubeis, R. J., Amsterdam, J. D., Shelton, R. C., Hollon, S. D., & Dimidjian, S. (2011). Two aspects of the therapeutic alliance: Differential relations with depressive symptom change. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology(3), 279–283. doi: 10.1037/a0023252
  • Whitehurst, G. J. (1984). Interrater agreement for journal manuscript reviews. American Psychologist, 39(1), 22–28. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.39.1.22
  • Wong, D., Dahm, J., & Ponsford, J. L. (2013). Factor structure of the depression anxiety Stress Scales in individuals with traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury, 27(12), 1377–1382. doi: 10.3109/02699052.2013.823662
  • Wong, D., McKay, A., Hsieh, M., Haines, K., O’Donnell, M., & Ponsford, J. L. (in press). Cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety and depression – Adapted for brain injury (CBT-ABI): A treatment manual. Sydney: ASSBI Resources.
  • Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983). The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67(6), 361–370. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x
  • Zilcha-Mano, S. (2017). Is the alliance really therapeutic? Revisiting this question in light of recent methodological advances. The American Psychologist, 72(4), 311. doi: 10.1037/a0040435

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.