Psychological distress and gender predict cognitive complaint after adult civilian mild traumatic brain injury in pre-morbidly healthy adults

References

• Aldenkamp, A. P., Baker, G., Pieters, M. S. M., Schoemaker, H. C., Cohen, A. F., & Schwabe, S. (1995). The Neurotoxicity Scale: The validity of a patient-based scale, assessing neurotoxicity. Epilepsy Research, 20(3), 229–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/0920-1211(94)00082-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altemus, M., Sarvaiya, N., & Epperson, C. N. (2014). Sex differences in anxiety and depression clinical perspectives. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 35(3), 320–330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.05.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, J. F. I. (2020). The association between pain type, cognition and complaint after mild traumatic brain injury in prospectively studied premorbidly healthy adults admitted to hospital. Neuropsychology, 34(1), 53–62. https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000585
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, J. F. I. (2021). Cognitive complaint and objective cognition during the post-acute period after mild traumatic brain injury in pre-morbidly healthy adults. Brain Injury, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699052.2020.1859613
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, J. F. I., & Cockle, E. (2021). Investigating the effect of fatigue and psychological distress on information processing speed in the postacute period after mild traumatic brain injury in premorbidly healthy adults. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaa123
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, J. F. I., & Jordan, A. S. (2021). Sex predicts post-concussion symptom reporting, independently of fatigue and subjective sleep disturbance, in premorbidly healthy adults after mild traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/09602011.2021.1993274
   Google Scholar
• Babikian, T., & Boone, K. B. (2007). Intelligence tests as measures of effort. In K. B. Boone (Ed.), Assessment of feigned cognitive impairment: A neuropsychological perspective (pp. 103–127). The Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Barsky, A., Peekna, H., & Borus, J. (2001). Somatic symptom reporting in women and men. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16(4), 266–275. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016004266.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck, A. T., Brown, G., Kiyosaki, R. T., & Lechter, S. L. (1988). An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56(6), 893–897. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.56.6.893
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Behrendt, S. (2014). lm.beta: Add standardized regression coefficients to lm-objects (Version 1.5-1). R Package. https://cran.r-project.org/package=lm.beta
   Google Scholar
• Ben-Shachar, M., Lüdecke, D., & Makowski, D. (2020). Effectsize: Estimation of effect size indices and standardized parameters. Journal of Open Source Software, 5(56), 2815. https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.02815
   Google Scholar
• Benton, A. L., Hamsher, K. de S., & Sivan, A. B. (1994). Multilingual aphasia examination (3rd ed.). AJA Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Bigler, E. D. (2013). Neuroimaging biomarkers in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Neuropsychology Review, 23(3), 169–209. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-013-9237-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blevins, C. A., Weathers, F. W., Davis, M. T., Witte, T. K., & Domino, J. L. (2015). The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5): Development and initial psychometric evaluation. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 28(6), 489–498. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.22059
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bright, P., & van der Linde, I. (2020). Comparison of methods for estimating premorbid intelligence. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 30(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/09602011.2018.1445650
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks, J., Baker, G. A., & Aldenkamp, A. P. (2001). The A-B Neuropsychological Assessment Schedule (ABNAS): The further refinement of a patient-based scale of patient-perceived cognitive functioning. Epilepsy Research, 43(3), 227–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0920-1211(00)00198-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canty, A., & Ripley, B. (2021). Boot: Bootstrap R (S-plus) functions (Version 1.3-28). R Package.
   Google Scholar
• Carroll, L. J., Cassidy, J. D., Holm, L., Kraus, J., & Coronado, V. G. (2004). Methodological issues and research recommendations for mild traumatic brain injury: The WHO collaborating centre task force on mild traumatic brain injury. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 36(Suppl. 43), 113–125. https://doi.org/10.1080/16501960410023877
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cassidy, J. D., Cancelliere, C., Carroll, L. J., Côté, P., Hincapié, C. A., Holm, L. W., Hartvigsen, J., Donovan, J., Nygren-De Boussard, C., Kristman, V. L., & Borg, J. (2014). Systematic review of self-reported prognosis in adults after mild traumatic brain injury: Results of the international collaboration on mild traumatic brain injury prognosis. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 95(3, Suppl. 2), S132–S151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2013.08.299
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cassidy, J. D., Carroll, L. J., Peloso, P. M., Borg, J., Von Holst, H., Holm, L., Kraus, J., & Coronado, V. G. (2004). Incidence, risk factors and prevention of mild traumatic brain injury: Results of the WHO collaborating centre task force on mild traumatic brain injury. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 36(Suppl. 43), 28–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/16501960410023732
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke, L. A., Genat, R. C., & Anderson, J. (2012). Long-term cognitive complaint and post-concussive symptoms following mild traumatic brain injury: The role of cognitive and affective factors. Brain Injury, 26(3), 298–307. https://doi.org/10.3109/02699052.2012.654588
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cnossen, M. C., van der Naalt, J., Spikman, J. M., Nieboer, D., Yue, J. K., Winkler, E. A., Manley, G., von Steinbuechel, N., Polinder, S., Steyerberg, E. W., & Lingsma, H. (2018). Prediction of persistent post-concussion symptoms following mild traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neurotrauma, 35(22), 2691–2698. https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2017.5486
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davison, A. C., & Hinkley, D. v. (1997). Bootstrap methods and their applications. Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dean, P. J. A., O’Neill, D., & Sterr, A. (2012). Post-concussion syndrome: Prevalence after mild traumatic brain injury in comparison with a sample without head injury. Brain Injury, 26(1), 14–26. https://doi.org/10.3109/02699052.2011.635354
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Koning, M. E., Gareb, B., El Moumni, M., Scheenen, M. E., van der Horn, H. J., Timmerman, M. E., Spikman, J. M., & van der Naalt, J. (2016). Subacute posttraumatic complaints and psychological distress in trauma patients with or without mild traumatic brain injury. Injury, 47(9), 2041–2047. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2016.04.036
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D’Souza, A., Mollayeva, S., Pacheco, N., Javed, F., Colantonio, A., & Mollayeva, T. (2019). Measuring change over time: A systematic review of evaluative measures of cognitive functioning in traumatic brain injury. Frontiers in Neurology, 10(May). https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2019.00353
   Google Scholar
• Dworkin, R. H., Turk, D. C., Revicki, D. A., Harding, G., Coyne, K. S., Peirce-Sandner, S., Bhagwat, D., Everton, D., Burke, L. B., Cowan, P., Farrar, J. T., Hertz, S., Max, M. B., Rappaport, B. A., & Melzack, R. (2009). Development and initial validation of an expanded and revised version of the Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ-2). Pain, 144(1–2), 35–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2009.02.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellis, P. D. (2010). The essential guide to effect sizes: Statistical power, meta-analysis, and the interpretation of research results. Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Field, A. P. (2012). Discovering statistics using R. Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Ghaffar, O., McCullagh, S., Ouchterlony, D., & Feinstein, A. (2006). Randomized treatment trial in mild traumatic brain injury. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 61(2), 153–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2005.07.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrell, F. E. (2021). Hmisc: Harrell miscellaneous (Version 4.6-0). R Package.
   Google Scholar
• Hromas, G. A., Houck, Z. M., Asken, B. M., Svingos, A. M., Greif, S. M., Heaton, S. C., Jaffee, M. S., & Bauer, R. M. (2021). Making a difference: Affective distress explains discrepancy between objective and subjective cognitive functioning after mild traumatic brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 36(3), 186–195. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000618
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kassambara, A. (2021). rstatix: Pipe-friendly framework for basic statistical tests (Version 0.7.0). R Package. https://cran.r-project.org/package=rstatix
   Google Scholar
• Kay, T., Newman, B., Cavallo, M., Ezrachi, O., & Resnick, M. (1992). Toward a neuropsychological model of functional disability after mild traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychology, 6(4), 371–384. https://doi.org/10.1037/0894-4105.6.4.371
   Google Scholar
• King, N. S., Crawford, S., Wenden, F. J., Moss, N. E. G., & Wade, D. T. (1995). The Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire: A measure of symptoms commonly experienced after head injury and its reliability. Journal of Neurology, 242(9), 587–592. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00868811
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamb, F., Anderson, J., Saling, M., & Dewey, H. (2013). Predictors of subjective cognitive complaint in postacute older adult stroke patients. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 94(9), 1747–1752. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2013.02.026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landre, N., Poppe, C. J., Davis, N., Schmaus, B., & Hobbs, S. E. (2006). Cognitive functioning and postconcussive symptoms in trauma patients with and without mild TBI. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 21(4), 255–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acn.2005.12.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levin, H. S., & Diaz-Arrastia, R. R. (2015). Diagnosis, prognosis, and clinical management of mild traumatic brain injury. The Lancet Neurology, 14(5), 506–517. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(15)00002-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levin, H. S., Temkin, N. R., Barber, J., Nelson, L. D., Robertson, C., Brennan, J., Stein, M. B., Yue, J. K., Giacino, J. T., McCrea, M. A., Diaz-Arrastia, R., Mukherjee, P., Okonkwo, D. O., Boase, K., Markowitz, A. J., Bodien, Y., Taylor, S., Vassar, M. J., Manley, G. T., … Zafonte, R. (2021). Association of sex and age with mild traumatic brain injury-related symptoms: A TRACK-TBI study. JAMA Network Open, 4(4), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.3046
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levy, A. M., Saling, M. M., & Anderson, J. F. I. (2022). Frequency and extent of cognitive complaint following adult civilian mild traumatic brain injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Impairment, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1017/BrImp.2022.19
   Google Scholar
• Lovejoy, T. I., Turk, D. C., & Morasco, B. J. (2012). Evaluation of the psychometric properties of the revised Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ-2). The Journal of Pain, 13(12), 1250–1257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2012.09.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Machamer, J., Temkin, N., Dikmen, S., Nelson, L. D., Barber, J., Hwang, P., Boase, K., Stein, M. B., Sun, X., Giacino, J., McCrea, M. A., Taylor, S. R., Jain, S., Manley, G., Badjatia, N., Bodien, Y., Diaz-Arrastia, R., Duhaime, A.-C., Feeser, V. R., … Zafonte, R. (2022). Symptom frequency and persistence in the first year after traumatic brain injury: A TRACK-TBI study. Journal of Neurotrauma, 39(5–6), 358–370. https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2021.0348
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manoli, R., Chartaux-Danjou, L., Delecroix, H., Daveluy, W., & Moroni, C. (2020). Is Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20) adequate to measure brain injury related fatigue? Disability and Health Journal, 13(3), 100913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2020.100913
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayer, M. (2022). confintr: Confidence intervals (Version 0.1.2). R Package.
   Google Scholar
• McMahon, P. J., Hricik, A., Yue, J. K., Puccio, A. M., Inoue, T., Lingsma, H. F., Beers, S. R., Gordon, W. A., Valadka, A. B., Manley, G. T., Okonkwo, D. O., Casey, S. S., Cooper, S. R., Dams-O’Connor, K., Menon, D. K., Sorani, M. D., Yuh, E. L., Mukherjee, P., Schnyer, D. M., … Vassar, M. J. (2014). Symptomatology and functional outcome in mild traumatic brain injury: Results from the prospective TRACK-TBI study. Journal of Neurotrauma, 31(1), 26–33. https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2013.2984
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ngwenya, L. B., Gardner, R. C., Yue, J. K., Burke, J. F., Ferguson, A. R., Huang, M. C., Winkler, E. A., Pirracchio, R., Satris, G. G., Yuh, E. L., Mukherjee, P., Valadka, A. B., Okonkwo, D. O., & Manley, G. T. (2018). Concordance of common data elements for assessment of subjective cognitive complaints after mild-traumatic brain injury: A TRACK-TBI pilot study. Brain Injury, 32(9), 1071–1078. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699052.2018.1481527
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips, D., Ngwenya, L., Huang, M., & Saeng Hong, O. (2017). Subjective cognitive complaints in mild traumatic brain injury and 6-month return to work prediction: A track-TBI study. Journal of Clinical and Translational Science, 1(Suppl. 1), 29. https://doi.org/10.1017/cts.2017.112 https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.lib.rmit.edu.au/docview/1908297810?accountid=13552
   Google Scholar
• Polinder, S., Cnossen, M. C., Real, R. G. L., Covic, A., Gorbunova, A., Voormolen, D. C., Master, C. L., Haagsma, J. A., Diaz-Arrastia, R., & Von Steinbuechel, N. (2018). A multidimensional approach to post-concussion symptoms in mild traumatic brain injury. Frontiers in Neurology, 9(December), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2018.01113
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ponsford, J., Cameron, P., Fitzgerald, M., Grant, M., & Mikocka-Walus, A. (2011). Long-term outcomes after uncomplicated mild traumatic brain injury: A comparison with trauma controls. Journal of Neurotrauma, 28(6), 937–946. https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2010.1516
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ponsford, J., Willmott, C., Rothwell, A., Cameron, P., Kelly, A. M., Nelms, R., & Curran, C. (2002). Impact of early intervention on outcome following mild head injury in adults. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 73(3), 330–332. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.73.3.330
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Potter, S., Leigh, E., Wade, D., & Fleminger, S. (2006). The Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire: A confirmatory factor analysis. Journal of Neurology, 253(12), 1603–1614. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-006-0275-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raymont, V., & Fleminger, S. (2022). Alwyn Lishman’s contribution to the neuropsychiatry of head injury (traumatic brain injury); two key papers. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 27, 289–295. https://doi.org/10.1080/13546805.2022.2047631
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R Core Team. (2019). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74686-7; https://www.R-project.org/
   Google Scholar
• Reitan, R. M. (1992). Trail Making Test: Manual for administration and scoring. Reitan Neuropsychological Laboratory.
   Google Scholar
• Rush, A. J., Gullion, C. M., Basco, M. R., Jarrett, R. B., & Trivedi, M. H. (1996). The Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDS): Psychometric properties. Psychological Medicine, 26(3), 477–486. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291700035558
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt, M. (1996). Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test. Western Psychological Services.
   Google Scholar
• Signorell, A. (2023). DescTools: Tools for descriptive statistics (Version 0.99.48). R Package. https://cran.r-project.org/package=DescTools
   Google Scholar
• Silverberg, N. D., & Iverson, G. L. (2011). Etiology of the post-concussion syndrome: Physiogenesis and psychogenesis revisited. NeuroRehabilitation, 29(4), 317–329. https://doi.org/10.3233/NRE-2011-0708
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smets, E. M. A., Garssen, B., Bonke, B., & De Haes, J. C. J. M. (1995). The Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI) psychometric qualities of an instrument to assess fatigue. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 39(5), 315–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3999(94)00125-O
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, A. (1982). Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) manual. Western Psychological Services.
   Google Scholar
• Stevenson, M., Sergeant, E., Nunes, T., Heuer, C., Marshall, J., Sanchez, J., Thornton, R., Reiczigel, J., Robison-Cox, J., Sebastiani, P., Solymos, P., Yoshida, K., Jones, G., Pirikahu, S., Firestone, S., Kyle, R., Popp, J., Jay, M., Reynard, C., … Rabiee, A. (2022). epiR: Tools for the analysis of epidemiological data (Version 2.0.54). R Package.
   Google Scholar
• Steward, K. A., Novack, T. A., Kennedy, R., Crowe, M., Marson, D. C., & Triebel, K. L. (2017). The Wechsler Test of Adult Reading as a measure of premorbid intelligence following traumatic brain injury. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 32(1), 98–103. https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acw081
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stillman, A. M., Madigan, N., Torres, K., Swan, N., & Alexander, M. P. (2019). Subjective cognitive complaints in concussion. Journal of Neurotrauma, 311, 305–311. https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2018.5925
   Google Scholar
• Strauss, E., Sherman, E. M. S., & Spreen, O. (2006). A compendium of neuropsychological tests: Administration, norms, and commentary (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Stulemeijer, M., Vos, P. E., Bleijenberg, G., & van der Werf, S. P. (2007). Cognitive complaints after mild traumatic brain injury: Things are not always what they seem. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 63(6), 637–645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2007.06.023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suhr, J. A., & Gunstad, J. (2002). “Diagnosis threat”: The effect of negative expectations on cognitive performance in head injury. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 24(4), 448–457. https://doi.org/10.1076/jcen.24.4.448.1039
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sullivan, G. M., & Feinn, R. (2012). Using effect size—or why the P value is not enough. Journal of Graduate Medical Education, 4(3), 279–282. https://doi.org/10.4300/JGME-D-12-00156.1
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tabachnick, B., & Fidell, L. (2013). Cleaning up your act: Screening data prior to analysis. In B. Tabachnick & L. Fidell (Eds.), Using multivariate statistics (6th ed., pp. 94–152). Pearson Education.
   Google Scholar
• Te Ao, B., Brown, P., Tobias, M., Ameratunga, S., Barker-Collo, S., Theadom, A., McPherson, K., Starkey, N., Dowell, A., Jones, K., & Feigin, V. L. (2014). Cost of traumatic brain injury in New Zealand: Evidence from a population-based study. Neurology, 83(18), 1645–1652. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000000933
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teo, S. H., Fong, K. N. K., Chen, Z., & Chung, R. C. K. (2020). Cognitive and psychological interventions for the reduction of post-concussion symptoms in patients with mild traumatic brain injury: A systematic review. Brain Injury, 34(10), 1305–1321. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699052.2020.1802668
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Theadom, A., Barker-Collo, S., Jones, K., Kahan, M., Te Ao, B., McPherson, K., Starkey, N., & Feigin, V. (2017). Work limitations 4 years after mild traumatic brain injury: A cohort study. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 98(8), 1560–1566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2017.01.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voormolen, D. C., Polinder, S., von Steinbuechel, N., Vos, P. E., Cnossen, M. C., & Haagsma, J. A. (2019). The association between post-concussion symptoms and health-related quality of life in patients with mild traumatic brain injury. Injury, 50(5), 1068–1074. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2018.12.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weathers, F. W., Litz, B. T., Keane, T. M., Palmieri, P. A., Marx, B. P., & Schnurr, P. P. (2013). The PTSD checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). www.ptsd.va.gov
   Google Scholar
• Wechsler, D. (2001). Wechsler Test of Adult Reading. The Psychological Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Wechsler, D. (2008). Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (4th ed.). The Psychological Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Wickham, H., Averick, M., Bryan, J., Chang, W., McGowan, L., François, R., Grolemund, G., Hayes, A., Henry, L., Hester, J., Kuhn, M., Pedersen, T., Miller, E., Bache, S., Müller, K., Ooms, J., Robinson, D., Seidel, D., Spinu, V., … Yutani, H. (2019). Welcome to the tidyverse. Journal of Open Source Software, 4(43), https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.01686
   Google Scholar
• Wilde, E. A., Whiteneck, G. G., Bogner, J., Bushnik, T., Cifu, D. X., Dikmen, S., French, L., Giacino, J. T., Hart, T., Malec, J. F., Millis, S. R., Novack, T. A., Sherer, M., Tulsky, D. S., Vanderploeg, R. D., & Von Steinbuechel, N. (2010). Recommendations for the use of common outcome measures in traumatic brain injury research. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 91(11), 1650–1660.e17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2010.06.033
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar