Composition of the non-protein nitrogen fraction of goat whole milk powder and goat milk-based infant and follow-on formulae

References

• Alferez MJM, Aliaga IL, Barrionuevo M, Campos MS. Effect of dietary inclusion of goat's milk on the bioavailability of zinc and selenium in rats. J Dairy Res 2003; 70: 181–187
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agostoni C, Carratù B, Boniglia C, Riva E, Sanzini E. Free amino acid content in standard infant formulae: Comparison to human milk. J Am Coll Nutr 2000; 19: 434–438
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Auldist MJ, Walsh BJ, Thompson NA. Seasonal and lactational influences on milk composition in New Zealand. J Dairy Res 1998; 65: 401–411
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bardocz S, Duguid TJ, Brown DS, Grant G, Pusztai A, White A, Ralph A. The importance of dietary polyamines in cell regeneration and growth. Br J Nutr 1995; 73: 819–829
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrionuevo M, Alferez MJM, Lopez Aliaga I, Sanz Sampelayo MR, Campos MS. Beneficial effect of goat milk on nutritive utilisation of iron and copper in malabsorption syndrome. J Dairy Sci 2002; 85: 657–664
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrionuevo M, Lopez Aliaga I, Alferez MJM, Mesa E, Nestares T, Campos MS. Beneficial effect of goat milk on bioavailability of copper, zinc and selenium in rats. J Physiol Biochem 2003; 59: 111–118
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brunser O, Espinoza J, Araya M, Cruchet S, Gil A. Effect of dietary nucleotide supplementation on diarrhoeal disease in infants. Acta Paediatr 1994; 83: 188–191
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buck RH, Thomas DL, Winship TR, Cordle CT, Kuchan MJ, Baggs GE, Schaller JP, Wheeler JG. Effect of dietary ribonucleotides on infant immune status. Part 2: Immune cell development. Pediatr Res 2004; 56: 891–900
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campos MS, Lopez-Aliaga I, Alferez MJM, Nestares T, Barrionuevo M. Effect of goat's or cow's milk on nutritive utilisation of calcium and phosphorous in rats with intestinal resection. Br J Nutr 2003; 90: 61–67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Capano G, Bloch KJ, Carter EA, Dascoli JA, Schoenfeld D, Harmatz PR. Polyamines in human and rat milk influence intestinal growth in vitro. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1998; 27: 281–286
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlson SE. Human milk nonprotein nitrogen: Occurrence and possible functions. Adv Paediatr 1985; 32: 43–70
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chuang C-K, Lin S-P, Lee H-C, Wang T-J, Shih Y-S, Huang F-Y, Yeung C-Y. Free amino acids in full-term and pre-term human milk and infant formula. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2005; 40: 496–500
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CODEX Alimentarius. 1981. Codex standard 72 on infant formula. Available online at: http://www.codexalimentarius.net/download/standards/288/CXS_072e.pdf. Accessed 25/05/2007.
   Google Scholar
• Dandrifosse G, Peulen O, El Khefif N, Deloyer P, Dandrifosse AC, Grandfils C. Are milk polyamines preventative agents against food allergy?. Proc Nutr Soc 2000; 59: 81–86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donovan SM, Lonnerdal B. Non-protein nitrogen and true protein in infant formulae. Acta Paediatr 1989; 78: 497–504
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duchen K, Thorell L. Nucleotide and polyamine levels in colostrum and mature milk in relation to maternal atopy and atopic development in the children. Acta Paediatr 1999; 88: 1338–1343
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duggan C, Gannon J, Walker WA. Protective nutrients and functional foods for the gastrointestinal tract. Am J Clin Nutr 2002; 75: 789–808
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferreira IMPLVO. Quantification of non-protein nitrogen components of infant formulae and follow-up milks: comparison with cows and human milk. Br J Nutr 2003; 90: 127–133
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuller MF, Reeds PJ. Nitrogen cycling in the gut. Ann Rev Nutr 1998; 18: 385–411
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• García-Ruiz A, López-Fandiño R, Lozada L, Fontecha J, Fraga MJ, Juarez M. Distribution of nitrogen in goats milk and use of capillary electrophoresis to determine casein fractions. J Dairy Res 2000; 67: 113–117
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gil A, Sanchez-Medina F. Acid-soluble nucleotides of cow's, goat's and sheep's milks, at different stages of lactation. J Dairy Res 1981; 48: 35–44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gil A, Sanchez-Medina F. Acid-soluble nucleotides of human milk at different stages of lactation. J Dairy Res 1982; 49: 301–307
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant C, Rotherham B, Sharpe S, Scragg R, Thompson J, Andrews J, Wall C, Murphy J, Lowry D. Randomized, double-blind comparison of growth in infants receiving goat milk infant formula versus cow milk infant formula. J Paediatr Child Health 2005; 41: 564–568
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greco S, Niepceron E, Hugueny I, George P, Louisot P, Biol MC. Dietary spermidine and spermine participate in the maturation of galactosyltransferase activity and glycoprotein galactosylation in rat small intestine. J Nutr 2001; 131: 1890–1897
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hachelaf W, Boukhrelda M, Benbouabdellah M, Coquin P, Desjeux JF, Boudraa G, Touhami M. Comparative digestability of goats versus cows milk fats in children with digestive malnutrition. LAIT 1993; 73: 593–599
   Google Scholar
• Hadjipanayiotou M. Composition of ewe, goat and cow milk and of colostrum of ewes and goats. Small Rum Res 1995; 18: 255–262
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haenlein GFW. Goat milk in human nutrition. Small Rum Res 2004; 51: 155–163
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawkes JS, Gibson RA, Roberton D, Makrides M. Effect of dietary nucleotide supplementation on growth and immune function in term infants: A randomized controlled trial. Eur J Clin Nutr 2006; 60: 254–264
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heine W, Tiess M, Wutzke KD. 15N tracer investigations of the physiological availability of urea nitrogen in mother's milk. Acta Paediatr Scand 1986; 75: 439–443
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• International Dairy Federation. 1993. Milk determination of nitrogen content. FIL-IDF standard no. 20B. International Dairy Federation Brussels.
   Google Scholar
• ISO 2002. Milk and milk products. Determination of nitrogen content. Routine method using combustion according to the Dumas principle. Geneva: ISO 14891:2002.
   Google Scholar
• Jackson AA. Urea as a nutrient: Bioavailability and role in nitrogen economy. Arch Dis Child 1994; 70: 3–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johke T. Nucleotides of mammary secretions, lactation: A comprehensive Treatise. vol 2. Elsevier, Philadelphia, PA 1974; 513–522
   Google Scholar
• Leach JL, Baxter JH, Molitor BE, Ramstack MB, Masor ML. Total potentially available nucleosides of human milk by stage of lactation. Am J Clin Nutr 1995; 61: 1224–1230
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopez-Aliaga I, Alferez MJM, Barrionuevo M, Lisbona F, Campos MS. Influence of goat and cow milk on the digestive and metabolic utilization of calcium and iron. J Physiol Biochem 2000; 56: 201–208
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopez-Aliaga I, Alferez MJM, Barrionuevo M, Nestarez T, Sanz Sampelayo MR, Campos MS. Study of nutritive utilisation of protein and magnesium in rats with resection of the distal small intestine. Beneficial effect of goat milk. J Dairy Sci 2003; 86: 2958–2966
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mack PB. A preliminary nutrition study of the value of goat's milk in the diet of children. Yearbook of the American Goat Society. American Goat Society Publisher, Mena, Arkansas 1953; 106–132
   Google Scholar
• Martin M-J, Martin-Sosa S, Garcia-Pardo L-A, Hueso P. Distribution of bovine milk sialoglycoconjugates during lactation. J Dairy Sci 2001; 86: 995–1000
   Google Scholar
• Masson P, Ohlsson P, Bjorkman I. Combined enzymatic Jaffe method for determination of creatinine in serum. Clin Chem 1981; 27: 18–21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehaia MA, Al-Kanhal MA. Taurine and other free amino-acids in milk of camel, goat, cow and man. Milchwissenschaft 1992; 47: 351–353
   Google Scholar
• Murry AC, Gelaya S, Casey JM, Foutz TL, Kouakou B, Arora D. Type of milk consumed can influence plasma concentration of fatty acids and minerals and body composition in infant and weaning pigs. Amer Soc Nut Sci 1999; 129: 132–138
   Google Scholar
• Nicholas GD, Auldist MJ, Molan PC, Stelwagen K, Prosser CG. Effects of stage of lactation and time of year on plasmin-derived proteolytic activity in bovine milk in New Zealand. J Dairy Res 2002; 69: 533–540
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peulen O, Dewe W, Drandrifosse G, Henrotay I, Romain N. The relationship between spermine content of human milk during the first postnatal month and allergy in children. Public Health Nutr 1998; 1: 181–184
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pickering LK, Granoff DM, Erickson JR, Masor ML, Cordle CT, Schaller JP, Winship TR, Paule CL, Hilty MD. Modulation of the immune system by human milk and infant formula containing nucleotides. Pediatrics 1998; 101: 242–249
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ploszaj T, Ryniewicz Z, Motyl T. Polyamines in goat's colostrum and milk. Comp Biochem Physiol B 1997; 118: 45–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Razafindrakoto O, Ravelomanana N, Rasolofo A, Rakotoarimanana RD, Gourgue P, Coquin P, Briend A, Desjeux JF. Goats milk as a substitute for cows milk in undernourished children—a randomised double-blind clinical trial. LAIT 1993; 73: 601–611
   Google Scholar
• Romain N, Dandrifosse G, Jeusette F, Forget P. Polyamine concentration in rat milk and food, human milk and infant formulae. Pediatr Res 1992; 32: 58–63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rutherfurd SM, Darragh AJ, Hendriks WH, Prosser CG, Lowry D. True ileal amino acid digestibility of goat and cow milk infant formulae. J Dairy Sci 2006a; 89: 2408–2413
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rutherfurd SM, Darragh AJ, Hendriks WH, Prosser CG, Lowry D. Mineral retention in three-week-old piglets fed a goat and a cow milk infant formula. J Dairy Sci 2006b; 89: 4520–4526
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaller JP, Kuchan MJ, Thomas DL, Cordle CT, Winship TR, Buck RH, Baggs GE, Wheeler JG. Effect of dietary ribonucleotides on infant immune status. Part 1: Humoral responses. Pediatr Res 2004; 56: 883–890
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugawara M, Sato N, Nakano T, Idota T, Nakajima I. Profile of nucleotides and nucleosides of human milk. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 1995; 41: 409–418
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tram TH, Brand-Miller JC, McNeil Y, McVeagh P. Sialic acid content of infant saliva: Comparison of breast fed with formula fed infants. Arch Dis Child 1997; 77: 315–318
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tripaldi C, Martillotti F, Terramoccia S. Content of taurine and other free amino acids in milk of goats bred in Italy. Small Rum Res 1998; 30: 127–136
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang B, Brand-Miller J, McVeagh P, Petocz P. Concentrations and distribution of sialic acid in human milk and infant formulas. Am J Clin Nutr 2001; 74: 510–515
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woollard DC, Indyk HE, Woollard GA. Enzymatic determination of carnitine in milk and infant formula. Food Chem 1997; 59: 325–332
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yau KI, Huang CB, Chen W, Chen SJ, Chou YH, Huang FY, Kua KE, Chen N, McCue M, Alarcon PA, et al. Effect of nucleotides on diarrhea and immune responses in healthy term infants in Taiwan. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2003; 36: 37–43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar