Effect of preparation method on viscosity and energy density of fortified humanitarian food-aid commodities

References

• Adu-Afarwuah S, Lartey A, Brown KH, Zlotkin S, Briend A, Dewey KG. Home fortification of complementary foods with micronutrient supplements is well accepted and has positive effects on infant iron status in Ghana. Am J Clin Nutr 2008; 87: 929–938
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bajaj M, Dubey AP, Nagpal Jl, Singh PK, Sachdev HPS. Short-term effect of oil supplementation of complementary food on total ad libitum consumption in 6- to 10-month-old breastfed indian infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2005; 41: 61–65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernal MJ, Periago MJ, Ros G. Effects of processing on dextrin, total starch, dietary fiber and starch digestibility in infant cereals. J Food Sci 2002; 67: 1249–1254
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dewey KG, Brown KH. Update on technical issues concerning complementary feeding of young children in developing countries and implications for intervention programs. Food Nutr Bull 2003; 24: 5–28
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Galpin L, Thakwalakwa C, Phuka J, Ashorn P, Maleta K, Wong WW, Manary MJ. Breast milk intake is not reduced more by the introduction of energy dense complementary food than by typical infant porridge. J Nutr 2007; 137: 1828–1833
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoppe C, Andersen GS, Jacobsen S, Molgaard C, Friis H, Sangild PT, Michaelsen KF. The use of whey or skimmed milk powder in fortified blended foods for vulnerable groups. J Nutr 2008; 138: 145S–161S
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Islam MM, Peerson JM, Ahmed T, Dewey KG, Brown KH. Effects of varied energy density of complementary foods on breast-milk intakes and total energy consumption by healthy, breastfed Bangladeshi children. Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 83: 851–858
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konstance RP, Strange ED, Onwulata CI. Processing properties of extruded corn-soy Blends. J Food Sci 2002; 67: 347–350
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin CA, Manary MJ, Maleta K, Briend A, Ashorn P. An energy-dense complementary food is associated with a modest increase in weight gain when compared with a fortified porridge in Malawian children aged 6-18 months. J Nutr 2008; 3: 593–598
   Google Scholar
• Masha GGK, Ipsen R, Petersen MA, Jakobsen M. Microbiological, rheological and aromatic characteristics of fermented Uji. World J Microb Biot 1998; 14: 451–456
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mosha AC, Svanberg U. The acceptance and intake of bulk-reduced weaning foods: the Luganga village study. Food Nutr Bull 1990; 12: 1
   Google Scholar
• Mouquet C, Trèche S. Viscosity of gruels for infants: a comparison of measurement procedures. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2001; 52: 389–400
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mouquet C, Salvignol B, Van Hoan N, Monvois J, Treche S. Ability of a ‘very low-cost extruder’ to produce instant infant flours at a small scale in Vietnam. Food Chem 2003; 82: 249–255
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mouquet C, Greffeuille V, Trèche S. Characterization of the consistency of gruels consumed by infants in developing countries: assessment of the Bostwick consistometer and comparison with viscosity measurement and sensory perception. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2006; 57: 459–469
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moursi M, Mbemba F, Treche S. Does the consumption of amylase-containing gruels impact on the energy intake and growth of Congolese infants?. Publ Health Nutr 2003; 6(3)249–257
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nout MJR. Processed weaning foods for tropical climates. Int J Food Sci Nutr 1993; 43: 213–221
   Google Scholar
• Owino V, Sinkala M, Amadi B, Tomkins A, Filteau S. Acceptability, storage stability and costing of α-amylase-treated maize-beans-groundnuts-bambaranuts complementary blend. J Sci Food Agric 2007; 87: 1021–1029
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowe JP, Brodegard WC, Pike OA, Steele FM, Dunn ML. Storage, preparation, and usage of fortified food aid in the diet of Guatemalan, Ugandan, and Malawian beneficiaries: A field study report. Food Nutr Bull 2008; 29(3)213–220
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stephenson DM, Meeks Gardner JM, Walker SP, Ashworth A. Weaning-food viscosity and energy density: their effects on ad libitum consumption and energy intakes in Jamaican children. Am J Clin Nutr 1994; 60: 465–469
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thorne MJ, Thompson LU, Jenkins DJA. Factors affecting starch digestibility and the glycemic response with special reference to legumes. Am J Clin Nutr 1983; 38: 481–488
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees. 1999. UNHCR/WFP guidelines for selective feeding programmes in emergencies. Geneva, Switzerland: UN High Commissioner for Refugees. Available online at: http://www.unhcr.org/publ.html (accessed 8 April 2008).
   Google Scholar
• US Department of Agriculture. 2007. U.S. food-aid tables: table III. Washington, DC: US Department of Agriculture. Available online at: www.fas.usda.gov/excredits/FoodAid/Reports/reports.html (accessed 22 August 2007).
   Google Scholar
• US Agency for International Development. 2008a. Commodities reference guide—part II, module 1: maternal child health and nutrition. Washington, DC: US Agency for International Development. Available online at:, , www.usaid.gov/our_work/humanitarian_assistance/ffp/crg/module1.html. (accessed 8 April 2008).
   Google Scholar
• US Agency for International Development. 2008b. Food for peace commodities reference guide: part 1 food aid commodities and fact sheets: section 1 commodities. Available online at:, , www.usaid.gov/our_work/humanitarian_assistance/ffp/crg/sec1.htm#characteristics. (accessed 3 April 2008).
   Google Scholar
• Vieu MC, Traore T, Treche S. Effects of energy density and sweetness of gruels on Burkinabe infant energy intakes in free living conditions. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2001; 52: 213–218
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weaver LT, Dibba B, Sonko B, Bohane TD. Measurement of starch digestion of naturally C13-enriched weaning foods, before and after partial digestion with amylase rich flour. Br J Nutr 1995; 74: 531–537
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar