2,928
Views
32
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

The feasibility, acceptability and preliminary efficacy of a low-cost, virtual-reality based, upper-limb stroke rehabilitation device: a mixed methods study

ORCID Icon, , ORCID Icon, , , , & show all
Pages 2119-2134 | Received 17 May 2017, Accepted 27 Mar 2018, Published online: 12 Apr 2018

References

  • Stroke Association. State of the Nation Stroke Statistics [Internet]; 2016 [cited 2017 Feb 16]. Available from: http://www.stroke.org.uk/resource-sheet-nation-stroke-statistics
  • McHugh G, Swain ID, Jenkinson D. Treatment components for upper limb rehabilitation after stroke: a survey of UK national practice. Disabil Rehabil. 2014;36:925–931.
  • Hughes A, Burridge J, Demain S, et al. Translation of evidence-based assistive technologies into stroke rehabilitation: users’ perceptions of the barriers and opportunities. BMC Health Serv Res. 2014;14:124.
  • Nakayama H, Jorgensen H, Raaschou H, et al. Recovery of upper extremity function in stroke patients: the Copenhagen Stroke Study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1994;75:394–398.
  • Kwakkel G, Kollen B, van der Grond J, et al. Probability of regaining dexterity in the flaccid upper limb: impact of severity of paresis and time since onset in acute stroke. Stroke. 2003;34:2181–2186.
  • Nichols-Larsen DS, Clark PC, Zeringue A, et al. Factors influencing stroke survivors’ quality of life during subacute recovery. Stroke. 2005;36:1480–1484.
  • Wyller TB, Sveen U, Sodring KM, et al. Subjective well-being one year after stroke. Clin Rehabil. 1997;11:139–145.
  • Rankin G, Rushton A, Olver P, et al. Chartered Society of Physiotherapy’s identification of national research priorities for physiotherapy using a modified Delphi technique. Physiotherapy. 2012;98:260–272.
  • Langhorne P, Coupar F, Pollock A. Motor recovery after stroke: a systematic review. Lancet Neurol. 2009;8:741–754.
  • NICE. Stroke rehabilitation in adults [Internet]; 2013 [cited 2016 Nov 10]. Available from: http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/CG162
  • CSP. A new ambition for stroke. A consultation on national response strategy response from the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy. London: CSP; [Internet] 2007. [cited 2017 Apr 11]. Available from: http://www.csp.org.uk/press-releases/200712/05/csp-responds-new-department-health-stroke-strategy
  • Barker R, Brauer S. Upper limb recovery after stroke: the stroke survivors’ perspective. Disabil Rehabil. 2005;27:1213–1223.
  • Department of Health. National stroke strategy. London: Department of Health; 2007.
  • McHugh G, Swain ID. A comparison between reported and ideal patient-to-therapist ratios for stroke rehabilitation. Health. 2013;05:105–112.
  • Donoso Brown EV, Dudgeon BJ, Gutman K, et al. Understanding upper extremity home programs and the use of gaming technology for persons after stroke. Disabil Health J. 2015;8:507–513.
  • Jurkiewicz M, Marzolini S, Oh P. Adherence to a home-based exercise program for individuals after stroke. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2014;18:277–284.
  • Hendrie W. The dog ate my trainers. Synapse. 2011;25:24.
  • Disler P, Wade D. Should all stroke rehabilitation be home based? Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2003;82:733–735.
  • Hung YX, Huang PC, Chen KT, et al. What do stroke patients look for in game-based rehabilitation: a survey study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95:e3032.
  • Turolla A, Dam M, Ventura L, et al. Virtual reality for the rehabilitation of the upper limb motor function after stroke: a prospective controlled trial. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2013;10:85.
  • Veerbeek JM, van Wegen R, van Peppen R, et al. What is the evidence for physical therapy poststroke? A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2014;9:e87987.
  • Laver K, George S, Thomas S, et al. Virtual reality for stroke rehabilitation [systematic review]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;9:1–107.
  • Ballester BR, Maier M, San Segundo R, et al. Reinforcement-induced movement therapy: a novel approach for overcoming learned non-use in chronic stroke patients. Proceedings of the International Conference on Virtual Rehabilitation (ICVR), 2015, IEEE, p. 183–190.
  • Subramanian SK, Lourenco CB, Chilingaryan G, et al. Arm motor recovery using a virtual reality intervention in chronic stroke: randomized control trial. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2013;27:13–23.
  • Kiper P, Piron L, Turolla A, et al. The effectiveness of reinforced feedback in virtual environment in the first 12 months after stroke. Neurol Neurochir Pol. 2011;45:436–444.
  • Peek K, Sanson-Fisher R, Mackenzie L, et al. Interventions to aid patient adherence to physiotherapist prescribed self-management strategies: a systematic review. Physiotherapy. 2016;102:127–135.
  • Kwakkel G, Kollen B, Lindeman E. Understanding the pattern of functional recovery after stroke: facts and theories. Restor Neurol Neurosci. 2004;22:281–299.
  • Franceschini M, Ceravolo MG, Agosti M, et al. Clinical relevance of action observation in upper-limb stroke rehabilitation: a possible role in recovery of functional dexterity. A randomized clinical trial. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2012;26:456–462.
  • Pekna M, Pekny M, Nilsson M. Modulation of neural plasticity as a basis for stroke rehabilitation. Stroke. 2012;43:2819–2828.
  • Celnik P, Stefan K, Hummel F, et al. Encoding a motor memory in the older adult by action observation. Neuroimage. 2006;29:677–684.
  • Ertelt D, Small S, Solodkin A, et al. Action observation has a positive impact on rehabilitation of motor deficits after stroke. Neuroimage. 2007;36(Suppl2):T164–T173.
  • Scherer MJ. Technology adoption, acceptance, satisfaction and benefit: integrating various assistive technology outcomes. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol. 2017;12:1–2.
  • Ravenek KE, Wolfe DL, Hitzig SL. A scoping review of video gaming in rehabilitation. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol. 2015;27:1–9.
  • Thomson K, Pollock A, Bugge C, et al. Commercial gaming devices for stroke upper limb rehabilitation: a survey of current practice. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol. 2016;11:454–461.
  • Warland A, Kilbride C, Tsekleves E, et al. ReWiiRe (Research in Wii Rehabilitation): user involvement in the development of a personalised rehabilitation system for arm re-education after stroke. Int J Stroke. 2012;7(Suppl 2):27.
  • Wingham J, Adie K, Turner D, et al. experience of the Nintendo Wii Sports after stroke: qualitative study of the trial of Wii in stroke (TWIST). Clin Rehabil. 2015;29:295–305.
  • Joo LY, Yin T, Xu D, et al. A feasibility study using interactive commercial off-the-shelf computer gaming in upper limb rehabilitation in patients after stroke. J Rehabil Med. 2010;42:437–441.
  • Thomson K, Pollock A, Bugge C, et al. Commercial gaming devices for stroke upper limb rehabilitation: a systematic review. Int J Stroke. 2014;9:479–488.
  • Tsekleves E, Paraskevopoulos I, Warland A, et al. Development and preliminary evaluation of a novel low cost VR-based upper limb stroke rehabilitation platform using Wii technology. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol. 2016;11:413–422.
  • Teo WP, Muthalib M, Yamin S, et al. Does a combination of virtual reality, neuromodulation and neuroimaging provide a comprehensive platform for neurorehabilitation? – a narrative review of the literature. Front Hum Neurosci. 2016;10:284.
  • Lange B, Koenig S, Chang CY, et al. Designing informed game-based rehabilitation tasks leveraging advances in virtual reality. Disabil Rehabil. 2012;34:1863–1870.
  • Bower K, Louie J, Landersrocha Y, et al. Clinical feasibility of interactive motion-controlled games for stroke rehabilitation. J Neuroengineering Rehabil. 2015;12:63.
  • Craig P, Dieppe P, MacIntyre S, et al. Developing and evaluating complex Interventions: the new Medical Research Council guidance. BMJ. 2008;337:a1655.
  • Crosbie JH, Lennon S, Basford JR, et al. Virtual reality in stroke rehabilitation: still more virtual than real. Disabil Rehabil. 2007;29:1139–1146.
  • Saposnik G, Levin M, Outcome Research Canada Working Group. Virtual reality in stroke rehabilitation: a meta-analysis and implications for clinicians. Stroke. 2011;42:1380–1386.
  • Laver K, George S, Thomas S, et al. Virtual Reality for stroke rehabilitation (Review). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;9:CD008349.
  • Pietrzak E, Cotea C, Pullman S. Using commercial video games for upper limb stroke rehabilitation: is this the way of the future? Top Stroke Rehabil. 2014;21:152–162.
  • Laver KE, Lange B, George S, et al. Virtual Reality for stroke rehabilitation (review). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;(11):CD008349.
  • Kong KH, Loh YJ, Thia E, et al. Efficacy of a virtual reality commercial gaming device in upper limb recovery after stroke: a randomized, controlled study. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2016;23:333–340.
  • Coupar F, Pollock A, Legg L, et al. Home-based therapy programmes for upper limb functional recovery following stroke (review). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;5:CD006755.
  • Housman S, Scott K, Reinkensmeyer D. A randomised controlled trial of gravity-supported, computer-enhanced arm exercise for individuals with severe hemiparesis. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2009;23:505–514.
  • Byl N, Abrams G, Pitsch E, et al. Chronic stroke survivors achieve comparable outcomes following virtual task specific repetitive training guided by a wearable robotic orthosis (UL-EXO7) and actual task specific repetitive training guided by a physical therapist. J Hand Ther. 2013;26:343–351.
  • Tsekleves E, Skordoulis D, Paraskevopoulos I, et al. Personalised stroke rehabilitation intervention using open source 3D software and the Wii Remote Plus. Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Disability, Virtual Reality & Associated Technologie; 2012 Sept 10–12; Laval, France. 2012.
  • Martin S. Patient- and trial-specific barriers to participation in cardiovascular randomized clinical trials. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61:762–769.
  • Paraskevopoulos I, Tsekeleves E, Warland A, et al. Virtual reality based holistic framework: A tool for participatory development of customised playful therapy sessions for motor rehabilitation. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Virtual Worlds and Games for Serious Applications (VS-Games). 2016 Sept 7–9; Barcelona, Spain. IEEE 2016.
  • Tsekleves E, Skordoulis D, Paraskevopoulos I, et al. Wii your health: a low-cost wireless system for home rehabilitation after stroke using Wii remotes and its expansions and blender. Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference Biomedical Engineering (Biomed 2011). Calgary: ACTA Press; 2011. p. 502–509.
  • Witmer B, Singer M. Measuring presence in virtual environments: a presence questionnaire. Presence. 1998;7:225–240.
  • Schubert T, Friedmann F, Regenbrecht H. The experience of presence: factor analytic insights. Presence. 2001;10:266–281.
  • Ashford S, Slade M, Malaprade F, et al. Evaluation of functional outcome measures for the hemiparetic upper limb: a systematic review. J Rehabil Med. 2008;40:787–795.
  • Baker K, Cano SJ, Playford ED. Outcome measurement in stroke: a scale selection strategy. Stroke. 2011;42:1787–1794.
  • WHO. How to use the ICF: a practical manual for using the international classification of functioning, disability and health (ICF). Geneva: WHO; 2013.
  • Deakin A, Hill H, Pomeroy V. Rough guide to the Fugl-Meyer assessment. Physiotherapy. 2003;89:751–763.
  • Fugl-Meyer A, Jääskö L, Leyman I, et al. The post-stroke hemiplegic patient. 1. A method for evaluation of physical performance. Scand J Rehabil Med. 1975;7:13–31.
  • Penta M, Tesio L, Arnould C, et al. The ABILHAND questionnaire as a measure of manual ability in chronic stroke patients: Rasch-based validation and relationship to upper limb impairment. Stroke. 2001;32:1627–1634.
  • Lyle R. A performance test for assessment of upper limb function in physical rehabilitation treatment and research. Int J Rehabil Res. 1981;4:483–492.
  • Uswatte G, Taub E, Morris D, et al. The Motor Activity Log-28: assessing daily use of the hemiparetic arm after stroke. Neurology. 2006;67:1189–1194.
  • Trigg R, Wood V. The validation of the subjective index of physical and social outcome (SIPSO). Clin Rehabil. 2003;17:283–289.
  • See J, Dodakian L, Chou C, et al. A standardized approach to the Fugl-Meyer assessment and its implications for clinical trials. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2013;27:732–741.
  • Rogers A, Harris T, Victor C, et al. Which older people decline participation in a primary care trial of physical activity and why: insights from a mixed methods approach. BMC Geriatr. 2014;14:46.
  • Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol. 2006;3:77–101.
  • Creswell J. A concise introduction to mixed methods research. London: Sage; 2015.
  • Lewis GN, Woods C, Rosie JA, et al. Virtual reality games for rehabilitation of people with stroke: perspectives from the users. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol. 2011;6:453–463.
  • Mat Rosly M, Mat Rosly H, Davis G, et al. Exergaming for individuals with neurological disability: a systematic review. Disabil Rehabil. 2017;39:727–735.
  • Sackett A, Meyvis T, Nelson L, et al. You’re having fun when time flies: the hedonic consequences of subjective time progression. Psychol Sci. 2010;21:111–117.
  • Iwamoto Y, Hoshiyama M. Alteration of time perception in young and elderly people during jigsaw puzzle tasks with different complexities. Occup Ther Int. 2011;18:194–200.
  • O’Brien E, Anastasio P, Bushman B. Time crawls when you’re not having fun: feeling entitled makes dull tasks drag on. Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2011;37:1287–1296.
  • Csikszentmihalyi M. Flow. London: Rider; 2002.
  • Mao Y, Roberts S, Pagliaro S, et al. Optimal experience and optimal identity: a multinational study of the associations between flow and social identity. Front Psychol. 2016;7:1–13.
  • Pageau M, Surgan S. Do we have fun when time flies? Psi Chi J Psychol Res. 2015;20:125–135.
  • Abuhamdeh S, Csikszentmihalyi M. The importance of challenge for the enjoyment of intrinsically motivated, goal-directed activities. Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2012;38:317–330.
  • Cirstea MC, Levin MF. Improvement of arm movement patterns and endpoint control depends on type of feedback during practice in stroke survivors. Neurorehabil Neural Rep. 2007;21:398–411.
  • Van Vilet P, Wolf G. Extrinsic feedback for motor learning after stroke: what is the evidence? Disabil Rehabil. 2006;28:831–840.
  • Winstein C. Knowledge of results and motor learning-implications for physical therapy. Phys Ther. 1991;71:140–149.
  • Teixeira-Salmela L, Souza R, Viana R, et al. Higher doses of virtual reality therapy are required to induce changes in upper limb function and quality of life after stroke. Int J Stroke. 2014;9(Suppl 3):242.
  • Jang S, You S, Hallett M, et al. Cortical reorganization and associated functional motor recovery after virtual reality in patients with chronic stroke: an experimenter-blind preliminary study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005;86:2218–2223.
  • Parker J, Mountain G, Hammerton J. A review of the evidence underpinning the use of visual and auditory feedback for computer technology in post-stroke upper-limb rehabilitation. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol. 2011;6:465–472.
  • Fetters M, Curry L, Creswell J. Achieving integration in mixed methods designs-principles and practices. Health Serv Res. 2013;48:2134–2156.
  • Curry L, Nunez-Smith M. Mixed methods in health sciences research. London: Sage; 2015.
  • Saposnik G, Cohen L, Mamdani M, et al. Efficacy and safety of non-immersive virtual reality exercising in stroke rehabilitation (EVREST): a randomised, multicentre, single-blind, controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2016;15:1019–1027.
  • Henderson A, Korner-Bitensky N, Levin M. Virtual reality in stroke rehabilitation: a systematic review of its effectiveness for upper limb motor recovery. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2007;14:52–61.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.