Effects of home-based dual-hemispheric transcranial direct current stimulation combined with exercise on upper and lower limb motor performance in patients with chronic stroke

References

• Langhorne P, Coupar F, Pollock A. Motor recovery after stroke: a systematic review. Lancet Neurol. 2009;8(8):741–754.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lord SE, McPherson K, McNaughton HK, et al. Community ambulation after stroke: how important and obtainable is it and what measures appear predictive? Arch Phys M. 2004;85(2):234–239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Opara JA, Jaracz K. Quality of life of post-stroke patients and their caregivers. J Life Med. 2010;3(3):216–220.
   Google Scholar
• Montenegro RA, Midgley A, Massaferri R, et al. Bihemispheric motor cortex transcranial direct current stimulation improves force steadiness in post-stroke hemiparetic patients: a randomized crossover controlled trial. Front Hum Neurosci. 2016;10:426.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nitsche MA, Paulus W. Excitability changes induced in the human motor cortex by weak transcranial direct current stimulation. J Physiol. 2000;527(3):633–639.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thair H, Holloway AL, Newport R, et al. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS): a beginner’s guide for design and implementation. Front Neurosci. 2017;11:641.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nitsche MA, Paulus W. Sustained excitability elevations induced by transcranial DC motor cortex stimulation in humans. Neurology. 2001;57(10):1899–1901.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roche N, Geiger M, Bussel B. Mechanisms underlying transcranial direct current stimulation in rehabilitation. Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2015;58(4):214–219.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Lazzaro V, Oliviero A, Profice P, et al. The diagnostic value of motor evoked potentials. Clin Neurophysiol. 1999;110(7):1297–1307.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ranieri F, Podda MV, Riccardi E, et al. Modulation of LTP at rat hippocampal CA3-CA1 synapses by direct current stimulation. J Neurophysiol. 2012;107(7):1868–1880.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stagg CJ, Nitsche MA. Physiological basis of transcranial direct current stimulation. Neuroscientist. 2011;17(1):37–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodwill AM, Teo WP, Morgan P, et al. Bihemispheric-tDCS and upper limb rehabilitation improves retention of motor function in chronic stroke: a pilot study. Front Hum Neurosci. 2016;10:258.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolognini N, Vallar G, Casati C, et al. Neurophysiological and behavioral effects of tDCS combined with constraint-induced movement therapy in poststroke patients. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2011;25(9):819–829.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dehem S, Gilliaux M, Lejeune T, et al. Effectiveness of a single session of dual-transcranial direct current stimulation in combination with upper limb robotic-assisted rehabilitation in chronic stroke patients: a randomized, double-blind, cross-over study. Int J Rehabil Res. 2018;41(2):138–145.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chhatbar PY, Chen R, Deardorff R, et al. Safety and tolerability of transcranial direct current stimulation to stroke patients – a phase I current escalation study. Brain Stimul. 2017;10(3):553–559.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sehm B, Kipping J, Schäfer A, et al. A comparison between uni- and bilateral tDCS effects on functional connectivity of the human motor cortex. Front Hum Neurosci. 2013;7:183.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bai X, Guo Z, He L, et al. Different therapeutic effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on upper and lower limb recovery of stroke patients with motor dysfunction: a meta-analysis. Neural Plast. 2019;2019:1–13.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindenberg R, Renga V, Zhu LL, et al. Bihemispheric brain stimulation facilitates motor recovery in chronic stroke patients. Neurology. 2010;75(24):2176–2184.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van de Winckel A, Carey JR, Bisson TA, et al. Home-based transcranial direct current stimulation plus tracking training therapy in people with stroke: an open-label feasibility study. J Neuroeng Rehab. 2018;15(1):83.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hordacre B. The role of telehealth to assist in-home tDCS: opportunities, promising aesults and acceptability. Brain Sciences. 2018;8(6):102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mortensen J, Figlewski K, Andersen H. Combined transcranial direct current stimulation and home-based occupational therapy for upper limb motor impairment following intracerebral hemorrhage: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Disabil Rehabil. 2016;38(7):637–643.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Billinger SA, Arena R, Bernhardt J, et al. Physical activity and exercise recommendations for stroke survivors: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2014;45(8):2532–2553.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volz LJ, Grefkes C. Basic principles of rTMS in motor recovery after stroke. In: Platz T, editor. Therapeutic rTMS in neurology: principles, evidence, and practice recommendations. Cham (Switzerland): Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 23–37.
   Google Scholar
• Brauer S, Barker R. Stroke rehabilitation: guidelines for exercise and training to optimise motor skill. Aust J Physiother. 2003;49(4):279.
   Google Scholar
• Fugl-Meyer AR, Jaasko L, Leyman I, et al. The post-stroke hemiplegic patient. 1. a method for evaluation of physical performance. Scand J Rehabil Med. 1975;7(1):13–31.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morris DM, Uswatte G, Crago JE, et al. The reliability of the wolf motor function test for assessing upper extremity function after stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2001;82(6):750–755.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolf SL, Catlin PA, Ellis M, et al. Assessing Wolf motor function test as outcome measure for research in patients after stroke. Stroke. 2001;32(7):1635–1639.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ng SSM, Cheung SY, Lai LSW, et al. Association of seat height and arm position on the five times sit-to-stand test times of stroke survivors. Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013:642362.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bohannon RW. Reference values for the Five-Repetition Sit-To-Stand Test: a descriptive meta-analysis of data from elders. Percept Mot Skills. 2006;103(1):215–222.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tiedemann A, Shimada H, Sherrington C, et al. The comparative ability of eight functional mobility tests for predicting falls in community-dwelling older people. Age Ageing. 2008;37(4):430–435.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lysack CL. Household and neighborhood safety, mobility. In: Lichtenberg PA, editor. Handbook of assessment in clinical gerontology. 2nd Ed. San Diego (CA): Academic Press; 2010. p. 619–646.
   Google Scholar
• Danzl MM, Chelette KC, Lee K, et al. Brain stimulation paired with novel locomotor training with robotic gait orthosis in chronic stroke: a feasibility study. NeuroRehabilitation. 2013;33(1):67–76.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seo HG, Lee WH, Lee SH, et al. Robotic-assisted gait training combined with transcranial direct current stimulation in chronic stroke patients: a pilot double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Restor Neurol Neurosci. 2017;35(5):527–536.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang MC, Kim DY, Park DH. Enhancement of cortical excitability and lower limb motor function in patients with stroke by transcranial direct current stimulation. Brain Stimul. 2015;8(3):561–566.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park SD, Kim JY, Song HS. Effect of application of transcranial direct current stimulation during task-related training on gait ability of patients with stroke. J Phys Ther Sci. 2015;27(3):623–625.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Picelli A, Chemello E, Castellazzi P, et al. Combined effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS) on robot-assisted gait training in patients with chronic stroke: a pilot, double blind, randomized controlled trial. Restor Neurol Neurosci. 2015;33(3):357–368.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fusco A, Assenza F, Iosa M, et al. The ineffective role of cathodal tDCS in enhancing the functional motor outcomes in early phase of stroke rehabilitation: an experimental trial. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:547290.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walfish S. A review of statistical outlier methods. Pharm Technol. 2006;30:82–86.
   Google Scholar
• Murase N, Duque J, Mazzocchio R, et al. Influence of interhemispheric interactions on motor function in chronic stroke. Ann Neurol. 2004;55(3):400–409.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu J, Branscheidt M, Schambra H, et al. Rethinking interhemispheric imbalance as a target for stroke neurorehabilitation. Ann Neurol. 2019;85(4):502–513.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoyer EH, Celnik PA. Understanding and enhancing motor recovery after stroke using transcranial magnetic stimulation. Restor Neurol Neurosci. 2011;29(6):395–409.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tazoe T, Endoh T, Kitamura T, et al. Polarity specific effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on interhemispheric inhibition. PLoS One. 2014;9(12):e114244.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chae J, Labatia I, Yang G. Upper limb motor function in hemiparesis: concurrent validity of the Arm Motor Ability test. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2003;82(1):1–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kantak SS, Stinear JW, Buch ER, et al. Rewiring the brain: potential role of the premotor cortex in motor control, learning, and recovery of function following brain injury. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2012;26(3):282–292.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Straudi S, Fregni F, Martinuzzi C, et al. tDCS and robotics on upper limb stroke rehabilitation: effect modification by stroke duration and type of stroke. Biomed Res Int. 2016;2016:1–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cha HK, Ji SG, Kim MK, et al. Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation of function in patients with stroke. J Phys Ther Sci. 2014;26(3):363–365.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Viana RT, Laurentino GE, Souza RJ, et al. Effects of the addition of transcranial direct current stimulation to virtual reality therapy after stroke: a pilot randomized controlled trial. NeuroRehabilitation. 2014;34(3):437–446.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Figlewski K, Blicher JU, Mortensen J, et al. Transcranial direct current stimulation potentiates improvements in functional ability in patients with chronic stroke receiving constraint-induced movement therapy. Stroke. 2017;48(1):229–232.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaheiwola N, Zhang B, Jia J, et al. Using tDCS as an add-on treatment prior to FES therapy in improving upper limb function in severe chronic stroke patients: a randomized controlled study. Front Hum Neurosci. 2018;12:233.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klomjai W, Aneksan B, Pheungphrarattanatrai A, et al. Effect of single-session dual-tDCS before physical therapy on lower-limb performance in sub-acute stroke patients: a randomized sham-controlled crossover study. Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2018;61(5):286–291.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrade SM, Ferreira JJdA, Rufino TS, et al. Effects of different montages of transcranial direct current stimulation on the risk of falls and lower limb function after stroke. Neurol Res. 2017;39(12):1037–1043.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mong Y, Teo TW, Ng SS. 5-repetition sit-to-stand test in subjects with chronic stroke: reliability and validity. Arch Phys M. 2010;91(3):407–413.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geroin C, Picelli A, Munari D, et al. Combined transcranial direct current stimulation and robot-assisted gait training in patients with chronic stroke: a preliminary comparison. Clin Rehabil. 2011;25(6):537–548.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyne P, Israel S, Dunning K. Speed-dependent body weight supported sit-to-stand training in chronic stroke: a case series. J Neurol Phys Ther. 2011;35(4):178–184.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vats M. Efficacy of task specific step-up exercises on the gait parameters of chronic hemiparetic stroke individuals. Int J Physiother. 2013;1(4):130–137.
   Google Scholar
• Oh G-S, Choi Y-R, Bang D-H, et al. Effects of step-up training on walking ability of stroke patients by different support surface characteristics. KSPM. 2017;12(3):99–104.
   Google Scholar
• Li Y, Fan J, Yang J, et al. Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on walking ability after stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Restor Neurol Neurosci. 2018;36(1):59–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Machado S, Jansen P, Almeida V, et al. Is tDCS an adjunct ergogenic resource for improving muscular strength and endurance performance? A systematic review. Front Psychol. 2019;10:1127–1127.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiethoff S, Hamada M, Rothwell JC. Variability in response to transcranial direct current stimulation of the motor cortex. Brain Stimul. 2014;7(3):468–475.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karok S, Fletcher D, Witney AG. Task-specificity of unilateral anodal and dual-M1 tDCS effects on motor learning. Neuropsychologia. 2017;94:84–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marquez J, van Vliet P, McElduff P, et al. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS): does it have merit in stroke rehabilitation? A systematic review. Int J Stroke. 2015;10(3):306–316.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hameed W, Ishaque M, Gul X, et al. Does courtesy bias affect how clients report on objective and subjective measures of family planning service quality? A comparison between facility- and home-based interviews. Open Access J Contracept. 2017;9:33–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar