Clinical encounters may not be responding to patients’ search for meaning and control over non-specific chronic low back pain – an interpretative phenomenological analysis

References

• O’Sullivan P. Diagnosis and classification of chronic low back pain disorders: maladaptive movement and motor control impairments as underlying mechanism. Man Ther. 2005;10(4):242–255.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartvigsen J, Hancock MJ, Kongsted A. Low back pain 1. What low back pain is and why we need to pay attention. The Lancet. 2018;2018:1–12.
   Google Scholar
• James SL, Abate D, Abate KH, et al. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet. 2018;392(10159):1789–1858.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoy D, March L, Brooks P, et al. The global burden of low back pain: estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73(6):968–974.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maher C, Underwood M, Buchbinder R. Seminar non-specific low back pain. The Lancet. 2016;389(10070):1–13.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foster NE, Anema JR, Cherkin D, et al. Prevention and treatment of low back pain: evidence, challenges, and promising directions. The Lancet. 2018;391(10137):2368–2383.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snelgrove S, Liossi C. Living with chronic low back pain: a metasynthesis of qualitative research. Chronic Illn. 2013;9(4):283–301.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bunzli S, Watkins R, Smith A, et al. Lives on hold: a qualitative synthesis exploring the experience of chronic low-back pain. Clin J Pain. 2013;29(10):907–916.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toye F, Seers K, Allcock N, et al. A meta-ethnography of patients’ experience of chronic non-malignant musculoskeletal pain. Health Serv Delivery Res. 2013;1(12):1–189.
   Google Scholar
• Toye F, Belton J, Hannink E, et al. A healing journey with chronic pain: a meta-ethnography synthesizing 195 qualitative studies. Pain Med. 2021;22(6):1–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheermesser M, Bachmann S, Schämann A, et al. A qualitative study on the role of cultural background in patients’ perspectives on rehabilitation. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2012;13(13):5–13.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dow CM, Roche PA, Ziebland S. Talk of frustration in the narratives of people with chronic pain. Chronic Illn. 2012;8(3):176–191.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Froud R, Patterson S, Eldridge S, et al. A systematic review and Meta-synthesis of the impact of low back pain on people’s lives. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2014;15:50–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacNeela P, Doyle C, O'Gorman D, et al. Experiences of chronic low back pain: a meta-ethnography of qualitative research. Health Psychol Rev. 2015;9(1):63–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Angel S, Jensen LD, Maribo T, et al. Narratives of life with long-term low back pain: a follow up interview study. Scand J Pain. 2017;17:382–389.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sieben JM, Vlaeyen JWS, Portegijs PJM, et al. General practitioners’ treatment orientations towards low back pain: influence on treatment behaviour and patient outcome. Eur J Pain. 2009;13(4):412–418.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gardner T, Refshauge K, Smith L, et al. Physiotherapists’ beliefs and attitudes influence clinical practice in chronic low back pain: a systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies. J Physiother. 2017;63(3):132–143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Sullivan P. It’s time for change with the management of non-specific chronic low back pain. Br J Sports Med. 2012;46:224–227.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chou L, Ranger TA, Peiris W, et al. Patients’ perceived needs of health care providers for low back pain management: a systematic scoping review. Spine J. 2018;18(4):691–711.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chou L, Cicuttini FM, Urquhart DM, et al. People with low back pain perceive needs for non-biomedical services in workplace, financial, social and household domains: a systematic review. J Physiother. 2018;64(2):74–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wijma AJ, Bletterman AN, Clark JR, et al. Patient-centeredness in physiotherapy: what does it entail? A systematic review of qualitative studies. Physiother Theory Pract. 2017;33(11):825–840.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin I, Wiles L, Waller R, et al. Patient-centred care: the cornerstone for high-value musculoskeletal pain management. Br J Sports Med. 2020;54(21):1240–1242.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mead N, Bower P. Patient-centredness: a conceptual framework and review of the empirical literature. Soc Sci Med. 2000;51(7):1087–1110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kidd MO, Bond CH, Bell ML. Patients’ perspectives of patient-centredness as important in musculoskeletal physiotherapy interactions: a qualitative study. Physiotherapy. 2011;97(2):154–162.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cruz EB, Moore A, Cross V. Clinical reasoning and patient-centred care in musculoskeletal physiotherapy in Portugal-a qualitative study. Man Ther. 2012;17(3):246–250.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Martin CM, Félix Bortolotti M. Person-centred health care: a critical assessment of current and emerging research approaches. J Eval Clin Pract. 2014;20(6):1056–1064.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cope D. Intellectual milestones in our understanding and treatment of pain. In: Fishman SM, Ballantyne JC, Rathmell JP, editors. Bonica’s management of pain. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Willis JW. Foundations of qualitative research. 1st ed., Chapter 2, history and context of paradigm development. London: SAGE Publications; 2007. p. 27–66.
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell LA, MacDonald RAR. Qualitative research on pain. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care. 2009;3(2):131–135.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Osborn M, Rodham K. Insights into pain: a review of qualitative research. Br J Pain. 2010;1(4):2–7.
   Google Scholar
• Cox F. Editorial. Br J Pain. 2015;9(1):8–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crotty M. The foundations of social research: meaning and perspective in the research process. 1st ed., Chapter 4, interpretivism: for and against culture. London: SAGE Publications; 1998. p. 66–78.
   Google Scholar
• Willis JW. Foundations of qualitative research. 1st ed., Chapter 4, history and foundations of interpretivist research. London: SAGE Publications; 2007. p. 95–146.
   Google Scholar
• van Rysewyk S. A call for study on the meanings of pain. In: van Rysewyk S, editor. Meanings of pain. Cham: Springer; 2016. p. 1–22.
   Google Scholar
• Smadar B. Diagnosing human suffering and pain: integrating phenomenology in science and medicine. In: van Rysewyk S, editor. Meanings of pain. Volume 2: Common types of pain and language. Cham: Springer; 2019. p. 37–58.
   Google Scholar
• Helman CG. Culture, health and illnsess. 5th ed., Chapter 7, pain and culture. London: Hodder Education; 2007. p. 185–195.
   Google Scholar
• Pillay T, van Zyl HA, Blackbeard D. Chronic pain perception and cultural experience. Procedia – Soc Behav Sci. 2014; 113(113):151–160.
   Google Scholar
• Azevedo LF, Costa-Pereira A, Mendonça L, et al. Epidemiology of chronic pain: a population-based nationwide study on its prevalence, characteristics and associated disability in Portugal. J Pain. 2012;13(8):773–783.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gouveia N, Rodrigues A, Eusébio M, et al. Prevalence and social burden of active chronic low back pain in the adult portuguese population: results from a national survey. Rheumatol Int. 2016;36(2):183–197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cruz EB, Canhão H, Fernandes R, et al. Prognostic indicators for poor outcomes in low back pain patients consulted in primary care. PloS One. 2020;15(3):e0229265.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cassidy E, Reynolds F, Naylor S, et al. Using interpretative phenomenological analysis to inform physiotherapy practice: an introduction with reference to the lived experience of cerebellar ataxia. Physiother Theory Pract. 2011;27(4):263–277.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies. Health system review. Portugal. Phase I Final report. World Health Organization, Ministry of Health of Portugal & European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies; European Union; 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Simões J, Augusto GF, Fronteira I, et al. Health systems in transition. Portugal health system review. Lisbon: Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropica. Universidade Nova de Lisboa. 2017;19(2):1–183.
   Google Scholar
• Fernandes JV. Um duplo desafio: organização e modernidade [a double challenge: organisation and modernity]. In: Fernandes JV, Barros PP, Fernandes AC, editors. Três olhares sobre o futuro da saúde em Portugal [three different perspectives regarding the future of health in Portugal]. Cascais: PRINCIPIA; 2011. p. 15–49.
   Google Scholar
• Andreazza R. Narrativas dos caminhos dos cidadãos portugueses no Serviço Nacional de Saúde [Portuguese’s narratives of their journeys in the National Health Services]. In: Carapinheiro G, Correia T, editors. Novos temas de saúde, novas questões sociais [new topics in health, new social questions]. Lisbon: Mundos Sociais; 2015. p. 99–104.
   Google Scholar
• Castro-Lopes J, Romão P, Paiva MM. A Dor Crónica em Portugal [Chronic Pain in Portugal]. Pain Proposal – Improving the Current and Future Management of Chronic Pain. 2010; p. 1–12.
   Google Scholar
• Petty NJ, Thomson OP, Stew G. Ready for a paradigm shift? Part 1: introducing the philosophy of qualitative research. Man Ther. 2012;17(4):267–274.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smith JA, Osborn M. Interpretative phenomenological analysis as a useful methodology for research on the lived experience of pain. Br J Pain. 2015;3(9):41–42.
   Google Scholar
• Smith JA. Hermeneutics, human sciences and health: linking theory and practice. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-B. 2007;2(1):3–11.
   Google Scholar
• Smith JA, Osborn M. Interpretative phenomenological analysis. In: Smith JA, editor. Qualitative psychology: a pratical guide to research methods. London: SAGE Publications; 2008. p. 53–80.
   Google Scholar
• Pringle J, Drummond J, McLafferty E, et al. Interpretative phenomenological analysis: a discussion and critique. Nurse Res. 2011;18(3):20–24.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smith JA. Evaluating the contribution of interpretative phenomenological analysis. Health Psychol Rev. 2011;5(1):9–27.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith JA, Flowers P, Larkin M. Interpretative phenomenological analysis. Theory, method and research. 1st ed., Chapter 2, the theoretical foundations of IPA. London: SAGE Publications; 2009. p. 11–39.
   Google Scholar
• Shaw R. Embedding reflexivity within experiential qualitative psychology. Qual Res Psychol. 2010;7(3):233–243.
   Google Scholar
• Flick U. An introduction to qualitative research. 4th ed., Chapter 11, sampling. London: SAGE Publications; 2009. p. 114–126.
   Google Scholar
• Smith JA, Flowers P, Larkin M. Interpretative phenomenological analysis. Theory, method and research. 1st ed., Chapter 3, planning an IPA research study. London: SAGE Publications; 2009. p. 40–55.
   Google Scholar
• Airaksinen O, Brox JI, Cedraschi C, et al. Chapter 4. European guidelines for the management of chronic nonspecific low back pain. Eur Spine J. 2006;15(Suppl 2):S192–S300.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Guideline Centre (UK). Low back pain and sciatica in over 16s: assessment and management. London: National Institute for Health Care Excellence (UK); 2016. PMID: 279129617.
   Google Scholar
• Smith JA, Flowers P, Larkin M. Interpretative phenomenological analysis. Theory, method and research. 1st ed., Chapter 4, collecting data. London: Sage Publications; 2009. p. 56–78.
   Google Scholar
• Fleming V, Gaidys U, Robb Y. Hermeneutic research in nursing: developing a gadamerian-based research method. Nurs Inq. 2003;10(2):113–120.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smith JA, Flowers P, Larkin M. Interpretative phenomenological analysis. Theory, method and research. 1st ed., Chapter 5, analysis. London: SAGE Publications; 2009. p. 79–107.
   Google Scholar
• Guba EG, Lincoln YS. Fourth generation evaluation. California: Sage Publications; 1989.
   Google Scholar
• Lincoln YS, Guba EG. Paradigmatic controversies, contradictions and emerging confluences. In: Denzin NK, Lincoln YS, editors. Handbook of qualitative research. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications; 2000. p. 163–213.
   Google Scholar
• Korstjens I, Moser A. Series: practical guidance to qualitative research. Part 4: Trustworthiness and publishing. Eur J Gen Pract. 2018;24(1):120–124.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brocki JM, Wearden AJ. A critical evaluation of the use of interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) in health psychology. Psychol Health. 2006;21(1):87–108.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larkin M, Watts S, Clifton E. Giving voice and making sense in interpretative phenomenological analysis. Qual Res Psychol. 2006;3(2):102–120.
   Google Scholar
• Hefferon K, Gil-Rodriguez E. Interpretative phenomenological analysis. The Psychologist. 2011;24:756–759.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Etherington K. Becoming a reflexive researcher: using ourselves in research. 1st ed., Chapter 5, methodologies and methods. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers; 2004. p. 71–85.
   Google Scholar
• Hellström C. Temporal dimensions of the self-concept: entrapped and possible selves in chronic pain. Psychol Health. 2001;16(1):111–124.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferreira-Valente MA, Ribeiro JLP, Jensen MP, et al. Coping with chronic musculoskeletal pain in Portugal and in the United States: a cross-cultural study. Pain Med. 2011;12(10):1470–1480.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crowe M, Whitehead L, Gagan M, et al. Listening to the body and talking to myself – the impact of chronic lower back pain: a qualitative study. Int J Nurs Stud. 2010;47(5):586–592.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nielsen CS, Soares AM, Machado CP. The cultural metaphor revisited: exploring dimensions, complexities and paradoxes through the portuguese fado. Int’l J Cross Cult Management. 2009;9(3):289–308.
   Google Scholar
• Osborn M, Smith JA. The personal experience of chronic benign low back pain: an interpretative phenomenological analysis. Br J Health Psychol. 1998;3(1):65–83.
   Google Scholar
• Johansson EE, Hamberg K, Westman G, et al. The meanings of pain: an exploration of women’s descriptions of symptoms. Soc Sci Med. 1999;48(12):1791–1802.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moseley GL. Reconceptualising pain according to modern pain science. Phys Ther Rev. 2007;12(3):169–178.
   Google Scholar
• Tavafian SS, Gregory D, Montazeri A. The experience of low back pain in iranian women: a focus group study. Health Care Women Int. 2008;29(4):339–348.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toye F, Barker K. I can’t see any reason for stopping doing anything, but I might have to do it differently’-restoring hope to patients with persistent non-specific low back pain-a qualitative study. Disabil Rehabil. 2012;34(11):894–903.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toye F, Barker K. Persistent non-specific low back pain and patients’ experience of general practice: a qualitative study. Prim Health Care Res Dev. 2012;13(1):72–84.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Robinson V, King R, Ryan CG, et al. A qualitative exploration of people’s experiences of pain neurophysiological education for chronic pain: the importance of relevance for the individual. Man Ther. 2016;22:56–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King R, Robinson V, Elliott-Button HL, et al. Pain Reconceptualisation after Pain Neurophysiology Education in Adults with Chronic Low Back Pain: a qualitative study. Pain Res Manag. 2018; 2018:3745651.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skuladottir H, Halldorsdottir S. Women in chronic pain: sense of control and encounters with health professionals. Qual Health Res. 2008;18(7):891–901.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zander V, Müllersdorf M, Christensson K, et al. Struggling for sense of control: everyday life with chronic pain for women of the iraqi diaspora in Sweden. Scand J Public Health. 2013;41(8):799–807.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fu Y, McNichol E, Marczewski K, et al. The management of chronic back pain in primary care settings: exploring perceived facilitators and barriers to the development of patient-professional partnerships. Qual Health Res. 2018;28(9):1462–1473.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawn S, Delany T, Sweet L, et al. Control in chronic condition self-care management: how it occurs in the health worker-client relationship and implications for client empowerment. J Adv Nurs. 2014;70(2):383–394.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leake H, Moseley GL, Stanton T, et al. What do patients value learning about pain? A mixed methods survey on the relevance of target concepts following pain science education. Pain. 2021. DOI:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002244.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shala R, Roussel N, Moseley GL, et al. Can we just talk our patients out of pain? Should pain neuroscience education be our only tool? J Man Manip Ther. 2021;29(1):1–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moseley GL, Butler DS. Fifteen years of explaining pain: the past, present, and future. J Pain. 2015;16(9):807–813.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howarth M, Warne T, Haigh C. Pain from the inside: understanding the theoretical underpinning of person-centered care delivered by pain teams. Pain Manag Nurs. 2014;15(1):340–348.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hearn JH, Cotter I, Fine P, et al. Living with chronic neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury: an interpretative phenomenological analysis of community experience. Disabil Rehabil. 2015;37(23):2203–2211.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinto RZ, Ferreira ML, Oliveira VC, et al. Patient-centred communication is associated with positive therapeutic alliance: a systematic review. J Physiother. 2012;58(2):77–87.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin I, Wiles L, Waller R, et al. What does best practice care for musculoskeletal pain look like? Eleven consistent recommendations from high-quality clinical practice guidelines: systematic review. Br J Sports Med. 2020;54(2):79–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McIntosh A, Shaw C. Barriers to patient information provision in primary care: patients’ and general practitioners’ experiences and expectations of information for low back pain. Health Expect. 2003;6(1):19–29.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liddle SD, Baxter G, Gracey JH. Chronic low back pain: patients’ experiences, opinions and expectations for clinical management. Disabil Rehabil. 2007;29(24):1899–1909.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hibbard JH, Greene J, Tusler M. Improving the outcomes of disease management by tailoring care to the patient’s level of activation. Am J Manag Care. 2009;15:353–360.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ojala T, Häkkinen A, Karppinen J, et al. Revising the negative meaning of chronic pain – a phenomenological study. Chronic Illn. 2015;11(2):156–167.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Price C. The complexity of persistent pain – a patient’s perspective. In: Anjum RL, Copeland S, Rocca E, editors. Rethinking causality, complexity and evidence for the unique patient. Berlin: Springer; 2020. p. 113–126.
   Google Scholar
• Matthew L. Above and beyond statistical evidence. Why stories matter for clinical decisions and shared decision making. In: Anjum RL, Copeland S, Rocca E, editors. Rethinking causality, complexity and evidence for the unique patient. Berlin: Springer; 2020. p. 127–136.
   Google Scholar
• Bjorbaerkmo WS, J. Physiotherapy At S. The intersection between standardization and individual adaptation. In: Gibson B, Nicholls D, Setchell J, Grove KS, editors. Manipulating practices: a critical physiotherapy reader. Norway: Cappelen Damm Akademisk; 2018. p. 285–307.
   Google Scholar
• Dukhu S, Purcell C, Bulley C. Person-centred care in the physiotherapeutic management of long-term conditions: a critical review of components, barriers and facilitators. Int Pract Dev J. 2018;8(2):1–27.
   Google Scholar
• Mudge S, Stretton CM, Kayes N. Are physiotherapists comfortable with person-centred practice? An autoethnographic insight. Disabil Rehabil. 2014; 36(6):457–463.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vennedey V, Hower KI, Hillen H, et al. Patients’ perspectives of facilitators and barriers to patient-centred care: insights from qualitative patient interviews. BMJ Open. 2020;10(5):e033449.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoeb V, Burge E. Perceptions of patients and physiotherapists on patient participation: a narrative synthesis of qualitative studies. Physiother Res Int. 2012;17(2):80–91.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hutting N, Oswald W, Staal JB, et al. Self-management support for people with non-specific low back pain: a qualitative survey among physiotherapists and exercise therapists. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2020;50:102269.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singla M, Jones M, Edwards I, et al. Physiotherapists’ assessment of patients’ psychosocial status: are we standing on thin ice? A qualitative descriptive study. Man Ther. 2015;20(2):328–334.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Synnott A, O'Keeffe M, Bunzli S, et al. Physiotherapists may stigmatise or feel unprepared to treat people with low back pain and psychosocial factors that influence recovery: a systematic review. J Physiother. 2015;61(2):68–76.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Driver C, Lovell G, Oprescu F. Physiotherapists’ views, perceived knowledge, and reported use of psychosocial strategies in practice. Physiother Theory Pract. 2021;37(1):135–148.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lévesque M, Hovey R, Bedos C. Advancing patient-centered care through transformative educational leadership: a critical review of health care professional preparation for patient-centered care. J Healthc Leardersh. 2013;5:35–46.
   Google Scholar
• Sanders T, Foster NE, Bishop A, et al. Biopsychosocial care and the physiotherapy encounter: physiotherapists' accounts of back pain consultations. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2013;14:65–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Creswell JW. Qualitative inquiry & research design: choosing among five, Chapter 4, five qualitative approaches to inquiry. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications; 2007. p. 53–84.
   Google Scholar
• Smith JA, Flowers P, Larkin M. Interpretative phenomenological analysis. Theory, method and research. 1st ed., Chapter 12, the relationship between IPA and other approaches. London: SAGE Publications; 2009. p. 186–202.
   Google Scholar