References
- Abrahamsen, Rita, and Anna Leander. 2015. “Introduction.” In Routledge Handbook of Private Security Studies, edited by Rita Abrahamsen, and Anna Leander, 1–7. New York: Routledge.
- Abrahamsen, Rita, and Michael C. Williams. 2011. “Security Privatization and Global Security Assemblages.” The Brown Journal of World Affairs 18 (1): 171–180. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24590788.
- ASEAN. 2003. “ARF Statement on Cooperation Against Piracy and Other Threats to Security.” https://asean.org/arf-statement-on-cooperation-against-piracy-and-other-threats-to-security/.
- Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative. N.d. “Occupation and island building.” https://amti.csis.org/island-tracker.
- Barkan, Joshua. 2015. Corporate Sovereignty: Law and Government Under Capitalism. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
- Bateman, Sam. 2011. “Solving the “Wicked Problems” of Maritime Security: Are Regional Forums up to the Task?” Contemporary Southeast Asia 33 (1): 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1355/cs34-1a.
- Bateman, Sam, Joshua Ho, and Jane Chan. 2009. “Good Order at Sea in Southeast Asia.” S. Rajaratnam School for International Studies. https://www.rsis.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/PR090427_Good_Order_at_Sea_in_SEA.pdf.
- Bensassi, Sami, and Immaculada Martínez-Zarzoso. 2011. “How Costly is Modern Maritime Piracy for the International Community?” Ibero-America Institute for Economic Research. https://ideas.repec.org/p/got/iaidps/208.html.
- Bentley, Scott. 2023. The Maritime Fulcrum of the Indo-Pacific: Indonesia and Malaysia Respond to China’s Creeping Expansion in the South China Sea. Newport: Naval War College Press.
- Borneo Post. 20 August 2021. “Abu Sayyaf members shot dead in Sandakan planned kidnapping for ransom, says Sabah CP.” https://www.theborneopost.com/2021/08/20/abu-sayyaf-members-shot-dead-in-sandakan-planned-kidnapping-for-ransom-says-sabah-cp/.
- Bradford, John. 2021. “Japanese Naval Activities in Southeast Asian Waters: Building on 50 Years of Maritime Security Capacity Building.” Asian Security 19 (1): 79–104. https://doi.org/10.1080/14799855.2020.1759552.
- Bradford, John, and Scott Edwards. 2022. “Evolving Stakeholder Roles in Southeast Asian Maritime Security.” S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies. https://www.rsis.edu.sg/rsis-publication/idss/ip22058-evolving-stakeholder-roles-in-southeast-asian-maritime-security/#.ZBRwe3bMK3B.
- Bures, Oldrich, and Eugenio Cusumano. 2021. “The Anti-Mercenary Norm and United Nations’ use of Private Military and Security Companies: From Norm Entrepreneurship to Organized Hypocrisy.” International Peacekeeping 28 (4): 579–605. https://doi.org/10.1080/13533312.2020.1869542.
- Caballero-Antony, Mely. 2018. Negotiating Governance on Non-Traditional Security in Southeast Asia and Beyond. New York: Columbia University Press.
- Chang, Felix. K. 2021. “Southeast Asian Naval Modernization and Hedging Strategies.” The Asan Forum. https://theasanforum.org/southeast-asian-naval-modernization-and-hedging-strategies/.
- Cheney-Peters, Scott. 2014. “Whither the Private Maritime Security Companies of South and Southeast Asia? (Part 2)” Center for International Maritime Security. https://cimsec.org/part-2-whither-pmscs-south-southeast-asia/.
- Collyns, Dan. 2022. At Least 6% of Global Fishing ‘Probably Illegal’ as Ships Turn off Tracking Devices. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/nov/02/at-least-6-percent-global-fishing-likely-as-ships-turn-off-tracking-devices-study.
- Cusumano, Eugenio, and Stefano Ruzza. 2018. “Security Privatisation at sea: Piracy and the Commercialisation of Vessel Protection.” International Relations 32 (1): 80–103. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047117817731804.
- Dua, Jatin. 2019. “Hijacked: Piracy and Economies of Protection in the Western Indian Ocean.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 61 (3): 479–507. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0010417519000215.
- Eklöf, Stefan. 2015. Pirates in Paradise: A Modern History of Southeast Asia’s Maritime Marauders. Copenhagen: NIAS Press.
- ESC Global Security. N.d. “Maritime Security in the Gulf of Guinea.” https://www.escgs.com/services/maritime-security/security-in-west-africa.
- Fasinotti, Federica S. 2022. “Russia’s Wagner Group in Africa: Influence, Commercial Concessions, Rights Violations, and Counterinsurgency Failure.” Brookings Institution. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2022/02/08/russias-wagner-group-in-africa-influence-commercial-concessions-rights-violations-and-counterinsurgency-failure/.
- Fenton, Adam J., and Ioannis Chapsos. 2019. “Prosecuting Pirates: Maritime Piracy and Indonesian Law.” Australian Journal of Asian Law 19 (2): 217–232.
- Fitzsimmons, Scott. 2015. Private Security Companies During the Iraq War: Military Performance and the use of Deadly Force. London and New York: Routledge.
- Fraende, Mette K. 2023. “BIMCO calls for immediate end of attacks on international shipping.” BIMCO. https://www.bimco.org/news/priority-news/20231218-attacks.
- Gerdes, Luke M., Kristine Ringler, and Barbara Autin. 2014. “Assessing the Abu Sayyaf Group's Strategic and Learning Capacities.” Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 37 (3): 267–293. https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2014.872021.
- Hameiri, Shahar, and Lee Jones. 2015. Governing Borderless Threats: Non-Traditional Security and the Politics of State Transformation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Hastings, Justin V. 2012. “Understanding Maritime Piracy Syndicate Operations.” Security Studies 21 (4): 683–721. https://doi.org/10.1080/09636412.2012.734234.
- Hastings, Justin V. 2020. “The Return of Sophisticated Maritime Piracy to Southeast Asia.” Pacific Affairs 93 (1): 5–30. https://doi.org/10.5509/20209315.
- Hernandez, Carolina G. 2017. “Mapping Security Provision in Southeast Asia.” Friedrich Ebert Stiftung. https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/iez/13556.pdf/.
- Hoe, Toh Keng. 2023. “The Maritime Security Roles of the Shipping Community in Southeast Asia.” S. Rajaratnam School for International Studies. https://www.rsis.edu.sg/rsis-publication/idss/ip23002-the-maritime-security-roles-of-the-shipping-community-in-southeast-asia/.
- Hribernik, Miha. 2013. “Countering Maritime Piracy and Robbery in Southeast Asia.” European Institute of Asian Studies. https://www.eias.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/EIAS_Briefing_Paper_2013-2_Hribernik.pdf.
- ICC Commercial Crime Services. N.d. “IMB Piracy Reporting Centre.” https://www.icc-ccs.org/piracy-reporting-centre.
- IMO. 1988. “Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation.” https://treaties.un.org/doc/db/terrorism/conv8-english.pdf.
- IMO. 2009. “Code of Practice for the Investigation of the Crimes of Piracy and Armed Robbery Against Ships.” https://wwwcdn.imo.org/localresources/en/OurWork/Security/Documents/A.1025.pdf.
- Indonesia Ocean Justice Initiative. 2023. “IOJI Appreciates the Arrest of Iran's Super Tanker Vessel by Bakamla RI.” https://oceanjusticeinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/PR_IOJI-Appreciates-the-Arrest-of-Irans-Super-Tanker-Vessel-by-BAKAMLA-RI_ENG.pdf.
- International Chamber of Shipping. 2021. “The Guidelines on Cyber Security Onboard Ships.” https://www.ics-shipping.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/2021-Cyber-Security-Guidelines.pdf.
- International Crisis Group. 2022. “Addressing Islamist Militancy in the Southern Philippines.” https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/south-east-asia/philippines/addressing-islamist-militancy-southern-philippines.
- Jakobsen, Peter V. 2023. “Somali Piracy, Once an Unsolvable Security Threat, has Almost Completely Stopped. Here’s why.” The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/somali-piracy-once-an-unsolvable-security-threat-has-almost-completely-stopped-heres-why-213872.
- Jones, Lee. 2009. “ASEAN’s Unchanged Melody? The Theory and Practice of ‘Non-Interference’ in Southeast Asia.” Durham University. https://www.dur.ac.uk/resources/ibru/conferences/sos/lee_jones_paper.pdf.
- Kinsey, Christopher. 2006. Corporate Soldiers and International Security: The Rise of Private Military Companies. New York: Routledge.
- Koh, Collin S. L. 2016. “The Malacca Strait Patrols: Finding Common Ground.” S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies. https://www.rsis.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/CO16091.pdf.
- Leander, Anna. 2005. “The Market for Force and Public Security: The Destabilizing Consequences of Private Military Companies.” Journal of Peace Research 42 (5): 605–622. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343305056237.
- Lee, Yin Mui. 2022. “Piracy and armed robbery as amm evolving threat to Southeast Asia’s Maritime Security.” Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative. https://amti.csis.org/piracy-as-an-evolving-threat-to-southeast-asias-maritime-security/.
- Liss, Carolin. 2007. “The Privatisation of Maritime Security - Maritime Security in Southeast Asia: Between a rock and a hard place?” Murdoch University. https://researchportal.murdoch.edu.au/esploro/outputs/workingPaper/The-Privatisation-of-Maritime-Security–/991005544865607891.
- Liss, Carolin. 2012. “Commercial Anti-Piracy Escorts in the Malacca Strait.” In Maritime Private Security: Market Responses to Piracy, Terrorism and Waterborne Security Risks in the 21st Century, edited by Claude Berube, and Patrick Cullen. New York: Routledge.
- Liss, Carolin. 2014. “Assessing Contemporary Maritime Piracy in Southeast Asia: Trends, Hotspots, and Responses.” Hessische Friedens- und Konfliktforschung. https://www.hsfk.de/fileadmin/HSFK/hsfk_downloads/prif125.pdf.
- Liss, Carolin. 2014a. “Security Sector Reform in Southeast Asia: The Role of Private Security Providers.” In Security Sector Reform in Southeast Asia: From Policy to Practice, edited by Felix Heiduk, 159–180. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Liss, Carolin. 2015a. “PMSCS in Maritime Security and Anti-Piracy Control.” In Routledge Handbook of Private Security Studies, edited by Rita Abrahamsen, and Anna Leander, 61–70. New York: Routledge.
- Liss, Carolin. 2015. “Piracy in Southeast Asia: Trends, hot Spots and Responses.” In Piracy in Southeast Asia: Trends, Hot Spots and Responses, edited by Caroline Liss, and Ted Biggs. New York: Routledge.
- May, Christopher. 2015. Global Corporations in Global Governance. New York and London: Routledge.
- Mazaheri, Arsham, and Daniel Ekwall. 2009. “Impacts of the ISPS Code on Port Activities: A Case Study on Swedish Ports.” World Review of Intermodal Transportation Research 2 (4): 326–342. https://doi.org/10.1504/WRITR.2009.026211.
- McCauley, Adam. 2014. “The Most dangerous waters in the world.” Time. https://time.com/piracy-southeast-asia-malacca-strait/.
- Ministry of Defense of Singapore. 2019. “Fact Sheet on Information Fusion Centre (IFC) and Launch of IFC Real-Time Information-Sharing System (IRIS.” https://www.mindef.gov.sg/web/portal/mindef/news-and-events/latest-releases/article-detail/2019/May/14may19_fs.
- Mishra, Rahul, and Peter B. M. Wang. 2022. “Middle-Power Security Agreements Help Maintain Regional Maritime Order.” Australian Strategic Policy Institute. https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/middle-power-security-agreements-help-maintain-regional-maritime-order/.
- Morada, Noel M. 2006. “Regional Maritime Security Initiatives in the Asia Pacific: Problems and Prospects for Maritime Security Cooperation.” Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik, https://www.swp-berlin.org/publications/products/projekt_papiere/Morada_ks.pdf.
- Oyewole, Samuel. 2016. “Suppressing Maritime Piracy in the Gulf of Guinea: The Prospects and Challenges of the Regional Players.” Australian Journal of Maritime & Ocean Affairs 8 (2): 132–146. https://doi.org/10.1080/18366503.2016.1217377.
- Parameswaran, Prashanth. 2016. “Malaysia's Najib Vows to Defend Sabah Sovereignty in Duterte Meeting.” The Diplomat. https://thediplomat.com/2016/08/malaysias-najib-vows-to-defend-sabah-sovereignty-in-duterte-meeting/.
- Parameswaran, Prashanth. 2019. “Managing the Rise of Southeast Asia’s Coast Guards.” The Wilson Center. https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/media/documents/publication/2019-02_managing_the_rise_of_southeast_asias_coast_guards.pdf.
- Pitakdumrongkit, Kaewkamol. 2023. “Geoeconomic Crossroads: The Strait of Malacca’s Impact on Regional Trade.” The National Bureau of Asia Research. https://www.nbr.org/publication/geoeconomic-crossroads-the-strait-of-malaccas-impact-on-regional-trade/.
- Poonawatt, Kornwika. 2023. “Multilateral Cooperation Against Maritime Piracy in the Straits of Malacca: From the RMSI to ReCAAP.” Marine Policy 152: 105628–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2023.105628.
- Purbrick, Martin. 2018. “Pirates of the South China Seas.” Asian Affairs 49 (1): 11–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/03068374.2018.1416010.
- Rabasa, Angel, and Peter Chalk. 2012. “Non-Traditional Threats and Maritime Domain Awareness in the Tri-Border Area of Southeast Asia: The Coast Watch System of the Philippines.” RAND Corporation. https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/occasional_papers/2012/RAND_OP372.pdf.
- Raymond, Catherine Z. 2009. “Piracy and Armed Robbery in the Malacca Strait.” Naval War College Review 62 (3): 1–12. https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol62/iss3/4.
- ReCAAP. 2020. “Piracy and Armed Robbery Against Ships in Asia: January-March 2020.” https://www.recaap.org/resources/ck/files/reports/quarterly/ReCAAP%20ISC%201st%20Quarter%202020%20Report.pdf.
- ReCAAP. 2021. “Piracy and Armed Robbery against Ships in Asia: January to December 2021.” https://www.recaap.org/resources/ck/files/reports/annual/ReCAAP%20ISC%20Annual%20Report%202021.pdf.
- ReCAAP. 2022. “Update of ReCAAP ISC Advisory - Cases of Abduction of Crew from Ships in the Sulu-Celebes Seas.” https://www.recaap.org/resources/ck/files/alerts/2022/Update%20of%20ReCAAP%20ISC%20Advisory%20-%20Cases%20of%20Abduction%20of%20Crew%20from%20Ships%20in%20the%20Sulu-Celebes%20Seas%20(15%20Sep%2022).pdf.
- ReCAAP. N.d. “About ReCAAP Information Sharing Centre.” https://www.recaap.org/about_ReCAAP-ISC.
- Richards, Anna, and Henry Smith. 2007. “Addressing the Role of Private Security Companies Within Security Sector Reform Programmes.” Saferworld. https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/39540/PSC_report.pdf.
- Richardson, Michael. 2001. “Supply Carriers Are Vulnerable in Strait of Malacca, Admiral Says: U.S. Escorts Ships to the War Zone.” The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/03/news/supply-carriers-are-vulnerable-in-strait-of-malacca-admiral-says-us.html.
- Rosenberg, David. 2010. “The Political Economy of Piracy in the South China Sea.” In In Piracy and Maritime Crime: Historical and Modern Case Studies, edited by Bruce A. Elleman, Andrew Forbes, and David Rosenberg. Newport: Naval War College.
- Shearing, Christopher, and Philip Stenning. 2015. “The Privatization of Security: Implications for Democracy.” In Routledge Handbook of Private Security Studies, edited by Rita Abrahamsen, and Anna Leander, 140–148. New York: Routledge.
- Song, Yann-huei. 2007. Security in the Strait of Malacca and the Regional Maritime Security Initiative: Responses to the US Proposal.” International Law Studies 83: 97–156. https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1163&context=ils.
- Spearin, Christopher. 2010. “Against the Current? Somali Pirates, Private Security, and American Responsibilization.” Contemporary Security Policy 31 (3): 553–568. https://doi.org/10.1080/13523260.2010.521708.
- Stamer, Vincent, Shuyao Yang, and Alexander Sandkamp. 2022. “The rum is Gone! The Impact of Maritime Piracy on Trade and Transport.” Centre for Economic Policy Research. https://cepr.org/voxeu/columns/rum-gone-impact-maritime-piracy-trade-and-transport.
- Storey, Ian. 2008. “Securing Southeast Asia’s Sea Lanes: A Work in Progress.” Asia Policy 1: 95–128. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24904662.
- Storey, Ian. 2018. “Trilateral Security Cooperation in the Sulu-Celebes Seas: A Work in Progress.” ISEAS -Yusof Ishak Institute. https://www.iseas.edu.sg/images/pdf/[email protected].
- Storey, Ian. 2022. “Piracy and the Pandemic: Maritime Crime in Southeast Asia, 2020-2022.” Fulcrum. https://fulcrum.sg/piracy-and-the-pandemic-maritime-crime-in-southeast-asia-2020-2022/.
- Strangio, Sebastian. 2020. In the Dragon's Shadow: Southeast Asia in the Chinese Century. New Haven: Yale University Press.
- Sulaiman, Stefano, and Fransiska Nangoy. 2023. “Indonesia Seizes Iranian-Flagged Tanker Suspected of Illegal Oil Transfer.” Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/indonesia-seizes-iranian-flagged-tanker-suspected-illegal-transshipment-oil-2023-07-11.
- Suzuki, Sanae. 2019. “Why is ASEAN not Intrusive? Non-Interference Meets State Strength.” Journal of Contemporary East Asia Studies 8 (2): 157–176. https://doi.org/10.1080/24761028.2019.1681652.
- Teixeira, Carlota A., and Jamie Nogueira Pinto. 2022. “Maritime Piracy in the Gulf of Guinea.” GIS. https://www.gisreportsonline.com/r/piracy-gulf-guinea/.
- Till, Geoffrey. 2022. “Order at Sea: Southeast Asia’s Maritime Security.” Lowy Institute. https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/order-sea-southeast-asia-s-maritime-security.
- Toucas, Vanessa. 2023. “Indian Ocean Removed from the Piracy High Risk Area from 1st of January 2023.” Latitude Brokers. https://latitudebrokers.com/indian-ocean-removed-from-the-piracy-high-risk-area-from-1st-january-2023/.
- United Nations Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea. 2010. “Legal Framework for the Repression of Piracy Under UNCLOS.” https://www.un.org/depts/los/piracy/piracy_legal_framework.htm.
- U.S. Embassy & Consulates in Indonesia. N.d. “Fact Sheet: U.S. Building Maritime Capacity in Southeast Asia.” https://id.usembassy.gov/our-relationship/policy-history/embassy-fact-sheets/fact-sheet-u-s-building-maritime-capacity-in-southeast-asia/.
- U.S. Energy Information Administration. 2017. “The Strait of Malacca, a key oil trade chokepoint, links the Indian and Pacific Oceans.” https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=32452.
- von Hoesslin, Karsten. 2016. “The Economics of Piracy in South East Asia.” Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime. https://globalinitiative.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/global-initiative-economics-of-se-asia-piracy-may-2016.pdf, p. 22.
- Wolejsza, Piotr. 2010. “Data Transmission in Inland AIS System.” International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation 4 (2): 179–182.
- Yuniar, R. W. 2022. “Indonesia's Land and Maritime Border Disputes with Malaysia, the Philippines and Vietnam.” South China Morning Post. https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/explained/article/3163035/indonesias-land-and-maritime-border-disputes-malaysia.