References
- Pedersen , B. , Knudsen , K. E. B. and Eggum , B. O. 1989 . Nutritive value of cereal products with emphasis on the effect of milling . World Rev. Nutr. Diet. , 60 : 1
- Patterson , B. H. and Block , G. 1988 . Food choices and the cancer guidelines . Am. J. Public Health , 78 : 282
- Welsh , S. O. and Marston , R. M. 1982 . Review of trends in food use in the United States, 1909 to 1980 . J. Am. Diet. Assoc. , 81 : 120
- Pilch , S. M. 1987 . Physiological Effects and Health Consequences of Dietary Fiber , 149 Bethesda, MD : Life Sciences Research Office, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology .
- Block , G. and Lanza , E. 1987 . Dietary fiber sources in the United States by demographic group . J. Natl. Cancer Inst. , 79 : 83
- Johnson , E. J. , Roth , C. A. , Reinhardt , J. T. and Marlett , J. A. 1988 . Dietary fiber intakes of nursing home residents and independent‐living older adults . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 48 : 159
- Bingham , S. and Cummings , J. H. 1980 . “ Sources and intakes of dietary fiber in man ” . In Medical Aspects of Dietary Fiber , Edited by: Spiller , G. A. and Kay , R. M. 261 New York : Plenum Press .
- Lanza , E. , Jones , D. Y. , Block , G. and Kessler , L. 1987 . Dietary fiber intake in the U.S. population . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 46 : 790
- Marlett , J. A. 1992 . Content and composition of dietary fiber in 117 frequently consumed foods . J. Am. Diet. Assoc , 92 : 175
- Committee on Diet and Health, Food and Nutrition Board, National Research Council . 1989 . Diet and Health , 15 Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press .
- Block , G. , Patterson , B. and Subar , A. 1992 . Fruit, vegetables, and cancer prevention: a review of the epidemiological evidence . Nutr. Cancer , 18 : 1
- Slavin , J. L. 1990 . Dietary fiber: mechanisms or magic on disease prevention? . Nutr. Today , 25 : 6
- Eastwood , M. A. 1992 . The physiological effect of dietary fiber an update . Annu. Rev. Nutr. , 12 : 19
- Jenkins , D. J. A. , Jenkins , A. L. , Rao , A. V. and Thompson , L. U. 1987 . Starchy foods, type of fiber, and cancer risk . Prev. Med. , 16 : 545
- Stephen , A. M. 1991 . Starch and dietary fibre: their physiological and epidemiological interrelationships . Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol , 69 : 116
- Hamberg , O. and Rumessen , J. J. 1989 . and Gudmand‐Hoyer, E., Inhibition of starch absorption by dietary fibre — a comparative study of wheat bran, sugar‐beet fibre and pea fibre . Scand. J. Gastroenterol , 24 : 103
- Willett , W. 1989 . The search for causes of breast and colon cancer . Nature , 338 : 389
- Wattenberg , L. W. 1983 . Inhibition of neoplasia by minor dietary constituents . Cancer Res. , 43 : 2448S
- Potter , J. D. 1988 . Dietary fiber, vegetables and cancer . J. Nutr. , 118 : 1591
- Adlercreutz , H. 1990 . Western diet and Western diseases: some hormonal and biochemical mechanisms and associations . Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. , 50 (Suppl. 201) : 3
- Setchell , K. D. R. and Adlercreutz , H. 1988 . “ Mammalian Iignans and phyto‐estrogens: recent studies on their formation, metabolism and biological role in health and disease ” . In Role of the Gut Flora in Toxicity and Cancer , Edited by: Rowland , I. R. 315 New York : Academic Press .
- Potter , J. D. 1987 . “ Reproduction, sex steroid hormones and cancer ” . In Concepts and Theories in Carcino‐genesis , 243 New York : Elsevier Science .
- Howell , M. A. 1976 . The association between colorectal cancer and breast cancer . J. Chron. Dis. , 29 : 243
- Adlercreutz , H. 1988 . Lignans and phytoestrogens: possible preventive role in cancer . Front. Gastrointest. Res. , 14 : 165
- Horwitz , C. and Walker , A. R. P. 1984 . Lignans — additional benefits from fiber? . Nutr. Cancer , 5 : 73
- Adlercreutz , H. 1984 . Does fiber‐rich food containing animal lignan precursors protect against both colon and breast cancer? An extension of the “fiber hypothesis”; . Gastroenterology , 86 : 761
- Fraser , G. E. , Sabate , J. , Beeson , W. L. and Strahan , T. M. 1992 . A possible protective effect of nut consumption on risk of coronary heart disease . Arch. Int. Med. , 152 : 1416
- Byington , R. , Dyer , A. R. Garside , D. . Recent trends of major coronary risk factors in CHD mortality in the United States and other industrialized countries . Proceedings of the Conference on the Decline in Coronary Heart Disease Mortality . Edited by: Hawlik , R. J. and Feinleib , M. pp. 359 Washington, D.C. : US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare .
- National Institutes of Health publication , 79 1610 Table 9
- Rose , D. P. 1992 . Dietary fiber, phytoestrogens, and breast cancer . Nutrition , 8 : 47
- Rose , D. P. , Boyar , A. P. and Wynder , E. L. 1986 . International comparisons of mortality rates for cancers of the breast, ovary, prostate and colon, and per capita food consumption . Cancer , 58 : 2363
- Howe , G. R. , Hirohata , T. , Hislop , T. G. , Iscovich , M. M. , Yuan , J. M. , Katsouyanni , K. , Lubin , M. , Marubini , E. , Modan , B. and Rohan , T. 1990 . Dietary factors and risk of breast cancer: combined analysis of 12 case‐control studies . J. Natl. Cancer Inst. , 82 : 561
- Graham , S. , Hellmann , R. , Marshall , J. , Freuden‐heim , J. , Vena , J. , Swanson , M. , Zielezny , M. , Nemoto , T. , Stubbe , N. and Raimondo , T. 1991 . Nutritional epidemiology of postmenopausal breast cancer in Western New York . Am. J. Epidemiol , 134 : 552
- Freudenheim , J. L. , Graham , S. , Horvath , P. J. , Marshall , J. R. , Haughey , B. P. and Wilkinson , G. 1990 . Risks associated with source of fiber and fiber components in cancer of the colon and rectum . Cancer Res. , 50 : 3295
- Bidoli , E. , Franceschi , S. , Talamini , R. , Barra , S. and LaVecchia , C. 1992 . Food consumption and cancer of the colon and rectum in northeastern Italy . Int. J. Cancer , 50 : 223
- Peters , R. K. , Garabrant , D. H. , Yu , M. C. and Mack , T. M. 1989 . A case‐control study of occupational and dietary factors in colorectal cancer in young men by subsite . Cancer Res. , 49 : 5459
- Thun , M. J. , Calle , E. E. , Namboodiri , M. M. , Flanders , W. D. , Coates , R. J. , Byers , T. , Bofgetta , P. , Garfinkel , L. and Heath , C. W. 1992 . Risk factors for fatal colon cancer in a large prospective study . J. Natl. Cancer Inst. , 84 : 1491
- Giovannucci , E. , Stampfer , M. , Colditz , G. , Rimm , E. B. and Willett , W. C. 1992 . Relationship of diet to risk of colorectal adenoma in men . J. Natl. Cancer Inst. , 84 : 91
- Steinmetz , K. and Potter , J. 1991 . Vegetables, fruit and cancer. I. Epidemiology . Cancer Causes Control , 2 : 325
- Trock , B. , Lanza , E. and Greenwald , P. 1990 . Dietary fiber, vegetables, and colon cancer: critical review and meta‐analysis of the epidemiologic evidence . J. Natl. Cancer Inst. , 82 : 650
- La Vecchia , C. , Decarli , A. , Fasoli , M. and Gentile , A. 1986 . Nutrition and diet in the etiology of endome‐trial cancer . Cancer , 57 : 1248
- Wu‐Williams , A. H. , Ye , M. C. and Mack , T. M. 1990 . Life‐style, workplace, and stomach cancer by subsite in young men of Los Angeles County . Cancer Res. , 50 : 2569
- Jenkins , D. J. A. , Wesson , V. , Wolever , T. M. , Jenkins , A. L. , Kalmusky , J. , Guidici , S. , Csima , A. , Josse , R. G. and Wong , G. S. 1988 . Wholemeal versus wholegrain breads: proportion of whole or cracked grain and the glycaemic response . Br. Med. J. , 297 : 929