Advanced search
Publication Cover
Critical Reviews in Toxicology Volume 51, 2021 - Issue 7
Submit an article Journal homepage
2,247
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review Articles

Using existing knowledge for the risk evaluation of crop protection products in order to guide exposure driven data generation strategies and minimise unnecessary animal testing

Paul Parsonsa Exponent International Limited, Harrogate, UKView further author information
,
Elaine Freemanb Exponent Inc, WashingtonDC, USACorrespondence[email protected]
ORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8054-6780View further author information
ORCID Icon,
Ryan Weidlingb Exponent Inc, WashingtonDC, USAView further author information
,
Gary L. Williamsa Exponent International Limited, Harrogate, UKView further author information
,
Philip Gilla Exponent International Limited, Harrogate, UKView further author information
&
Neil Byrona Exponent International Limited, Harrogate, UKView further author information
Pages 600-621 | Received 07 Jul 2021, Accepted 23 Sep 2021, Published online: 10 Nov 2021

References

  • Barlow S. 2005. Threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) – a tool for assessing substances of unknown toxicity present at low levels in the diet. International Life Science Institute Europe Concise Monograph Series.
  • Cooper RL, Lamb JC, Barlow SM, Bentley K, Brady AM, Doerrer NG, Eisenbrandt DL, Fenner-Crisp PA, Hines RN, Irvine LF, et al. 2006. A tiered approach to life stages testing for agricultural chemical safety assessment. Crit Rev Toxicol. 36(1):69–98.
  • Craig E, Lowe K, Akerman G, Dawson J, May B, Reaves E, Lowit A. 2019. Reducing the need for animal testing while increasing efficiency in a pesticide regulatory setting: lessons from the EPA Office of Pesticide Programs' Hazard and Science Policy Council. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 108:104481.
  • Crépet A, Luong TM, Baines J, Boon PE, Ennis J, Kennedy M, Massarelli I, Miller D, Nako S, Reuss R, et al. 2021. An international probabilistic risk assessment of acute dietary exposure to pesticide residues in relation to codex maximum residue limits for pesticides in food. Food Con. 121:107563.
  • Doe JE, Boobis AR, Blacker A, Dellarco V, Doerrer NG, Franklin C, Goodman JI, Kronenberg JM, Lewis R, McConnell EE, et al. 2006. A tiered approach to systemic toxicity testing for agricultural chemical safety assessment. Crit Rev Toxicol. 36(1):37–68.
  • Embry MR, Bachman AN, Bell DR, Boobis AR, Cohen SM, Dellarco V, Dewhurst I, Doerrer NG, Hines RN, Moretto A, et al. 2014. Risk assessment in the 21st century: roadmap and matrix. Crit Rev Toxicol. 44(sup3):6–16.
  • European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). 2014. Guidance on the assessment of exposure of operators, workers, residents and bystanders in risk assessment for plant protection products. Efsa J. 12(10):3874–3855.
  • European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). 2021. Pesticide evaluation: Tools. Calculators-Tools. PRIMo – Pesticide Residue Intake Model. https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/applications/pesticides/tools.
  • Guth S, Roth A, Engeli B, Lachenmeier DW, Cartus AT, Hüser S, Baum M, Diel P, Eisenbrand G, Hengstler JG, et al. 2020. Comparison of points of departure between subchronic and chronic toxicity studies on food additives, food contaminants and natural food constituents. Food Chem Tox. 146:111784.
  • Jackson S, Hendley P, Jones R, Poletika M, Russell M. 2005. Comparison of regulatory method estimated drinking water exposure concentrations with monitoring results from surface drinking water supplies. J Agric Food Chem. 53(22):8840–8847.
  • Kroes R, Renwick AG, Cheeseman M, Kleiner J, Mangelsdorf I, Piersma A, Schilter B, Schlatter J, van Schothorst F, Vos JH, et al. 2004. Structure-based thresholds of toxicological concern (TTC): guidance for application to substances present at low levels in the diet. Food Chem Toxicol. 42(1):65–83.
  • Moxon M, Strupp C, Aggarwal M, Odum J, Lewis R, Zedet S, Mehta J. 2020. An analysis of the setting of the acute reference dose (ARfD) for pesticides in Europe. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 113:104638.
  • Parsons P. 2012. Safety evaluation of new pesticide active ingredients: enquiry-led approach to data generation. In: Jeschke P, Krämer W, Schirmer U, Witschel M, editors. Modern methods in crop protection research. 2nd ed. Wiley-VCH; pp. 351–379.
  • Pastoor TP, Bachman AN, Bell DR, Cohen SM, Dellarco M, Dewhurst IC, Doe JE, Doerrer NG, Embry M, Hines RN, et al. 2014. A 21st century roadmap for human health risk assessment. Crit Rev Toxicol. 44(Suppl 3):1–5.
  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2001. Standard Values for Daily Acres Treated in Agriculture. ExpoSAC Policy 9.1 Health Effects Division, Office of Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC. September 25.
  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2012. Standard Operating Procedures for Residential Pesticide Exposure Assessment. Health Effects Division, Office of Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC. October.
  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2021a. Occupational Pesticide Handler Unit Exposure Surrogate Reference Table. Health Effects Division, Office of Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC. May.
  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2021b. About Water Exposure Models Used in Pesticide Assessments. https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-science-and-assessing-pesticide-risks/about-water-exposure-models-used-pesticide#water_models.
  • Wheeler AR. 2019. Directive to Prioritize Efforts to Reduce Animal Testing. US EPA Memorandum, September 10th 2019. https://www.epa.gov/environmental-topics/administrator-memo-prioritizing-efforts-reduce-animal-testing-september-20-2019.
  • Wolf DC, Aggarwal M, Battalora M, Blacker A, Catalano SI, Cazarin K, Lautenschalaeger D, Pais MC, Rodríguez M, Rupprecht K, et al. 2020. Implementing a globally harmonized risk assessment-based approach for regulatory decision-making of crop protection products. Pest Manag Sci. 76(10):3311–3315.
  • Yoshida M, Suzuki D, Matsumoto K, Shirota M, Inoue K, Takahashi M, Morita T, Ono A. 2013. Simulation of acute reference dose (ARfD) settings for pesticides in Japan. J Toxicol Sci. 38(2):205–214.

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.