Appraisal of the MTT-based Assay as a Useful Tool for Predicting Drug Chemosensitivity in Leukemia

References

• Mosmann, T. (1983) "Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays", Journal of Immunological Methods 65, 55–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alley, M.C., Scuderio, D.A., Monks, A., Hursey, M.L., Czerwinsky, M.J., Fine, D.L., Abbott, B.J., Mayo, J.G., Shoemaker, R.H. and Boyd, M.R. (1988) "Feasibility of drug screening with panels of human tumor cell lines using a microculture tetrazolium assay", Cancer Research 48, 589–601.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pieters, R., Loonen, A.H., Huismans, D.R., Broekman, G.J., Driven, M.W.J., Henenbrok, M.W., Hahlen, K. and Veerman, A.J.P. (1990) "In vitro drug sensitivity of cells from children with leukemia using the MTT assay with improved culture conditions", Blood 76(11), 2327–2336.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanson, J.A., Bently, D.P., Bean, E.A., Nute, S.R. and Moore, J.L. (1991) "In vitro chemosensitivity testing in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients", Leukemia Research 15(7), 565–569.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tada, H., Shiho, O., Kuroshima, K., Koyama, M. and Tsukamoto, K. (1986) "An improved colorimetric assay for Interleukin-2", Journal of Immunological Methods 93(2), 157–165.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicks, M. and Otto, M. (1990) "Towards an optimized MTTassay", Journal of Immunological Methods 70, 149–151.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sladowsky, D., Steer, S.J., Clothier, R.H. and Balls, M. (1993) "An improved MTT assay", Journal of Immunological Methods 157, 203–207.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sargent, J.M. and Tailor, C.G. (1989) "Appraisal of the MTT assay as a rapid test of chemosensitivity in acute myeloid leukemia", British Journal of Cancer 60, 206–210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hongo, T., Fujii, Y. and Igarashi, M.Y. (1990) "An in vitro chemosensitivity test for the screening of anti-cancer drugs in childhood leukemia", Cancer 65(6), 1263–1272.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vistica, D.T., Skehan, P., Scudiero, D., Monks, A., Pittman, A. and Boyd, M.R. (1991) "Tetrazolium-based assay for cellular viability: a critical examination of selected parameters affecting formazan production", Cancer Research 51, 2515–2520.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van de Loosdrecht, A., Ossenkoppele, G.J., Beelen, R.H.J., Drager, A.M. and Langenhuijsen, M.M. (1995) "Apoptosis in tumor necrosis factor-dependent, monocyte-mediated leukemic cell death: a functional, morphologic and flow cytometric analysis", Experimental Hematology 21, 1628–1639.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshall, N.J., Goodwin, C.J. and Holts, S.J. (1995) "A critical assessment of the use of microculture tetrazolium assays to measure cell growth and function", Growth Regulation 5, 69–84.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Arjan, A., Van de Loosdrecht, A.A., Nennie, E., Ossenkoppele, G.H., Beelen, R.H. and Langenhuijsen, M.M.A.C. (1991) "Cell mediated cytotoxicity against U937 cells by human monocytes and macrophages in a modified colorimetric MTT assay", Journal of Immunological Methods 141, 15–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garn, H., Krause, H., Enzman, V. and Drossler, K. (1994) "An improved MTT assay using the electron-coupling agent menadione", Journal of Immunological Methods 168, 253–256.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paull, K.D., Shoemaker, R.H., Boyd, M.R., Parsons, J.L., Risbood, P.A., Barbera, W.A., Sharma, M.N., Baker, D.C., Hand, E., Scuderio, D.A., Monks, A., Alley, M.C. and Grote, M. (1988) "The synthesis of XTT: a new tetrazolium reagent that is bioreducible to a water-soluble formazan", Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry 25, 911.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roehm, N.W., Rodgers, G.H., Hatfield, S.M. and Glasebrook, A.L. (1991) "An improved colorimetric assay for cell proliferation and viability utilizing the tetrazolium salt XTT", Journal of Immunological Methods 142, 257–265.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevenes, M.G. and Olsen, S.C. (1993) "Comparative analysis of using MTT and XTT in colorimetric assays for quantitating bovine neutrophil bactericidal activity", Journal of Immunological methods 157, 225–231.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scuderio, D.A., Shoemaker, R.H., Paull, K.D., Monks, A., Tierney, S., Nofziger, T.H., Currens, M.J., Seniff, D. and Boyd, M.R. (1988) "Evaluation of a soluble tetrazolium/formazan assay for cell growth and drug sensitivity in culture using human and other tumor cell lines", Cancer Research 48, 4827–4833.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cory, A.H., Owen, T.C., Barltrop, J.A. and Cory, J.G. (1991) "Use of an aqueous soluble tetrazolium/formazan assay for cell grown in culture", Cancer Communications 3, 207–212.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buttke, T.M., McCubrey, J.A. and Owen, T.C. (1993) "Use of an aqueous soluble tetrazolium/formazan assay to measure viability and proliferation of lymphokine-dependent cell lines", Journal of Immunolgical Methods 157, 233–240.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peskin, S.B. andWinterbourn, C.C. (2000) "A microtiter plate assay for superoxide dismutase using a water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1)", Clinica Chimica Acta 293, 157–166.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silber, R., Degar, B., Costin, D., Newcomb, E.W., Mani, M., Rosenberg, C.R., Morse, L., Drygas, J.C., Canellakis, J.N. and Potmesil, M. (1994) "Chemosensitivity of lymphocytes from patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia to chlorambucil, fludarabine and camptothecin analogs", Blood 84(10), 3440–3446.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morabito, F., Stelitano, C., Callea, I., Dattola, A., Console, G., Pucci, G., Iacopino, P., Callea, V., de Raimondo, F. and Brugiatelli, M. (1998) "In vitro drug-induced cytotoxicity predicts clinical response to fludarabine in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia", British Journal of Haematology 102, 528–531.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bosanquet, A.G., Johnson, S.A. and Richards, S.M. (1999) "Prognosis for fludarabine therapy of CLL based on ex vivo drug response DiSC assay", British Journal of Haematology 109, 71–77.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Consoli, U., El-Tounsi, I., Sandoval, A., Snell, V., Kleine, H.D., Brown, W., Robinson, J.R., DiRaimondo, F., Plunkett, W. and Andreeff, M. (1998) "Differential induction of apoptosis by fludarabine monophosphate in leukemic B and normal T cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia", Blood 91, 1742–1748.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kitada, S., Andersen, J., Akar, S., Zapata, J.M., Takayama, S., Krajewski, S., Wang, H.-G., Zhang, X., Bullrich, F., Croce, C.M., Rai, K., Hines, J. and Reed, J.C. (1998) "Expression of apoptosisregulating proteins in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: correlation with in vitro and in vivo chemoresponses", Blood 91, 3379–3389.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baines, P., Limaye, M., Hoy, T., Padua, R.A., Whittaker, J., al-Sabah, A. and Burnett, A. (1994) "In vitro drug resistance in acute myeloid and chronic B-lymphocytic leukeaemic blasts and in normal blood and marrow populations", Leukemia Research 18, 683–691.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klumper, E., Ossenkoppele, G.J., Pieters, R., Huismans, D.R., Loonen, A.H., Rottier, A., Westra, G. and Veerman, A.J. (1996) "In vitro resistance to cytosine arabinoside, not to daunorubicin, is associated with the risk of relapse in de novo acute myeloid leukemia", British Journal of Haematology 93, 903–910.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norgaard, J.M., Olesen, G., Kristensen, J.S., Pedersen, B. and Hokland, P. (1999) "Leukaemia cell drug resistance and prognostic factors in AML", European Journal of Haematology 63, 219–224.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stute, N., Kohler, T., Lehmann, L., Wetzstein, W. and Ehninger, G. (1999) "Drug resistance testing of acute myeloid leukemia in adults using the MTT assay", Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 457, 445–452.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norgaard, J.M., Langkjer, S.T., Palshof, T., Pedersen, B. and Hokland, P. (2001) "Pretreatment leukaemia cell drug resistance is correlated to clinical outcome in acute myeloid leukaemia", European Journal of Haematology 66, 160–167.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lonnerholm, G., Frost, B.M., Larsson, R., Liliemark, E., Nygren, P. and Peterson, C. (1999) "In vitro cytotoxic drug activity and in vivo pharmacokinetics in childhood acute myeloid leukemia", Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 457, 429–435.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zwaan, C.M., Kaspers, G.J., Pieters, R., Ramakers-Van Woerden, N.L., den Boer, M.L., Wunsche, R., Rottier, M.M., Hahlen, K., vanWering, E.R., Janka-Schaub, G.E., Creutzig, U. and Veerman, A.J. (2000) "Cellular drug resistance profiles in childhood acute myeloid leukemia: differences between FAB types and comparison with acute lymphoblastic leukemia", Blood 96, 2879–2886.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zwaan, C.M., Kaspers, G.J., Pieters, R., Hahlen, K., Janka-Schaub, G.E., Van-Zantwijk, C.H., Huismans, D.R., de Vries, E., Rots, M.G., Peters, G.J., Jans, G., Cruetzig, U. and Veerman, A.J. (2002) "Different drug sensitivity profiles of acute myeloid and lymphoblastic leukemia and normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells in children with and without Down's syndrome", Blood 99, 245–251.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaspers, G.J., Veerman, A.J.P., Pieters, R., Van Zantwijk, C.H., Smets, L.A., Van Wering, E.R. and Van Der Does-Van Berg, A. (1997) "In vitro cellular drug resistance and prognosis in newly diagnosed childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia", Blood 90, 2723–2729.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hongo, T., Yamada, S., Yajima, S., Watanabe, C., Fujii, Y., Kawasaki, H., Yazaki, M., Hanada, R. and Horikoshi, Y. (1999) "Biological characteristics and prognostic value of in vitro threedrug resistance to prednisolone, L-asparaginase, and vincristine in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia", International Journal of Hematology 70(4), 268–277.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaspers, G.J.L., Pieters, R., Van Zantwijk, C.H., Van Wering, E.R., Van Der Does-Van Den Berg, A. and Veerman, A.J. (1998) "Prednisolone resistance in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: vitro-vivo correlations and cross-resistance to other drugs", Blood 92, 259–266.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Styczynski, J., Pieters, R., Huismans, D.R., Schuurhuis, G.H., Wysocki, M. and Veerman, A.J. (2000) "In vitro drug resistance profiles of adult versus childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia", British Journal of Haematology 110, 813–818.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dutch and German Leukemia Study Groups. Ramakers-Van Woerden, N.L., Pieters, R., Hoelzer, D., Slater, R.M., Boer, M.L., Loonen, A.H., Harbott, J., Janka-Schaub, G.E., Ludwig Ossenkoppele, G.J., vanWering, E.R. and Veerman, A.J. (2002) "In vitro drug resistance profile of Philadelphia positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia is heterogeneous and related to age: a report of the Dutch and German Leukemia Study Groups", Medical and Pediatric Oncology 38, 379–386.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kano, Y., Akutsu, M., Tsunoda, S., Suzuki, K., Ichikawa, A., Furukawa, Y., Bai, L. and Kon, K. (2000) "In vitro cytotoxic effects of fludarabine (2-F-ara-A) in combination with commonly used antileukemic agents by isobologram analysis", Leukemia 14, 379–388.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayon, T., Dvilansky, A., Oriev, L. and Nathan, I. (1999) "Nonsteroidal antiestrogens induce apoptosis in HL60 and MOLT3 leukemic cells; involvement of reactive oxygen radicals and protein kinase C", Anticancer Research 19, 2089–2093.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogawa, R., Streiff, M.B., Bugayenko, A. and Kato, G.J. (2002) "Inhibition of PDE4 phosphodiesterase activity induces growth suppression, apoptosis, glucocorticoid sensitivity, p53, and p21 (WAF1/CIP1) proteins in human acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells", Blood 99, 3390–3397.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Topaly, J., Zeller,W.J. and Freuhauf, S. (2001) "Synergistic activity of the new ABL-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571 and chemotherapeutic drugs on BCR-ABL-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia cells", Leukemia 15, 342–347.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kano, Y., Akutsu, M., Tsunoda, S., Mano, H., Sato, Y., Honma, Y. and Furukawa, Y. (2001) "In vitro cytotoxic effects of a tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571 in combination with commonly used antileukemic agents", Blood 97, 1999–2007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, S., Gomez, S.P., McCarley, D. and Mainwaring, M.G. (2002) "Topotecan-induced topoisomerase IIalpha expression increases the sensitivity of the CML cell line K562 to subsequent etoposide plus mitoxantrone treatment", Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology 49, 347–355.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, Z.L., Onda, K., Tanaka, S., Toma, T., Hirano, T. and Oka, K. (2002) "Induction of multidrug resistance in MOLT-4 cells by anticancer agents is closely related to increased expression of functional P-glycoprotein and MDRI mRNA", Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology 49, 391–397.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nussler, V., Pelka-Fleisc, R., Gieseler, F., Hasmann, M., Loser, R., Gullis, E., Gullis, E., Stotzer, O., Zwierzina, H. and Wilmanns, W. (1998) "In vitro efficacy of known P-glycoprotein modulators compared to droloxifene E and Z: studies on a human T-cell leukemia cell line and their resistant variants", Leukemia and Lymphoma 31(5–6), 589–597.
   Google Scholar
• Den Boer, M.L., Pieters, R., Kazemier, K.M., Janka-Schaub, G.E., Henze, G. and Veerman, A.J. (1998) "The modulating effect of PSC 833, cyclosporin A, verapamil and genistein on in vitro cytotoxicty and intracellular content of daunorubicin in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia", Leukemia 12, 912–920.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kreis, W., Budman, D.R. and Calabro, A. (2001) "A reexamination of PSC 833 (Valspodar) as a cytotoxic agent and in combination with anticancer agents", Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology 47, 78–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mason, J.M. (1999) "The DiSC assay: a cost-effective guide to treatment for chronic lymphocytic leukemia?", International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 15, 173–184.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar