Clinicopathological features of primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas from an academic regional hospital in central Italy: No evidence of Borrelia burgdorferi association

References

• Willemze R, Jaffe E S, Burg G, Cerroni L, Berti L, Swerdlow S H, et al. WHO-EORTC classification for cutaneous lymphomas. Blood 2005; 105: 3768–3785
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zackheim H S, Vonderheid E C, Ramsay D L, LeBoit P E, Rothfleisch J, Kashani-Sabet M. Relative frequency of various forms of primary cutaneous lymphomas. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000; 43: 793–796
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson J R, Armitage J O, Weisenburger D D. Epidemiology of the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: distributions of the major subtypes differ by geographic locations. Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Classification Project. Ann Oncol 1998; 9: 717–720
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuppers R, Klein U, Hansmann M L, Rajewsky K. Cellular origin of human B-cell lymphomas. N Engl J Med 1999; 341: 1520–1529
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pasqualucci L, Neumeister P, Goossens T, Nanjangud G, Chaganti R S, Kuppers R, et al. Hypermutation of multiple proto-oncogenes in B-cell diffuse large-cell lymphomas. Nature 2001; 412: 341–346
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaffer A L, Rosenwald A, Staudt L M. Lymphoid malignancies: the dark side of B-cell differentiation. Nat Rev Immunol 2002; 2: 920–932
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suarez F, Lortholary O, Hermine O, Lecuit M. Infection-associated lymphomas derived from marginal zone B cells: a model of antigen-driven lymphoproliferation. Blood 2006; 107: 3034–3044
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Müllegger R R. Dermatological manifestations of Lyme borreliosis. Eur J Dermatol 2004; 14: 296–309
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grange F, Wechsler J, Guillame J C, Tortel J, Tortel M C, Audhuy B, et al. Borrelia burgdorferi-associated lymphocytoma cutis simulating a primary cutaneous large B-cell lymphoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002; 47: 530–534
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colli C, Leinweber B, Müllegger R, Chott A, Kerl H, Cerroni L. Borrelia burgdorferi-associated lymphocytoma cutis: clinicopathologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular study of 106 cases. J Cutan Pathol 2004; 31: 232–240
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leinweber B, Colli C, Chott A. Differential diagnosis of cutaneous infiltrates of B lymphocytes with follicular growth pattern. Am J Dermatopathol 2004; 26: 4–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garbe C, Stein H, Dienemann D, Orfanos C E. Borrelia burgdorferi-associated cutaneous B-cell lymphoma: clinical and immunohistologic characterization of four cases. J Am Acad Dermatol 1991; 24: 584–590
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rijlaarsdam J U, van der Putte S C, Berti E, et al. Cutaneous immunocytomas: a clinicopathologic study of 26 cases. Histopathology 1993; 23: 117–125
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kutting B, Bonsmann G, Metze D. Borrelia burgdorferi-associated primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma: complete clearing of skin lesions after antibiotic therapy or intralesional injection of interferon alfa-2a. J Am Acad Dermatol 1997; 36: 311–314
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cerroni L, Zöchling N, Pütz B, Kerl H. Infection by Borrelia burgdorferi and cutaneous B-cell lymphoma. J Cutan Pathol 1997; 24: 457–461
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jelic S, Filipovic-Ljeskovic I. Positive serology for Lyme disease borrelias in primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma: a study in 22 patients; is it a fortuitous finding?. Hematol Oncol 1999; 17: 107–116
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodlad J R, Davidson M M, Hollowood K, Ling C, MacKenzie C, Christie I, et al. Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma and Borrelia burgdorferi infection in patients from the Highlands of Scotland. Am J Surg Pathol 2000; 24: 1279–1285
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodlad J R, Davidson M M, Hollowood K, Batstone P, Ho-Yen D O. Borrelia burgdorferi-associated cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma: a clinicopathological study of two cases illustrating the temporal progression of Borrelia burgdorferi-associated B-cell proliferation in the skin. Histopathology 2000; 37: 501–508
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roggero E, Zucca E, Mainetti C, Bertoni F, Valsangiacomo C, Pedrinis E, et al. Eradication of Borrelia burgdorferi infection in primary marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of the skin. Hum Pathol 2000; 31: 263–268
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De la Fouchardiere A, Vandenesch F, Berger F. Borrelia-associated primary cutaneous MALT lymphoma in a nonendemic region. Am J Surg Pathol 2003; 27: 702–703
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogle M A, Riddle C C, Triana E M, Triana E M, Jones D, Duvic M. Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005; 53: 478–483
   Google Scholar
• Santino I, Cammarata E, Franco S, Galdiero F, Oliva B, Sessa R, et al. Multicentric study of seroprevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi and Anaplasma phagocytophila in high-risk groups in regions of central and southern Italy. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2004; 17: 219–223
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wienecke R, Neubert U, Volkenandt M. Molecular detection of Borrelia burgdorferi in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lesions of Lyme disease. J Cutan Pathol 1993; 20: 385–388
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosa P A, Hogan D, Schwan T G. Polymerase chain reaction analyses identify two distinct classes of Borrelia burgdorferi. J Clin Microbiol 1991; 29: 524–532
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zinzani P L, Quaglino P, Pimpinelli N, Berti E, Baliva G, Rupoli S, et al. Prognostic factors in primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma: the Italian Study Group for Cutaneous Lymphomas. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24: 1376–1382
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeBoit P E, McNutt N S, Reed J A. Primary cutaneous immunocytoma. A B-cell lymphoma can be easily be mistaken for cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia. Am J Surg Pathol 1994; 18: 969–978
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood G S, Kamath N V, Guitart J, Heald P, Kohler S, Smoller B R, et al. Absence of Borrelia burgdorferi DNA in cutaneous B-cell lymphomas from the United States. J Cutan Pathol 2001; 28: 502g–507
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li C, Inagaki H, Kuo T T, Hu S, Okabe M, Eimoto T. Primary cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphoma: a molecular and clinicopathologic study of 24 asian cases. Am J Surg Pathol 2003; 27: 1061–1069
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Negri E, Little D, Baiocchi M, La Vecchia C, Franceschi S. B-cell non-Hodgkin's and hepatitis C virus infection: a systematic review. Int J Cancer 2004; 111: 1–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doglioni C, Wotherspoon A C, Moschini A, de Boni M, Isaacson P G. High incidence of primary gastric lymphoma in north-eastern Italy. Lancet 1992; 339: 834–835
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chadunet E, Zhou Y, Bacon C M, Wotherspoon A C, Müller-Hermelink H K, Adam P, et al. Chlamydia psittaci is variably associated with ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma in different geographical regions. J Pathol 2006; 209: 344–351
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munksgaard L, Frish M, Melbye M, Hjalgrim H. Incidence pattern of Lyme disease and cutaneous B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the United States. Dermatology 2000; 201: 351–352
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lebech A M, Clemmensen O, Hansen K. Comparison of in vitro culture, immunohistochemical staining, and PCR for detection of B. burgdorferi in tissue from experimentally infected animals. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33: 2328g–2333
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michaelis S, Kazakov D V, Schmid M, Dummer R, Burg G, Kempf W. Hepatitis C and G viruses in B-cell lymphomas of the skin. J Cutan Pathol 2003; 30: 369g–372
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crowson A N, Nuovo G, Ferri C, Magro C M. The dermatologic manifestations of hepatitis C infection: a clinical, histological and molecular assessment of 35 cases. Hum Pathol 2003; 34: 573–579
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar