Is a self-rated instrument appropriate to assess mentalization in patients with mental disorders? Development and first validation of the Mentalization Questionnaire (MZQ)

References

• Arbuckle , J.L. 1999 . Amos 4.0 (Computer program) , Chicago : SPSS .
   Google Scholar
• Bateman , A. and Fonagy , P. 1999 . Effectiveness of partial hospitalization in the treatment of borderline personality disorder: A randomized controlled trial . American Journal of Psychiatry , 156 : 1563 – 1569 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bateman , A. and Fonagy , P. 2003 . Health service utilization costs for Borderline personality disorder patients treated with psychoanalytically oriented partial hospital versus general psychiatric care . American Journal of Psychiatry , 160 ( 1 ) : 169 – 171 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bateman , A. and Fonagy , P. 2004a . Mentalization-Based Treatment of BPD . Journal of Personality Disorders , 18 ( 1 ) : 36 – 51 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bateman , A. and Fonagy , P. 2004b . Psychotherapy for Borderline Personality Disorder: Mentalization Based Treatment , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bateman , A. and Fonagy , P. 2008 . 8-Year Follow-up of patients treated for borderline personality disorder: Mentalization-based treatment versus treatment as usual . American Journal of Psychiatry , 165 ( 5 ) : 556 – 559 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bateman , A. and Fonagy , P. 2009 . Randomized controlled trial of outpatient mentalization-based treatment versus structured clinical management for borderline personality disorder . American Journal of Psychiatry , 166 : 1355 – 1364 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergmann-Mausfeld , G. 2006 . Pathologische Passung, Mentalisierung und negative therapeutische Reaktion [Pathology, mentalization and negative therapeutic reaction] . Forum der Psychoanalyse , 22 ( 3 ) : 249 – 267 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Björgvinsson , T. and Hart , J. 2006 . “ Cognitive behavioral therapy promotes mentalizing ” . In Handbook of mentalization-based treatment , Edited by: Allen , J.G. and Fonagy , P. 157 – 170 . West Sussex : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Brent , B. 2009 . Mentalization-based psychodynamic psychotherapy for psychosis . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 65 ( 8 ) : 803 – 814 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brockmann , J. , Dembler , K. , Zabolitzki , M. , & Kirsch , H. 2011 . Effects of interventions promoting mentalization and interventions disconfirming pathogenic beliefs - Single case studies of 3 long-term psychoanalytic therapies . Paper presented at the 42nd International Meeting of the Society for Psychotherapy Research , Bern .
   Google Scholar
• Choi-Kain , L.W. and Gunderson , J.G. 2008 . Mentalization: Ontogeny, assessment, and application in the treatment of borderline personality disorder . The American Journal of Psychiatry , 165 ( 9 ) : 1127 – 1135 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen , J. 1988 . Statistical power and analysis for the behavioral sciences , 2nd ed. , Hillsdale , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Cronbach , L.J. 1951 . Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests . Psychometrika , 16 : 297 – 334 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daudert , E. 2002 . “ Die Reflective Self Functioning Scale [The reflective self-functioning scale] ” . In Klinische Bindungsforschung. Theorien, Methoden, Ergebnisse [Clinical attachment research: Theory, methods, results] , Edited by: Strauss , B. , Kaechele , H. and Buchheim , A. 54 – 67 . Stuttgart : Schattauer .
   Google Scholar
• Dilling , H. , Mombour , W. and Schmidt , M.H. 1993 . Internationale Klassifikation psychischer Störungen: ICD-10 Kapitel V (F)-Klinisch-diagnostische Leitlinien [International Classification of mental disorders-clinical diagnostic guidelines] , Bern : Verlag Hans Huber .
   Google Scholar
• Dimaggio , G. , Carcione , A. , Salvatore , G. , Nicolò , G. , Sisto , A. and Semerari , A. 2011 . Progressively promoting metacognition in a case of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder treated with metacognitive interpersonal therapy . Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice , 84 ( 1 ) : 70 – 83 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellsäßer , L. 2007 . Mentalisierung im Psychotherapeutischen Prozess chronisch depressiver Patienten . Bewerbung um den Marianne-Ringler-Preis für Forschung in der Psychotherapie 2007 .
   Google Scholar
• Everitt , B.S. 1996 . Making sense of statistics in psychology: A second-level course , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Fischer-Kern , M. , Tmej , A. , Kapusta , N.D. , Naderer , A. , Leithner-Dziubas , K. , Loffler-Stastka , H. and Springer-Kremser , M. 2008 . Mentalisierungsfahigkeit bei depressiven Patientinnen: Eine Pilotstudie [Mentalization in depressive patients: a pilot study] . Zeitschrift Fuer Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie , 54 ( 4 ) : 368 – 380 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fonagy , P. 2006 . “ The mentalization-focused approach to social development ” . In Handbook of mentalization-based treatment , Edited by: Allen , J.G. and Fonagy , P. 53 – 100 . West Sussex : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Fonagy , P. and Bateman , A. 2007 . Mentalizing and borderline personality disorder . Journal of Mental Health , 16 ( 1 ) : 83 – 101 .
   Google Scholar
• Fonagy , P. , Bateman , A. and Bateman , A. 2011 . The widening scope of mentalizing: A discussion . Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice , 84 : 98 – 110 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fonagy , P. , Gergely , G. , Jurist , E.L. and Target , M. 2002 . Affect regulation, mentalization, and the development of the self , New York : Other Press .
   Google Scholar
• Fonagy , P. , Leigh , T. , Steele , M. , Steele , H. , Kennedy , R. , Mattoon , G. and  … Gerber , A. 1996 . The relation of attachment status, psychiatric classification, and response to psychotherapy . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 64 ( 1 ) : 22 – 31 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fonagy , P. , Steele , H. and Steele , M. 1991 . Maternal representations of attachement during pregnancy predict the organization of infant-mother attachment at one year of age . Child Development , 62 : 891 – 905 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fonagy , P. , Target , M. , Gergely , G. , Allen , J.G. and Bateman , A. 2003 . The developmental roots of borderline personality disorder in early attachment relationships: A theory and some evidence . Psychoanalytic Inquiry , 23 ( 3 ) : 412 – 459 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fonagy , P. , Target , M. , Steele , M. and Steele , H. 1997 . Reflective-functioning manual: For application to Adult Attachement Interviews , London : University College London .
   Google Scholar
• Harfst , T. , Koch , U. , Kurtz von Aschoff , C. , Nutzinger , D.O. , Rüddel , H. and Schulz , H. 2002 . Entwicklung und Validierung einer Kurzform der Symptom Checklist-90-R [Development and validation of a short version of the Symptom-Checlist 90-R] . DRV-Schriften , 33 : 71 – 73 .
   Google Scholar
• Haslam-Hopwood , G.T.G. , Allen , J.G. , Stein , A. and Bleiberg , E. 2006 . “ Enhancing Mentalizing through Psycho-Education ” . In Handbook of mentalization-based treatment , Edited by: Allen , J.G. and Fonagy , P. 249 – 268 . West-Sussex : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Höger , D. and Buschkämper , S. 2002 . Der Bielefelder Fragebogen zu Partnerschaftserwartungen.Ein alternativer Vorschlag zur Operationalisierung von Bindungsmustern mittels Fragebögen [The Bielefeld Partnership-Expectations Questionnaire. An alternative for the assesment of attachment types by self-rated questionnaires] . Zeitschrift für Differentielle und Diagnostische Psychologie , 23 ( 1 ) : 83 – 98 .
   Google Scholar
• Jacobson , N.S. and Truax , P. 1991 . Clinical significance: A statistical approach to defining meaningful change in psychotherapy research . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 59 : 12 – 19 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karlsson , R. and Kermott , A. 2006 . Reflective functioning during the process in brief psychotherapies . Psychology & Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice , 43 ( 1 ) : 65 – 84 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klöpper , M. 2006 . Reifung und Konflikt; Säuglingsforschung, Bindungstheorie und Mentalisierungskonzept in der tiefenpsychologischen Psychotherapie [Maturing and conflict: infant research, attachment theory and the mentalization model in psychodynamic psychotherapy] , Stuttgart : Klett-Cotta .
   Google Scholar
• Kriston , L. , Günzler , C. , Harms , A. and Berner , M. 2008 . Confirmatory factor analysis of the German version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF): A comparison of four models . Journal of Sexual Medicine , 5 : 92 – 99 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levy , K.N. , Meehan , K.B. , Kelly , K.M. , Reynoso , J.S. , Weber , M. and Clarkin , J.F. 2006 . Change in attachment patterns and reflective function in a randomized control trial of transference-focused psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 74 ( 6 ) : 1027 – 1040 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis , L. 2006 . “ Enhancing mentalizing capacity through dialectical behavior therapy skills training and positive psychology ” . In Hanbook of mentalization-based treatment , Edited by: Allen , J.G. and Fonagy , P. 171 – 182 . West Sussex : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• MacBeth , A. , Gumley , A. , Schwannauer , M. and Fisher , R. 2011 . Attachment states of mind, mentalization, and their correlates in a first-episode psychosis sample . Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice , 84 ( 1 ) : 42 – 57 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Müller , C. , Kaufhold , J. , Overbeck , G. and Grabhorn , R. 2006 . The importance of reflective functioning to the diagnosis of psychic structure . Psychology & Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice , 79 ( 4 ) : 485 – 494 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rabung , S. , Harfst , T. , Kawski , S. , Koch , U. , Wittchen , H.-U. and Schulz , H. 2009 . Psychometrische Überprüfung einer verkürzten Version der “Hamburger Module zur Erfassung allgemeiner Aspekte psychosozialer Gesundheit für die therapeutische Praxis” (HEALTH-49) [Psychometric evaluation of an short version of the Hamburg Modules for the Assessment of Psychosocial Health] . Zeitschrift für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie , 55 : 162 – 179 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rudden , M. , Milrod , B. , Target , M. , Ackerman , S. and Graf , E. 2006 . Reflective functioning in panic disorder patients: a pilot study . Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association , 54 ( 4 ) : 1339 – 1343 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skarderud , F. 2007a . Eating one's words, part I: ‘Concretised metaphors’ and reflective function in anorexia nervosa - an interview study . European Eating Disorders Review , 15 ( 3 ) : 163 – 174 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skarderud , F. 2007b . Eating one's words, Part II: The embodied mind and reflective functioning in anorexia nervosa-theory . European Eating Disorders Review , 15 ( 4 ) : 243 – 252 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skarderud , F. 2007c . Eating one's words: Part III. Mentalisation-based psychotherapy for anorexia nervosa: An outline for a treatment and training manual . European Eating Disorders Review , 15 ( 5 ) : 323 – 339 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slade , M. 2002 . Routine outcome assessment in mental health services . Psychological Medicine , 32 ( 8 ) : 1339 – 1343 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SPSS . 2009 . SPSS Version 15.0 for Windows . Chicago , IL : SPSS .
   Google Scholar
• Stein , H. 2003 . Mentalization with reservations . Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic , 67 ( 2 ) : 143 – 149 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taubner , S. , Kessler , H. , Buchheim , A. , Kächele , H. and Staun , L. 2011 . The role of mentalization in the psychoanalytic treatment of chronic depression . Psychiatry , 74 ( 1 ) : 49 – 57 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanderlinden , J. , Van Dyck , R. , Vandereycken , W. , Vertommen , H. and Verkes , R.J. 1993 . The Dissociation Questionnaire (DIS-Q): Development and characteristics of a new self-report questionnaire . Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy , 1 ( 21–27 )
   Google Scholar
• Vanheule , S. , Verhaeghe , P. and Desmet , M. 2011 . In search of a framework for the treatment of alexithymia . Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice , 84 ( 1 ) : 84 – 97 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wetterling , T. , Junghanns , K. , Müßigbrodt , H. , Freyberger , H.J. and Dilling , H. 1997 . Erfassung der Therapieergebnisse im Rahmen der Qualitätssicherung in einer psychiatrischen Klinik [Assessment of therapy outcome on the basis of quality assurance in a psychiatric clinic] . Nervenarzt , 68 : 742 – 751 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar