354
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Long-term exposure to a continuous 900 MHz electromagnetic field disrupts cerebellar morphology in young adult male rats

, , , , &
Pages 324-330 | Accepted 20 Mar 2017, Published online: 16 May 2017

References

  • Bancroft JD, Stevens A, Turner DR (1996) Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques. 4th ed., Churchill Livingstone, London. pp. 99–113.
  • Bas O, Odaci E, Mollaoglu H, Ucok K, Kaplan S (2009a) Chronic prenatal exposure to the 900 megahertz electromagnetic field induces pyramidal cell loss in the hippocampus of newborn rats. Toxicol. Ind. Health 25: 377–384.
  • Bas O, Odaci E, Kaplan S, Acer N, Ucok K, Colakoglu S (2009b) 900 MHz electromagnetic field exposure affects qualitative and quantitative features of hippocampal pyramidal cells in the adult female rat. Brain Res. 1265: 178–185.
  • Cardis E, Deltour I, Mann S, Moissonnier M, Taki M, Varsier N, Wake K, Wiart J (2008) Distribution of RF energy emitted by mobile phones in anatomical structures of the brain. Phys. Med. Biol. 53: 2771–2783.
  • Corle C, Makale M, Kesari S (2012) Cell phones and glioma risk: a review of the evidence. J. Neuro-Oncol. 106: 1–13.
  • Davis DL, Miller AB, Philips A (2012) Association of mobile phone use with adult brain cancer remains plausible. Br. Med. J. Int. Ed. 344: e3083.
  • Davis DL, Kesari S, Soskolne CL, Miller AB, Stein Y (2013) Swedish review strengthens grounds for concluding that radiation from cellular and cordless phones is a probable human carcinogen. Pathophysiology 20: 123–129.
  • Dubreuil D, Jay T, Edeline JM (2002) Does head-only exposure to GSM 900 MHz electromagnetic fields affect the performance of rats in spatial learning tasks? Behav. Brain Res. 129: 203–210.
  • Dubreuil D, Jay T, Edeline JM (2003) Head-only exposure to GSM 900 MHz electromagnetic fields does not alter rat’s memory in spatial and non-spatial tasks. Behav. Brain Res. 145: 51–61.
  • Gandhi OP, Lazzi G, Furse CM (1996) Electromagnetic absorption in the human head and neck for mobile telephones at 835 and 1900 MHz? Inst. Elect. Electron. Eng. Trans. Microw. Theor. Tech. 44: 1884–1897.
  • Gandhi OP, Morgan LL, de Salles AA, Han YY, Herberman RB, Davis DL (2012) Exposure limits: the underestimation of absorbed cell phone radiation, especially in children. Electromag. Biol. Med. 31: 34–51.
  • Geuna S (2005) The revolution of counting “tops”: two decades of the disector principle in morphological research. Microsc. Res. Tech. 66: 270–274.
  • Grafström G, Nittby H, Brun A, Malmgren L, Persson BR, Salford LG, Eberhardt J (2008) Histopathological examinations of rat brains after long-term exposure to GSM-900 mobile phone radiation. Brain Res. Bull. 77: 257–263.
  • Gundersen HJG, Jensen EB (1987) The efficacy of systematic sampling in stereology and its prediction. J. Microsc. 147: 229–263.
  • Hancı H, Odacı E, Kaya H, Aliyazıcıoğlu Y, Turan İ, Demir S, Çolakoğlu S (2013) The effect of prenatal exposure to 900 MHz electromagnetic field on the 21-old-day rat testicle. Reprod. Toxicol. 42: 203–209.
  • İkinci A, Odacı E, Yıldırım M, Kaya H, Akça M, Hancı H, Aslan A, Sönmez OF, Baş O (2013) The effects of prenatal exposure to a 900 megahertz electromagnetic field on hippocampus morphology and learning behavior in rat pups. Neuroquantology 11: 582–590.
  • Kerimoğlu G, Hancı H, Baş O, Aslan A, Erol HS, Turgut A, Kaya H, Çankaya S, Sönmez OF, Odacı E (2016) Pernicious effects of long-term, continuous 900 MHz electromagnetic field throughout adolescence on hippocampus morphology, biochemistry and pyramidal neuron numbers in 60-day-old Sprague-Dawley male rats. J. Chem. Neuroanat. 77: 169–175.
  • Morgan LL, Kesari S, Davis DL (2014) Why children absorb more microwave radiation than adults: the consequences. J. Microsc. Ultrastruct. 2: 197–204.
  • Morgan LL, Miller AB, Sasco A, Davis DL (2015) Mobile phone radiation causes brain tumors and should be classified as a probable human carcinogen (2A). Int. J. Oncol. 46: 1865–1867.
  • National Research Council (US) Committee for the Update of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (2011) Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. 8th ed. National Academies Press, Washington, DC.
  • Odaci E, Bas O, Kaplan S (2008) Effects of prenatal exposure to a 900 MHz electromagnetic field on the dentate gyrus of rats: a stereological and histopathological study. Brain Res. 1238: 224–229.
  • Odaci E, Cihan OF, Aslan H, Ragbetli MC, Kaplan S (2010) Prenatal diclofenac sodium administration increases the number of Purkinje cells in female rats: a stereological study. Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. 28: 145–151.
  • Odacı E, İkinci A, Yıldırım M, Kaya H, Akça M, Hancı H, Sönmez OF, Aslan RA, Okuyan M, Baş O (2013) The effects of 900 megahertz electromagnetic field applied in the prenatal period on spinal cord morphology and motor behavior in female rat pups. Neuroquantology 11: 573–581.
  • Odacı E, Hancı H, İkinci A, Sönmez OF, Aslan A, Şahin A, Kaya H, Çolakoğlu S, Baş O (2016) Maternal exposure to a continuous 900 MHz electromagnetic field provokes neuronal loss and pathological changes in cerebellum of 32-day-old female rat offspring. J. Chem. Neuroanat. 75: 105–110.
  • Pourlis AF (2009) Reproductive and developmental effects of EMF in vertebrate animal models. Pathophysiology 16: 179–189.
  • Rağbetli MC, Aydinlioğlu A, Koyun N, Rağbetli C, Bektas S, Ozdemir S (2010) The effect of mobile phone on the number of Purkinje cells: a stereological study. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 86: 548–554.
  • Salford LG, Brun AE, Eberhardt JL, Malmgren L, Persson BR (2003) Nerve cell damage in mammalian brain after exposure to microwaves from GSM mobile phones. Env. Health Perspec. 111: 881–883.
  • Sepehrimanesh M, Davis, DL (2016) Proteomic impacts of electromagnetic fields on the male reproductive system. Comp. Clin. Pathol. doi: 10.1007/s00580-016-2342-x.
  • Sonmez OF, Odaci E, Bas O, Kaplan S (2010) Purkinje cell number decreases in the adult female rat cerebellum following exposure to 900 MHz electromagnetic field. Brain Res. 1356: 95–101.
  • Sterio DC (1984) The unbiased estimation of number and size of arbitrary particles using the disector. J. Microsc. 134: 127–136.
  • Tirelli E, Laviola G, Adriani W (2003) Ontogenesis of behavioral sensitization and conditioned place preference induced by psychostimulants in laboratory rodents. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 27: 163–178.
  • Tunc AT, Aslan H, Turgut M, Ekici F, Odaci E, Kaplan S (2007) Inhibitory effect of pinealectomy on the development of cerebellar granule cells in the chick: a stereological study. Brain Res. 1138: 214–220.
  • West MJ, Slomianka L, Gundersen HJG (1991) Unbiased stereological estimation of the total number of neurons in the subdivisions of the rat hippocampus using the optical fractionator. Anat. Rec. 231: 482–497.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.