Differences in Peripheral Noradrenergic Function among Actively Drinking and Abstinent Alcohol-dependent Individuals

REFERENCES

• Engel CK, Rudberg U. Age-dependent effects of ethanol on central monoamine synthesis in the male rat. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol. 1985; 57: 336–339
   Google Scholar
• Rabin RA, Wolfe BB, Dibner MK, et al, Effects of ethanol administration and withdrawal on neurotransmitter receptor systems in C57 mice.. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1980; 213: 491–496. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thiele TE, Cubero I, van Dijk G, et al, Ethanol-induced c-fos expression in catecholamine- and neuropeptide Y-producing neurons in rat brainstem. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2000; 24: 802–809. [CROSSREF], [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   Google Scholar
• Hodge CW, Slawecki CJ, Aiken AS. Norepinephrine and serotonin receptors in the periventricular nucleus interactively modulate ethanol consumption. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1996; 20: 1669–1674. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   Google Scholar
• Le AD, Kiianmaa K, Cunningham CL, et al, Neurobiological processes in alcohol addiction. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2001; 25(5 Suppl ISBRA)144S–151S. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Freund RK, Palmer MR. Potentiation of ethanol effects in cerebellum by activation of endogenous noradrenergic inputs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999; 288: 211–220. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   Google Scholar
• Adell A. Myers RD. 5-HT, dopamine, norepinephrine, and related metabolites in brain of low alcohol drinking (LAD) rats shift after chronic intra-hippocampal infusion of Harman. Neurochem Res. 1995; 20: 209–215. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   Google Scholar
• Weinshenker D, Rust NC, Miller NS, et al, Ethanol-associated behaviors of mice lacking norepinephrine. J Neurosci. 2000; 20: 3157–3164
   Google Scholar
• Balldin J, Berggren U, Engel J, et al, Alpha-2-adrenoceptor sensitivity in early alcohol withdrawal. Biol Psychiatry. 1992, 31: 712–719. [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Linnoila M. Alcohol withdrawal and noradrenergic function. Ann Intern Med. 1987; 107: 875–889. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nutt D, Glue P, Molyneux S, et al, Alpha-2-adrenoceptor function in alcohol withdrawal: a pilot study of the effects of i.v. clonidine in alcoholics and normals. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1988; 12: 14–18. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith AJ, Brent PJ, Henry DA, et al, Plasma noradrenaline, platelet α2-adrenoceptors, and functional scores during ethanol withdrawal. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1990; 14: 497–502. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   Google Scholar
• Berggren U, Fahlke C, Norrby A, et al, Subsensitive alpha-2 adrenoceptor function in male alcohol-dependent individuals during 6 months of abstinence. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2000; 57: 255–260. [CROSSREF], [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   Google Scholar
• Muller N, Hoehe M, Klein HE, et al, Endocrinological studies in alcoholics during withdrawal and after abstinence. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1989; 14: 113–123. [CROSSREF], [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   Google Scholar
• Petrakis IL, Trevisan L, D'Souza C, et al, CSF monoamine metabolite and beta endorphin levels in recently detoxified alcoholics and healthy controls. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1999; 23: 1336–1341. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Krystal JH, Webb E, Cooney NL, et al, Serotonergic and noradrenergic dysregulation in alcoholism: m-chlorophenylpiperazine and yohimbene effects in recently detoxified alcoholics and healthy comparison subjects. Am J Psychiatry. 1996; 153: 83–92. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howes LG, Reid JL.. Changes in plasma free 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylene glycol and noradrenaline levels after acute alcohol administration. Clin Sci. 1985; 69: 423–428. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   Google Scholar
• Ireland M, Vandongen R, Davidson L, et al, Acute effects of moderate alcohol consumption on blood pressure and plasma catecholamines. Chin Sci. 1984; 66: 643–648
   Google Scholar
• McDougle CJ, Krystal JH, Price LH, et al, Noradrenergic response to acute ethanol administration in healthy subjects: comparison with intravenous yohimbene. Psychopharmacology. 1995; 118: 127–135. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Carpenter KM, Hasin DS. Reliability and discriminant validity of the Type I/II and Type A/B alcoholic subtype classifications in untreated problem drinkers: a test of the Apollonian-Dionysian hypothesis. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2001; 63: 51–67. [CROSSREF], [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cloninger CR. Neurogenetic adaptive mechanisms in alcoholism. Science. 1987; 236: 410–416. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babor TF, Dolinsky ZS, Meyer MH, et al, Types of alcoholics concurrent and predictive validity of some classification schemes. Br. J. Addic. 1992; 87(10)1415–1431
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• George DT, Benkelfat C, Rawlings RR, et al, Behavioral and neuroendocrine responses to m-chlorophenylpiperazine in subtypes of alcoholics and in healthy comparison subjects. Am J Psychiatry. 1997; 154: 81–87. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   Google Scholar
• Tupala E, Kuidda JT, Hall H, et al, Measurement of the striatal dopamine transporter density and heterogeneity in type 1 alcoholics using human whole hemisphere autoradiography. Neuroimage. 2001; 14: 87–94. [CROSSREF], [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   Google Scholar
• Von Knorring L, Oreland L, von Knorring AL. Personality traits and platelet MAO activity in alcohol and drug abusing teenage boys. Acta Psychiatry Scand. 1987; 75: 307–314
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patkar AA, Naik P, Al-Chalabi T, et al, Platelet (3)H Imipramine binding in type I and type II alcoholism. Human Psychopharmacology. 1995; 10: 1–6
   Google Scholar
• Hansen AM, Garde AH, Skovgaard LT, et al, Seasonal and biological variation of urinary epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol in healthy women. Clin Chim Acta. 2001; 309: 25–35. [CROSSREF], [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed., Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Press. 1994
   Google Scholar
• Stockwell T, Murphy D, Hodgson R. The severity of alcohol dependence questionnaire: its use, reliability and validity. British Journal of Addiction. 1983; 78: 145–156. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McCormack HM, Horne DJ, Sheather S. Clinical applications of visual analog scales: a critical review. Psychol Med. 1988; 18: 1007–1019. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilligan SB, Reich T, Cloninger RC. Alcohol related symptoms in heterogeneous families of hospitalized alcoholics. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1988; 12: 671–678. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   Google Scholar
• Sullivan JL, Baeziger JC, Wagner DL, et al, Platelet MAO in subtypes of alcoholism. Biol. Psychiatry. 1990; 27: 911–922. [CROSSREF], [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ewing JA. Detecting alcoholism the CAGE questionnaire, JAMA. 1984; 252: 1905–1907
   Google Scholar
• Soderstrom CA, Smith GS, Kufera JA, et al, The accuracy of the CAGE, the Brief Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test, and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test in screening trauma center patients for alcoholism. J Trauma. 1997; 43: 962–969. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Foster CD, Taylor JY, Macdonald IA. The assay of the catecholamine content of small volumes of human plasma. Rollema H, Westerink BHC, Drijfhout WJ. Monitoring Molecules in Neuroscience. Groningen, University Center for Pharmacy. 1991; 173–175
   Google Scholar
• Fulford AJ, Marsden CA. Effect of isolation-rearing on noradrenaline release in rat hypothalamus and hippocampus in vitro. Brain Res. 1997; 748: 93–99. [CROSSREF], [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lapiz MD, Mateo Y, Durkin S, et al, Effects of central noradrenaline depletion by the selective neurotoxin DSp-4 on the behavior of the isolated rat in the elevated maze plus maze and water maze. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2001; 155: 251–259. [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowry O, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, et al, Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 1951; 193: 265–275. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allemann PI. Markers for excessive alcohol use (screening). Ther Umsch. 2000; 57: 185–190. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   Google Scholar
• Maki T, Toivonen L, Koskinen P, et al, Effect of ethanol drinking, hangover, and exercise on adrenergic activity and heart rate variability in patients with a history of alcohol-induced atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol. 1998; 82: 317–322. [CROSSREF], [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fahlke C, Berggren U, Lundborg C, Balldin J. Psychopathology in alcohol withdrawal: relationship to alpha 2- adrenoceptor function. Alcohol Alcohol. 1999; 34: 750–759. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   Google Scholar
• Ibsen H, Christensen MJ, Rasmussen S, et al, The influence of chronic high alcohol intake on blood pressure, plasma noradrenaline concentration and plasma renin concentration. Clin Sci. 1981; 61: 377–379
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneider F, Habel U, Wagner M, et al, Subcortical correlates of craving in recently abstinent alcoholic patients. Am J Psychiatry. 2001; 158: 1075–1083. [CROSSREF], [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patkar AA, Naik P, Zaman K, et al, Plasma serotonin (5-HT) levels and craving in alcohol dependent subjects during withdrawal [abstract]. Journal of Psychopharmacology. 1994; A34: 133
   Google Scholar
• Roy A, Virkkunen M, Linnoila M. Reduced central turnover in a subgroup of alcoholics?. Progresses in Neuropharmacology and Biological Psychiatry. 1987; 11: 173–177. [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parsian A, Suarez BK, Tabakoff B, et al, Monoamine oxidases and alcoholism: I. Studies in unrelated alcoholics and normal controls. Am J Med Genet. 1995; 60: 409–416. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   Google Scholar
• Suarez BK, Hampe CL, Parsian A, et al, Monoamine oxidases and alcoholism: II. Studies in alcoholic families. Am J Med Genet. 1995; 60: 417–423. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   Google Scholar
• Finlay JM, Zigmond MJ, Abercombie ED. Increased dopamine and norpepinephrine release in medial prefrontal cortex induced by acute and chronic stress: effects of diazepam. Neuroscience. 1995; 64: 619–628. [CROSSREF], [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanford SC, Mikhail G, Salmon P, et al, Psychological stress does not affect plasma catecholamines in subjects with cardiovascular disorder. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1997; 58: 1167–1174. [CROSSREF], [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   Google Scholar
• Patel VA, Pohorecky LA. Interaction of stress and ethanol: effect on β-endorphin and catecholamines. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1988; 12: 785–788. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   Google Scholar
• Linnoila M, Guthrie S, Lane EA, et al, Clinical studies on norepinephrine metabolism: how to interpret the numbers. Psychiatry Res. 1986; 17: 229–239. [CROSSREF], [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   Google Scholar
• Kopin IJ, Gordon EK, Jimerson DC, et al, Relationship between plasma and cerebrospinal fluid levels of 3- methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenyl glycol. Science. 1983; 219: 73–75. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar