The effects of an early intervention on adults’ gaming-related problems – a pilot study

References

• American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.
   Google Scholar
• van Rooij AJ, Ferguson CJ, Colder Carras M, Kardefelt-Winther D, Shi J, Aarseth E, Bean AM, Bergmark KH, Brus A, Coulson M, et al. A weak scientific basis for gaming disorder: Let us err on the side of caution. J Behav Addict. 2018;7(1):1–9. doi:10.1556/2006.7.2018.19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arseth E, Bean AM, Boonen H, Carras MC, Coulson M, Das D, Van Rooij AJ. Scholars’ open debate paper on the world health organization ICD-11 gaming disorder proposal. Journal of Behavioral Addictions. 2017;6(3):267–270. doi:10.1556/2006.5.2016.088.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuss DJ, Griffiths MD, Pontes HM. Chaos and confusion in DSM-5 diagnosis of internet gaming disorder: Issues, concerns, and recommendations for clarity in the field. Journal of Behavioral Addictions. 2017;6(2):103–109. doi:10.1556/2006.5.2016.062.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization 2018; International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems (11th Revision). Retrieved from: https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson EL, Steen E, Stavropoulos V. Internet use and problematic Internet use: a systematic review of longitudinal research trends in adolescence and emergent adulthood. Int J Adolescence Youth. 2017;22(4):430–54. doi:10.1080/02673843.2016.1227716.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones CM, Scholes L, Johnson D, Katsikitis M, Carras MC. Gaming well: Links between videogames and flourishing mental health. Front Psychol. 2014;5:260 doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00260.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mihara S, Higuchi S. Cross-sectional and longitudinal epidemiological studies of Internet gaming disorder: a systematic review of the literature. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2017;71(7):425–44. doi:10.1111/pcn.12532.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grüsser SM, Thalemann R, Griffiths MD. Excessive computer game playing: Evidence for addiction and aggression? Cyberpsychol Behav. 2007;10(2):290–2. doi:10.1089/cpb.2006.9956.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kim HS, Son G, Roh E-B, Ahn W-Y, Kim J, Shin S-H, Chey J, Choi K-H. Prevalence of gaming disorder: a meta-analysis. Addict Behav. 2022;126:107183. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107183.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ko CH, Yen JY, Yen CF, Lin HC, Yang MJ. Factors predictive for incidence and remission of Internet addiction in young adolescents: a prospective study. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2007;10(4):545–51. doi:10.1089/cpb.2007.9992.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mentzoni RA, Brunborg GS, Molde H, Myrseth H, Skouverøe KJM, Hetland J, Pallesen S. Problematic video game use: estimated prevalence and associations with mental and physical health. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2011;14(10):591–6. doi:10.1089/cyber.2010.0260.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taechoyotin P, Tongrod P, Thaweerungruangkul T, Towattananon N, Teekapakvisit P, Aksornpusitpong C, Sathapornpunya W, Hempatawee N, Rangsin R, Mungthin M, et al. Prevalence and associated factors of Internet gaming disorder among secondary school students in rural community, Thailand: a cross-sectional study. BMC Res Notes. 2020;13(1):11. doi:10.1186/s13104-019-4862-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wartberg L, Kriston L, Thomasius R. Internet gaming disorder and problematic social media use in a representative sample of German adolescents: Prevalence estimates, comorbid depressive symptoms and related psychosocial aspects. Comput Hum Behav. 2020;103:31–6. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2019.09.014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang X, Jiang X, Mo PKH, Cai Y, Ma L, Lau JTF. Prevalence and interpersonal correlates of Internet gaming disorders among Chinese adolescents. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(2):579. doi:10.3390/ijerph17020579.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gentile D. Pathological Video-Game Use Among Youth Ages 8 to 18. Psychological Science. 2009;20(5):594–602. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02340.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bargeron AH, Hormes JM. Psychosocial correlates of Internet gaming disorder: psychopathology, life satisfaction, and impulsivity. Comput Hum Behav. 2017;68:388–94. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.11.029.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim NR, Hwang SSH, Choi JS, Kim DJ, Demetrovics Z, Király O, Nagygyörgy K, Griffiths MD, Hyun SY, Youn HC, et al. Characteristics and psychiatric symptoms of Internet gaming disorder among adults using self-reported DSM-5 criteria. Psychiatry Investig. 2016;13(1):58–66. doi:10.4306/pi.2016.13.1.58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krossbakken E, Pallesen S, Mentzoni RA, King DL, Molde H, Finserås TR, Torsheim T. A cross-lagged study of developmental trajectories of video game engagement, addiction, and mental health. Front Psychol. 2018;9:2239. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sampogna G, Del Vecchio V, Luciano M, Giallonardo V, Palummo C, Pocai B, Steardo L, Bhugra D, Fiorillo A. Is Internet gaming disorder really a new form of mental disorder? A critical overview. J Psychopathol Pacini Editore S.p.A. 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Beard CL, Haas AL, Wickham RE, Stavropoulos V. Age of initiation and Internet gaming disorder: the role of self-esteem. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2017;20(6):397–401. doi:10.1089/cyber.2017.0011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuss DJ, Griffiths MD. Internet gaming addiction: a systematic review of empirical research. Int J Ment Health Addiction. 2012;10(2):278–96. doi:10.1007/s11469-011-9318-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehenbauer-Baum M, Fohringer M. Towards classification criteria for Internet gaming disorder: debunking differences between addiction and high engagement in a German sample of World of Warcraft players. Comput Hum Behav. 2015;45:345–51. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.11.098.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim S, Noh D. The current status of psychological intervention research for Internet addiction and Internet gaming disorder. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2019;40(4):335–41. doi:10.1080/01612840.2018.1534910.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King DL, Delfabbro PH, Wu AMS, Doh YY, Kuss DJ, Pallesen S, Mentzoni R, Carragher N, Sakuma H. Treatment of Internet gaming disorder: an international systematic review and CONSORT evaluation. Clin Psychol Rev. 2017;54:123–33. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2017.04.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brand M, Young KS, Laier C, Wölfling K, Potenza MN. Integrating psychological and neurobiological considerations regarding the development and maintenance of specific Internet-use disorders: an Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2016;71:252–66. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.08.033.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young KS, Brand M. Merging theoretical models and therapy approaches in the context of Internet gaming disorder: a personal perspective. Front Psychol. 2017;8:1853. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01853.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turel O, Mouttapa M, Donato E. Preventing problematic Internet use through video-based interventions: a theoretical model and empirical test. Behav Inform Technol. 2015; doi:10.1080/0144929X.2014.936041.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Connell ME, Boat T, Warner KE. National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. 2009. Preventing Mental, Emotional, and Behavioral Disorders Among Young People: Progress and Possibilities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi:10.17226/12480.
   Google Scholar
• Kinnunen J, Taskinen K, Mäyrä FP. 2020. Pelaamista koronan aikaan. TRIM Research Reports 29, Tampere University Press. Retrieved from; https://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-03-1786-7.
   Google Scholar
• Griffiths M. Gambling technologies: prospects for problem gambling. J Gambl Stud. 1999;15(3):265–83. doi:10.1023/A:1023053630588.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Griffiths M. A “components” model of addiction within a biopsychosocial framework. J Substance Use. 2005;10(4):191–7. doi:10.1080/14659890500114359.
   Google Scholar
• Marlatt GA, Baer JS, Donovan DM, Kivlahan DR. Addictive behaviors: etiology and treatment. Annu Rev Psychol. 1988;39(1):223–52. doi:10.1146/annurev.ps.39.020188.001255.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prajapati B, Dunne M, Armstrong R. Sample size estimation and statistical power analyses. Optometry Today. 2010;16(07):10–8.
   Google Scholar
• Király O, Sleczka P, Pontes HM, Urbán R, Griffiths MD, Demetrovics Z. Validation of the Ten-Item Internet Gaming Disorder Test (IGDT-10) and evaluation of the nine DSM-5 Internet Gaming Disorder criteria. Addict Behav. 2017;64:253–60. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.11.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Király O, Bőthe B, Ramos-Diaz J, Rahimi-Movaghar A, Lukavska K, Hrabec O, Miovsky M, Billieux J, Deleuze J, Nuyens F, et al. Ten-item Internet gaming disorder test (IGDT-10): Measurement invariance and cross-cultural validation across seven language-based samples. Psychol Addict Behav. 2019;33(1):91–103. doi:10.1037/adb0000433.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Männikkö N, Ruotsalainen H, Tolvanen A, Kääriäinen M. Psychometric properties of the Internet Gaming Disorder Test (IGDT-10) and problematic gaming behavior among Finnish vocational school students. Scand J Psychol. 2019;60(3):252–60. doi:10.1111/sjop.12533.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harper A, Power M, Orley J, Herrman H, Schofield H, Murphy B, Metelko Z, Szabo S, Pibernik-Okanovic M, Quemada N, et al. Development of the World Health Organization WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment. Psychol Med. 1998;28(3):551–558. doi:10.1017/S0033291798006667.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siljander E, Luoma ML, Porras SM. Validity and reliability of Finnish version of WHOQOL-Bref on adult population in Finland. Int J Happiness Dev. 2015;2(1):52. doi:10.1504/IJHD.2015.067608.
   Google Scholar
• Stewart-Brown S, Tennant A, Tennant R, Platt S, Parkinson J, Weich S. Internal construct validity of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS): a rasch analysis using data from the Scottish Health Education Population Survey. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2009;7:15. doi:10.1186/1477-7525-7-15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tennant R, Hiller L, Fishwick R, Platt S, Joseph S, Weich S, Parkinson J, Secker J, Stewart-Brown S. The Warwick-Dinburgh mental well-being scale (WEMWBS): Development and UK validation. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2007;5:63. doi:10.1186/1477-7525-5-63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koushede V, Lasgaard M, Hinrichsen C, Meilstrup C, Nielsen L, Rayce SB, Torres-Sahli M, Gudmundsdottir DG, Stewart-Brown S, Santini ZI. Measuring mental well-being in Denmark: Validation of the original and short version of the Warwick-Edinburgh mental well-being scale (WEMWBS and SWEMWBS) and cross-cultural comparison across four European settings. Psychiatry Res. 2019;271:502–9. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart-Brown S, Platt S, Tennant A, Maheswaran H, Parkinson J, Weich S, Tennant R, Taggart F, Clarke A. The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS): a valid and reliable tool for measuring mental well-being in diverse populations and projects. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2011;65(Suppl 2):A38–A39. doi:10.1136/jech.2011.143586.86.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Appelqvist-Schmidlechner K, Tuisku K, Tamminen N, Nordling E, Solin P. Mitä on positiivinen mielenterveys ja kuinka sitä mitataan? Suomen Lääkärilehti. 2016;24:1759–64.
   Google Scholar
• Hair J, Black W, Babin B, Anderson R. Multivariate Data Analysis (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc. 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen J. 1998. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. 2nd ed. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. p. 57–62.
   Google Scholar
• Barlow W. Modeling of categorical agreement. The encyclopedia of biostatistics, P. Armitage, T. Colton, eds pp. 541–545. New York: Wiley, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Costa S, Kuss DJ. Current diagnostic procedures and interventions for gaming disorders: a systematic review. Front Psychol. 2019;10(MAR):578. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00578.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stevens MWR, Delfabbro PH, King DL. Prevention approaches to problem gaming: a large-scale qualitative investigation. Comput Hum Behav. 2021;115:106611. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2020.106611.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King DL, Delfabbro PH, Griffiths MD. Video game structural characteristics: A new psychological taxonomy. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. 2010;8(1):90–106.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Király O, Griffiths MD, Demetrovics Z. Internet Gaming Disorder and the DSM-5: Conceptualization, Debates, and Controversies. Curr Addict Rep. 2015;2:254–262. doi:10.1007/s40429-015-0066-7.
   Google Scholar
• West R, Swing EL, Anderson CA, Prot S. The contrasting effects of an action video game on visuo-spatial processing and proactive cognitive control. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(14):5160–12. doi:10.3390/ijerph17145160.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brand M, Rumpf HJ, King DL, Potenza MN, Wegmann E. Clarifying terminologies in research on gaming disorder and other addictive behaviors: distinctions between core symptoms and underlying psychological processes. Curr Opin Psychol. 2020;36:49–54. doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.04.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sofia V, Cecilia Å, Charlotta H, Kent WN. Associations between problematic gaming and psychiatric symptoms among adolescents in two samples. Addict Behav. 2016;61:8–15. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.05.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bavelier D, Green CS. Enhancing attentional control: lessons from action video games. Neuron. 2019;104(1):147–63. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2019.09.031.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bediou B, Adams DM, Mayer RE, Tipton E, Green CS, Bavelier D. Meta-analysis of action video game impact on perceptual, attentional, and cognitive skills. Psychol Bull. 2018;144(1):77–110. doi:10.1037/bul0000130.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kardefelt-Winther D, Heeren A, Schimmenti A, van Rooij A, Maurage P, Carras M, Edman J, Blaszczynski A, Khazaal Y, Billieux J. How can we conceptualize behavioural addiction without pathologizing common behaviours? Addiction. 2017;112(10):1709–15. doi:10.1111/add.13763.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reinecke L. Games and recovery: the use of video and computer games to recuperate from stress and strain. J Media Psychol. 2009;21(3):126–42. doi:10.1027/1864-1105.21.3.126.
   Google Scholar
• Roy A, Ferguson CJ. Competitively versus cooperatively? An analysis of the effect of game play on levels of stress. Comput Hum Behav. 2016;56:14–20. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.11.020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stavropoulos V, Motti-Stefanidi F, Griffiths MD. Risks and opportunities for youth in the digital era. Eur Psychol. 2021; doi:10.1027/1016-9040/a000451.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Golden SD, Earp JAL. (2012). Social Ecological Approaches to Individuals and Their Contexts: Twenty Years of Health Education & Behavior Health Promotion Interventions. Health Education and Behavior. 2012;39(3):364–372. doi:10.1177/1090198111418634.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar