References
- Adams, J. (2001). Ships and boats as archaeological source material. World Archaeology, 32(3), 292–310. https://doi.org/10.1080/00438240120048644
- Assis, J., Tyberghein, L., Bosch, S., Verbruggen, H., Serrão, E. A., & De Clerck, O. (2018). Bio-ORACLE v2.0: Extending marine data layers for bioclimatic modelling. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 27(3), 277–284. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12693
- Balazy, P., Copeland, U., & Sokołowski, A. (2019). Shipwrecks and underwater objects of the southern Baltic – Hard substrata islands in the brackish, soft bottom marine environment. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 225, 106240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2019.05.022
- Ballard, R., & Archbold, R. (1987). The Discovery of the Titanic. Hodder and Stoughton.
- Brennan, M. L., Davis, D., Ballard, R. D., Trembanis, A. C., Vaughn, J. I., Krumholz, J. S., Delgado, J. P., Roman, C. N., Smart, C., Bell, K. L. C., Duman, M., & DuVal, C. (2016). Quantification of bottom trawl fishing damage to ancient shipwreck sites. Marine Geology, 371, 82–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2015.11.001
- Cederlund, C.O. (1983). The old wrecks of the Baltic Sea: Archaeological recording of the wrecks of carvel-built ships. BAR Publishing.
- CETS-143. (1992). European Convention on the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage (Revised). Retrieved August 5, 2020, from https://rm.coe.int/168007bd25. Council of Europe
- Church, R. A. (2014). Deep-water shipwreck initial site formation: The equation of site distribution. Journal of Maritime Archaeology, 9(1), 27–40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11457-014-9128-6
- Conley, D. J., Björck, S., Bonsdorff, E., Carstensen, J., Destouni, G., Gustafsson, B. G., Hietanen, S., Kortekaas, M., Kuosa, H., & Markus Meier, H. (2009). Hypoxia-related processes in the Baltic Sea. Environmental Science & Technology, 43(10), 3412–3420.
- Copernicus Marine Service (2021a). Atlantic-European North West shelf-wave physics reanalysis. https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00060
- Copernicus Marine Service (2021b). Baltic Sea wave hindcast. https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00014
- Croome, A. (1999). Sinking fast. New Scientist. Retrieved February 14, 2024, from https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg16121696-000-sinking-fast/
- DeSilvey, C., Fredheim, H., Fluck, H., Hails, R., Harrison, R., Samuel, I., & Blundell, A. (2021). When loss is more: From managed decline to adaptive release. The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice, 12(3–4), 418–433. https://doi.org/10.1080/17567505.2021.1957263
- Dumas, F. (1962). Deepwater archaeology (H. Frost, Trans.). Routledge and Kegan Paul.
- Eigaard, O. R., Bastardie, F., Breen, M., Dinesen, G. E., Hintzen, N. T., Laffargue, P., Mortensen, L. O., Nielsen, J. R., Nilsson, H. C., & O’Neill, F. G. (2016). Estimating seabed pressure from demersal trawls, seines, and dredges based on gear design and dimensions. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 73(suppl_1), i27–i43.
- EMODnet (2023). Seabed substrates. Retrieved February 25, 2023, from https://emodnet.ec.europa.eu/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/6eaf4c6bf28815e973b9c60aab5734e3ef9cd9c4
- EMODnet (2023a). Seabed substrates. Retrieved December 14, 2023, from https://emodnet.ec.europa.eu/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/6eaf4c6bf28815e973b9c60aab5734e3ef9cd9c4
- EMODnet (2023b). Baltic Sea – DIVAnd 6-year seasonal analysis of water body dissolved oxygen concentration 1980/2018 v2021. Retrieved December 14, 2023, from https://emodnet.ec.europa.eu/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/087a72c0-c243-11e8-bac2-5ce0c5469bc7
- EMODnet (2023c). North Sea – DIVAnd 4D 6-year seasonal analysis of Water body dissolved oxygen concentration 1980/2020 v2021. Retrieved December 14, 2023, from https://emodnet.ec.europa.eu/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/53ff3c72-b671-11e8-a971-080027b41aee
- EMODnet (2023d). Kinetic energy at the seabed due to currents in the Atlantic. Retrieved December 14, 2023, from https://emodnet.ec.europa.eu/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/d72bfeca-ceb5-4faa-b7b0-e95db8c6310b
- EMODnet (2023e). Kinetic energy at the seabed due to waves – Celtic, North Sea (mean of annual 90th percentile). Retrieved December 14, 2023, from https://emodnet.ec.europa.eu/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/2a2659c4-ce1b-4feb-81cf-a2bcbc362a3f
- EMODnet (2023f). Human activities, fisheries, fishing intensity. Retrieved December 14, 2023, from: https://emodnet.ec.europa.eu/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/d57fbdea-489e-4e11-9ff1-f0f706cfe783
- Fernández-Montblanc, T., Quinn, R., Izquierdo, A., & Bethencourt, M. (2016). Evolution of a shallow water wave-dominated shipwreck site: Fougueux (1805), Gulf of Cadiz. Geoarchaeology, 31(6), 487–505.
- Firth, A. (2018). Managing shipwrecks. Honor Frost Trust, London.
- Foley, B. P., Hansson, M. C., Kourkoumelis, D. P., & Theodoulou, T. A. (2012). Aspects of ancient Greek trade re-evaluated with amphora DNA evidence. Journal of Archaeological Science, 39(2), 389–398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2011.09.025
- Folk, R. L. (1954). The distinction between grain size and mineral composition in sedimentary-rock nomenclature. The Journal of Geology, 62(4), 344–359.
- Frost, H. (1972). The discovery of a Punic ship. International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, 1(1), 113–117. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-9270.1972.tb00679.x
- Garcia, H. E., & Gordon, L. I. (1992). Oxygen solubility in seawater: Better fitting equations. Limnology and Oceanography, 37(6), 1307–1312.
- Geraga, M., Christodoulou, D., Eleftherakis, D., Papatheodorou, G., Fakiris, E., Dimas, X., Georgiou, N., Kordella, S., Prevenios, M., & Iatrou, M. (2020). Atlas of shipwrecks in Inner Ionian Sea (Greece): A remote sensing approach. Heritage, 3(4), 1210–1236.
- Gibbins, D. (1990). Analytical approaches in maritime archaeology: A Mediterranean perspective. Antiquity, 64(243), 376–389.
- Gibbins, D., & Adams, J. (2001). Shipwrecks and maritime archaeology. World Archaeology, 32(3), 279–291. https://doi.org/10.1080/00438240120048635
- Gibbs, M. (2006). Cultural site formation processes in maritime archaeology: Disaster response, salvage and muckelroy 30 Years on. International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, 35(1), 4–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-9270.2006.00088.x
- Gregory, D. (1992). Taphonomic processes in the marine environment [Unpublished Masters Thesis]. St. Andrews University, Scotland.
- Gregory, D., Jensen, P., & Strætkvern, K. (2012). Conservation and in situ preservation of wooden shipwrecks from marine environments. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 13(3), S139–S148.
- Grenier, R., Bernier, M. A., & Stevens, W. (2007). The underwater archaeology of Red Bay: Basque shipbuilding and whaling in the 16th century. Parks Canada.
- Halpern, B. S., McLeod, K. L., Rosenberg, A. A., & Crowder, L. B. (2008). Managing for cumulative impacts in ecosystem-based management through ocean zoning. Ocean & Coastal Management, 51(3), 203–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2007.08.002
- Hardy, D. (1990). A century on the sea-bed: The Centurion. The Bulletin of the Australian Institute for Maritime Archaeology, 14(2), 23–34. https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316informit.857218084472840
- Hunter, J. R. (1994). ‘Maritime culture’: Notes from the land. International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, 23(4), 261–264. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-9270.1994.tb00470.x
- ICOMOS. (1996). Charter on the protection and management of underwater cultural hertiage. Sofia, Bulgaria. Retrieved from https://www.icomos.org/en/faq-doccen/179-articles-en-francais/ressources/charters-and-standards/161-charter-on-the-protection-and-management-of-underwater-cultural-heritage
- Keith, M. E. (2016). Site formation processes of submerged shipwrecks. University Press of Florida.
- Krumholz, J. S., & Brennan, M. L. (2015). Fishing for common ground: Investigations of the impact of trawling on ancient shipwreck sites uncovers a potential for management synergy. Marine Policy, 61, 127–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2015.07.009
- Lenihan, D. J., Carrell, T. L., & Murphy, L. E. (1981). The Utwa Harbor wreck site: A shipwreck evaluation and management report. United States Department of Interior. https://doi.org/10.6067/XCV84X5BKD
- Macleod, I. D. (2006). Corrosion and conservation management of iron shipwrecks in Chuuk Lagoon, Federated States of Micronesia. Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites, 7(4), 203–223. https://doi.org/10.1179/135050306793137359
- Majcher, J., Quinn, R., Plets, R., Coughlan, M., McGonigle, C., Sacchetti, F., & Westley, K. (2021). Spatial and temporal variability in geomorphic change at tidally influenced shipwreck sites: The use of time-lapse multibeam data for the assessment of site formation processes. Geoarchaeology, 36(3), 429–454. https://doi.org/10.1002/gea.21840
- Manders, M., Oosting, R. and Brouwers, W., 2009. MACHU final report. Amersfoort.
- McCartney, I. (2016). Jutland 1916: The archaeology of a naval battlefield. Bloomsbury.
- Mentz. (2015). Shipwreck modernity: Ecologies of globalization, 1550–1719. University of Minnesota Press.
- Muckelroy, K. (1976). The integration of historical and archaeological data concerning an historic wreck site: The ‘Kennemerland’. World Archaeology, 7(3), 280–290.
- Muckelroy, K. (1977). Historic wreck sites in Britain and their environments. International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, 6(1), 47–57. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-9270.1977.tb00987.x
- Maarleveld, T. J. (1995). Type or technique. Some thoughts on boat and ship finds as indicative of cultural traditions. International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, 24(1), 3–7.
- Mayer, L., Jakobsson, M., Allen, G., Dorschel, B., Falconer, R., Ferrini, V., Lamarche, G., Snaith, H., & Weatherall, P. (2018). The Nippon Foundation – GEBCO Seabed 2030 Project: The quest to see the world’s oceans completely mapped by 2030. Geosciences, 8(2), 63. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8020063
- Nash, M. (1990). Survey of the historic ship Litherland (1834–1853). The Bulletin of the Australian Institute for Maritime Archaeology, 14(1), 13–20. https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316informit.856994488817741
- Ndungu, K., Beylich, B. A., Staalstrøm, A., Øxnevad, S., Berge, J. A., Braaten, H. F. V., Schaanning, M., & Bergstrøm, R. (2017). Petroleum oil and mercury pollution from shipwrecks in Norwegian coastal waters. Science of The Total Environment, 593-594, 624-633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.213
- Nutley, D. (2009). Submerged cultural sites: Opening a time capsule. Museum International, 60(240), 7–17.
- Owen, N. C. (1991). Hazardous 1990–1991 interim report. International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, 20(4), 325–334. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-9270.1991.tb00328.x
- Oxley, I. (1998). The investigation of the factors that affect the preservation of underwater archaeological sites. In L. Babits & H. van Tilburg (Eds), Maritime archaeology: A reader of substantive and theoretical contributions (pp. 523–529). Springer.
- Oxley, I., & Gregory, D. (2002). Site management. In C.V. Ruppé & J. F. Barstad (Eds.), International handbook of underwater archaeology (pp. 715–725). Springer.
- Oxley, I. A. N., & Keith, M. E. (2016). Introduction. Site formation processes of submerged shipwrecks. In M. E. Keith (Ed.), Site formation processes of submerged sShipwrecks (pp. 1–14). University Press of Florida. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvx070j5.5
- Papageorgiou, M. (2018). Underwater cultural heritage facing maritime spatial planning: Legislative and technical issues. Ocean & Coastal Management, 165, 195–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2018.08.032
- Parker, A. J. (1992). Ancient shipwrecks of the Mediterranean & the Roman provinces. British Archaeological Reports. https://books.google.dk/books?id=jYK5MQEACAAJ
- Parker, A. J. (1995). Maritime cultures and wreck assemblages in the Graeco-Roman world. International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, 24(2), 87–95. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-9270.1995.tb00718.x
- Plets, R., Quinn, R., Forsythe, W., Westley, K., Bell, T., Benetti, S., McGrath, F., & Robinson, R. (2011). Using multibeam echo-sounder data to identify shipwreck sites: Archaeological assessment of the Joint Irish Bathymetric Survey data. International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, 40(1), 87–98.
- Quinn, R. (2006). The role of scour in shipwreck site formation processes and the preservation of wreck-associated scour signatures in the sedimentary record – Evidence from seabed and sub-surface data. Journal of Archaeological Science, 33(10), 1419–1432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2006.01.011
- Quinn, R., & Boland, D. (2010). The role of time-lapse bathymetric surveys in assessing morphological change at shipwreck sites. Journal of Archaeological Science, 37(11), 2938–2946. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2010.07.005
- Quinn, R., & Smyth, T. A. G. (2018). Processes and patterns of flow, erosion, and deposition at shipwreck sites: a computational fluid dynamic simulation. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 10(6), 1429–1442. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-017-0468-7
- Schiffer, M. B. (1987). Formation processes of the archaeological record. University of Utah Press.
- Secci, M., Demesticha, S., Jimenez, C., Papadopoulou, C., & Katsouri, I. (2021). A LIVING SHIPWRECK: An integrated three-dimensional analysis for the understanding of site formation processes in archaeological shipwreck sites. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 35, 102731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2020.102731
- Smyth, T., & Quinn, R. (2014). The role of computational fluid dynamics in understanding shipwreck site formation processes. Journal of Archaeological Science, 45, 220–225.
- Szafranska, M., Gil, M., & Nowak, J. (2021). Toward monitoring and estimating the size of the HFO-contaminated seabed around a shipwreck using MBES backscatter data. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 171, 112747. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112747
- Tyberghein, L., Verbruggen, H., Pauly, K., Troupin, C., Mineur, F. and De Clerck, O. (2012). Bio-ORACLE: a global environmental dataset for marine species distribution modelling. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 21, 272–281. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2011.00656.x
- UNESCO. (2001). Convention and Annex for the Protection of Underwater Cutlural Heritage. Retrieved February 2024 from http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/underwater-cultural-heritage/2001-convention/official-text/
- Vega-Sánchez, R., & Herrera, J. M. (2022). Agent-based modelling for the study of shipwreck site formation processes: A theoretical framework and conceptual model. F1000Research, 11(1525), 1525.
- Ward, I. A. K., Larcombe, P., & Veth, P. (1999). A new process-based model for wreck site formation. Journal of Archaeological Science, 26(5), 561–570. https://doi.org/10.1006/jasc.1998.0331
- Westley, K., Plets, R., Quinn, R., McGonigle, C., Sacchetti, F., Dale, M., McNeary, R., & Clements, A. (2019). Optimising protocols for high-definition imaging of historic shipwrecks using multibeam echosounder. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 11(7), 3629–3645. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-019-00831-6