304
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Gender Differences in the Relationships among Young Adults' Religiosity, Risk Perception, and Marijuana Use: A Moderated Mediation Model

ORCID Icon

References

  • Aquilino, W., Wright, D., & Supple, A. (2000). Response effects due to bystander presence in CASI and paper-and-pencil surveys of drug use and alcohol use. Substance Use & Misuse, 35, 845–867. doi:10.3109/10826080009148424.
  • Ajzen, I. (2007). Theory of planned behavior. In R. F. Baumeister & K. D. Vohs ( Eds.), Encyclopedia of social psychology (pp. 988–989). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications Ltd. doi:10.4135/9781412956253.n584
  • Arnett, J. J., & Jensen, L. A. (2002). A congregation of one: Individualized religious beliefs among emerging adults. Journal of Adolescent Research, 17(5), 451–467. doi:10.1177/0743558402175002.
  • Bachman, J. G., Johnston, L. D., & O'Malley, P. M. (1991). How changes in drug use are linked to perceived risks and disapproval: Evidence from national studies that youth and young adults respond to information about the consequences of drug use. In L. Donohew, H. E. Sypher, & W. J. Bukoski ( Eds.), Persuasive communication and drug abuse prevention (pp. 133–155). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
  • Bahr, S. J., & Hoffmann, J. P. (2008). Religiosity, peers, and adolescent drug use. Journal of Drug Issues, 38, 743–769. doi:10.1177/002204260803800305.
  • Barry, C. M., & Nelson, L. J. (2005). The role of religion in the transition to adulthood for young emerging adults. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 34(3), 245–255. doi:10.1007/s10964-005-4308-1.
  • Beaudoin, T. M. (1998). Virtual faith: The irreverent spiritual quest of generation X. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
  • Bromiley, P., & Curley, S. P. (1992). Individual differences in risk taking. In J. F. Yates ( Ed.), Risk-taking behavior (pp. 87–131). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Brown, T. L., Parks, G. S., Zimmerman, R. S., & Phillips, C. M. (2001). The role of religion in predicting adolescent alcohol use and problem drinking. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 62(5), 696–705. doi:10.15288/jsa.2001.62.696.
  • Burkett, S. R., & White, M. (1974). Hellfire and delinquency: Another look. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 13(4), 455–462. doi:10.2307/1384608.
  • Caldeira, K. M., Arria, A. M., O'Grady, K. E., Vincent, K. B., & Wish, E. D. (2008). The occurrence of cannabis use disorders and other cannabis-related problems among first-source college students. Addictive Behaviors, 33(3), 397–411. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2007.10.001.
  • Carliner, H., Mauro, P. M., Brown, Q. L., Shmulewitz, D., Rahim-Juwel, R., Sarvet, A. L., … Hasin, D. S. (2017). The widening gender gap in marijuana use prevalence in the U.S. during a period of economic change, 2002–2014. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 170, 51–58. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.10.042.
  • Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. (2015). Behavioral health trends in the United States: Results from the 2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (HHS Publication No. SMA 15–4927, NSDUH Series H-50). Retrieved from http://www.samhsa.gov/data/
  • Collett, J. L., & Lizardo, O. (2009). A power-control theory of gender and religiosity. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 48(2), 213–231. doi:10.1111/j.1468-5906.2009.01441.x.
  • DeBono, K. G., & Kuschpel, A. (2014). Gender differences in religiosity: The role of self-monitoring. North American Journal of Psychology, 16(2), 415.
  • Degenhardt, L., Coffey, C., Romaniuk, H., Swift, W., Carlin, J. B., Hall, W. D., & … Patton, G. C. (2013). The persistence of the association between adolescent cannabis use and common mental disorders into young adulthood. Addiction, 108(1), 124–133 doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.04015.x.
  • Emilio, F. D. (2008). Religion: Vatican puts new spin on the definition of sin. The Globe and Mai , 2008, A2.
  • Escobar, O. S., & Vaughan, E. L. (2014). Public religiosity, religious importance, and substance use among Latino emerging adults. Substance Use & Misuse, 49(10), 1317–1325. doi:10.3109/10826084.2014.901384.
  • Fowler, J. (1997). Moral stages and the development of faith. In K. Arnold & I. Carreiro-King ( Eds.), College student development and academic life: Psychological, intellectual, social, and moral issues (pp. 160–190). New York, NY: Garland.
  • Ford, J. A., & Hill, T. D. (2012). Religiosity and adolescent substance use: Evidence From the national survey on drug use and health. Substance Use & Misuse, 47(7), 787–798. doi:10.3109/10826084.2012.667489.
  • Forthun, L. F., Bell, N. J., Peek, C. W., & Sun, S. (1999). Religiosity, sensation seeking, and Alcohol/Drug use in denominational and gender contexts. Journal of Drug Issues, 29(1), 75–90. doi:10.1177/002204269902900105.
  • Greening, L., Stoppelbein, L., Chandler, C. C., & Elkin, T. D. (2005). Predictors of children's and adolescents' risk perception. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 30(5), 425–435. doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsi066.
  • Grevenstein, D., Nagy, E., & Kroeninger-Jungaberle, H. (2015). Development of risk perception and substance use of tobacco, alcohol and cannabis among adolescents and emerging adults: Evidence of directional influences. Substance use & Misuse, 50(3), 376–386. doi:10.3109/10826084.2014.984847.
  • Hagan, J., Simpson, J., & Gillis, A.R. (1988). Feminist scholarship, relational and instrumental control, and a power-control theory of gender and delinquency. British Journal of Sociology, 39, 301–336. doi:10.2307/590481.
  • Harris, M. B., & Miller, K. C. (2000). Gender and perceptions of danger. Sex Roles, 43(11), 843–863. doi:10.1023/A:1011036905770.
  • Harper, S., Strumpf, E. C., & Kaufman, J. S. (2012). Do medical marijuana laws increase marijuana use? replication study and extension. Annals of Epidemiology, 22(3), 207–212. doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2011.12.002.
  • Harris Abadi, M., Shamblen, S. R., Thompson, K., Collins, D. A., & Johnson, K. (2011). Influence of risk and protective factors on substance use outcomes across developmental periods: A comparison of youth and young adults. Substance use & Misuse, 46(13), 1604–1612. doi:10.3109/10826084.2011.598598.
  • Hayatbakhsh, M. R., Najman, J. M., Jamrozik, K., Mamun, A. A., Alati, R., & Bor, W. (2007). Cannabis and anxiety and depression in young adults: A large prospective study. Journal American Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 46(3), 408–417. doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e31802dc54d.
  • Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Hayes, A. F. (2015). An index and test of linear moderated mediation. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 50(1), 1–22. doi:10.1080/00273171.2014.962683.
  • Hayes, A. F., Montoya, A. K., & Rockwood, N. J. (2017). The analysis of mechanisms and their contingencies: PROCESS versus structural equation modeling. Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ), 25(1), 76–81. doi:10.1016/j.ausmj.2017.02.001.
  • Hervieu-Leger, D. (1993). Present-day emotional renewals: The end of secularization or the end of religion? In W. H. Swatos ( ed.), A future for religion? New paradigms for social analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Hirschi, T. (1969). Causes of delinquency. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
  • Hoffmann, J. P. (2014). Religiousness, social networks, moral schemas, and marijuana use: A dynamic dual-process model of culture and behavior. Social Forces, 93(1), 181–208. doi:10.1093/sf/sou053.
  • Kouri, E., Pope, H. G., Yurgelun-Todd, D., & Gruber, S. (1995). Attributes of heavy vs. occasional marijuana smokers in a college population. Biological Psychiatry, 38, 475–481. doi:10.1016/0006-3223(94)00325-W.
  • Kovacs, E., Piko, B. F., & Fitzpatrick, K. M. (2011). Religiosity as a protective factor against substance use among Hungarian high school students. Substance use & Misuse, 46(10), 1346–1357. doi:10.3109/10826084.2011.581322.
  • Longest, K. C., & Vaisey, S. (2008). Control or conviction: Religion and adolescent initiation of marijuana use. Journal of Drug Issues, 38(3), 689–715. doi:10.1177/002204260803800303.
  • Lopez-Quintero, C., & Neumark, Y. (2010). Effects of risk perception of marijuana use on marijuana use and intentions to use among adolescents in bogotá, colombia. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 109(1), 65–72. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.12.011.
  • Luk, J. W., Emery, R. L., Karyadi, K. A., Patock-Peckham, J. A., & King, K. M. (2013). Religiosity and substance use among Asian American college students: Moderated effects of race and acculturation. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 130(1–3), 142–149. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.10.023.
  • Lynne-Landsman, S. D., Livingston, M. D., & Wagenaar, A. C. (2013). Effects of state medical marijuana laws on adolescent marijuana use. American Journal of Public Health, 103(8), 1500–1506. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.301117.
  • Martinez, M. J., Marsiglia, F. F., Ayers, S. L., & Nuno-Gutierrez, B. L. (2016). Mexican adolescents' intentions to use drugs: Gender differences in the protective effects of religiosity. International Public Health Journal, 8(2), 200.
  • McNamara Barry, C., Nelson, L., Davarya, S., & Urry, S. (2010). Religiosity and spirituality during the transition to adulthood. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 34(4), 311–324. doi:10.1177/0165025409350964.
  • Musher-Eizenman, D. R., Holub, S. C., & Arnett, M. (2003). Attitude and peer influences on adolescent substance use: The moderating effect of age, sex, and substance. Journal of Drug Education, 33(1), 1–23. doi:10.2190/YED0-BQA8-5RVX-95JB.
  • National Institute on Drug Abuse. (n.d.). Marijuana. Retrieved from https://www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/marijuana
  • Nguyen, N. N., & Newhill, C. E. (2016). The role of religiosity as a protective factor against marijuana use among African American, White, Asian, and Hispanic adolescents. Journal of Substance Use, 21(5), 547–552. doi:10.3109/14659891.2015.1093558.
  • Pacek, L. R., Mauro, P. M., & Martins, S. S. (2015). Perceived risk of regular cannabis use in the United States from 2002 to 2012: Differences by sex, age, and race/ethnicity. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 149, 232–244. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.02.009.
  • Perlis, T. E., Des Jarlais, D. C., Friedman, S. R., Arasteh, K., & Turner, C. F. (2004). Audio-computerized self-interviewing versus face-to-face interviewing for research data collection at drug abuse treatment programs. Addiction, 99, 885–896. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2004.00740.x.
  • Pitel, L., Geckova, A. M., Kolarcik, P., Halama, P., Reijneveld, S. A., & Jitse P van Dijk (2012). Gender differences in the relationship between religiosity and health-related behaviour among adolescents. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 66(12), 1122–1128. doi:10.1136/jech-2011-200914.
  • Pope, H. G., & Yurgelun-Todd, D. (1996). The residual cognitive effects of heavy marijuana use in college students. Journal of the American Medical Association, 275, 521–527. doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03530310027028.
  • Powers, D. V., Cramer, R. J., & Grubka, J. M. (2007). Spirituality, life stress, and affective well-being. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 35, 235–243.
  • Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879–891. doi:10.3758/BRM.40.3.879.
  • Preacher, K. J., Rucker, D. D., & Hayes, A. F. (2007). Assessing moderated mediation hypotheses: Theory, methods, and prescriptions. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 42, 185–227. doi:10.1080/00273170701341316.
  • Smith, C. (2003). Theorizing religious effects among American adolescents. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 42(1), 17–30. doi:10.1111/1468-5906.t01-1-00158.
  • Smith, C., & Denton, M. L. (2005). Soul searching: The religious and spiritual lives of American teenagers. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Stark, R. (2002). Physiology and faith: Addressing the “universal” gender difference in religious commitment. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 41(3), 495–507. doi:10.1111/1468-5906.00133.
  • Stewart, C. (2001). The influence of spirituality on substance use of college students. Journal of Drug Education, 31(4), 343–351. doi:10.2190/HEPQ-CR08-MGYF-YYLW.
  • Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration SAMHSA. (2014). Results from the 2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Summary of National Findings (NSDUH Series H-48, HHS Publication No. [SMA] 14–4863). Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Retrieved from https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/NSDUHreSultspdfwhtml2013/Web/NSDUHresults2013.pdf
  • Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2014). The National survey on drug use and health, 2014 codebook [ICPSR 36361]. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research.
  • Sullins, D. P. (2006). Gender and religion: Deconstructing universality, constructing complexity. American Journal of Sociology, 112(3), 838–880. doi:10.1086/507852.
  • Thomson, R. A. (2016). More than friends and family? Estimating the direct and indirect effects of religiosity on substance use in emerging adulthood. Journal of Drug Issues, 46(4), 326–346. doi:10.1177/0022042616659760.
  • Ulmer, J. T., Desmond, S. A., Jang, S. J., & Johnson, B. R. (2012). Religious involvement and dynamics of marijuana use: Initiation, persistence, and desistence. Deviant Behavior, 33(6), 448. doi:10.1080/01639625.2011.636653.
  • Varnum, M., & Bushman, B. (2007). Reference group. In R. F. Baumeister & K. D. Vohs ( Eds.), Encyclopedia of social psychology (pp. 733–733). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications Ltd. doi:10.4135/9781412956253.n440
  • Zenic, N., Stipic, M., & Sekulic, D. (2013). Religiousness as a factor of hesitation against doping behavior in college-age athletes. Journal of Religion and Health, 52(2), 386–396. doi:10.1007/s10943-011-9480-x.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.