309
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

The Involvement in Alcoholics Anonymous Scale - Short Form: Factor Structure & Validation

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, , & ORCID Icon show all

References

  • Alcoholics Anonymous. (1952). Frequently asked questions about A.A. Alcoholics Anonymous World Services Inc.
  • Alcoholics Anonymous. (1972). A brief guide to Alcoholics Anonymous. Alcoholics Anonymous World Services Inc.
  • Alcoholics Anonymous. (2002a). Big book (4th ed.). Alcoholics Anonymous World Services Inc.
  • Alcoholics Anonymous. (2002b). Living Sober (1st ed.). Alcoholics Anonymous World Services Inc.
  • Alcoholics Anonymous. (2014). AA membership survey. [Pamphlet P-48]. Alcoholics Anonymous World Services Inc.
  • American Psychological Association (2017). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. American Psychological Association. https://www.apa.org/ethics/code/ethics-code-2017.pdf.
  • Bassuk, E. L., Hanson, J., Greene, R. N., Richard, M., & Laudet, A. (2016). Peer-delivered recovery support services for addictions in the United States: A systematic review. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 63, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2016.01.003
  • Best, D., Higham, D., Pickersgill, G., Higham, K., Hancock, R., & Critchlow, T. (2021). Building recovery capital through community engagement: A hub and spoke model for peer-based recovery support services in England. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 39(1), 3–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/07347324.2020.1787119
  • Bond, J., Kaskutas, L. A., & Weisner, C. (2003). The persistent influence of social networks and Alcoholics Anonymous on abstinence. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 64(4), 579–588. https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.2003.64.579
  • Brown, R. A., Burgess, E. S., Sales, S. D., Whiteley, J. A., Evans, D. M., & Miller, I. W. (1998). Reliability and validity of a smoking timeline follow-back interview. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 12(2), 101–112. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-164X.12.2.101
  • Carey, K. B. (1997). Reliability and validity of the time-line follow-back interview among psychiatric outpatients: A preliminary report. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 11(1), 26–33. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-164X.11.1.26
  • Carroll, S. (1993). Spirituality and purpose in life in alcoholism recovery. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 54(3), 297–301. https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.1993.54.297
  • Cloud, R. N., Ziegler, C. H., & Blondell, R. D. (2004). What is Alcoholics Anonymous affiliation? Substance Use & Misuse, 39(7), 1117–1136. https://doi.org/10.1081/ja-120038032
  • Costello, M. J., Li, Y., Remers, S., MacKillop, J., Sousa, S., Ropp, C., Roth, D., Weiss, M., & Rush, B. (2019). Effects of 12-step mutual support and professional outpatient services on short-term substance use outcomes among adults who received inpatient treatment. Addictive Behaviors, 98, 106055.
  • Crape, B. L., Latkin, C. A., Laris, A. S., & Knowlton, A. R. (2002). The effects of sponsorship in 12-step treatment of injection drug users. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 65(3), 291–301. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0376-8716(01)00175-2
  • DeLucia, C., Bergman, B. G., Beitra, D., Howrey, H. L., Seibert, S., Ellis, A. E., & Mizrachi, J. (2016). Beyond abstinence: An examination of psychological well-being in members of Narcotics Anonymous. Journal of Happiness Studies, 17(2), 817–832. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-014-9609-1
  • Gilbert, F. S. (1991). Development of a “steps questionnaire”. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 52(4), 353–360. https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.1991.52.353
  • Greenfield, B. L., & Tonigan, J. S. (2013). The general Alcoholics Anonymous tools of recovery: The adoption of 12-step practices and beliefs. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors : Journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors, 27(3), 553–561. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029268
  • Groh, D. R., Jason, L. A., Davis, M. I., Olson, B. D., & Ferrari, J. R. (2007). Friends, family, and alcohol abuse: An examination of general and alcohol-specific social support. The American Journal on Addictions, 16(1), 49–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10550490601080084
  • Hjorthøj, C. R., Hjorthøj, A. R., & Nordentoft, M. (2012). Validity of timeline follow-back for self-reported use of cannabis and other illicit substances–systematic review and meta-analysis. Addictive Behaviors, 37(3), 225–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.11.025
  • Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
  • Humphreys, K. (2003). Circles of recovery: Self-help organizations for addictions. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511543883
  • Humphreys, K., Kaskutas, L. A., & Weisner, C. (1998). The Alcoholics Anonymous Affiliation Scale: Development, reliability, and norms for diverse treated and untreated populations. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 22(5), 974–978. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.1998.tb03691.x
  • Jason, L. A., Olson, B. D., Ferrari, J. R., & Lo Sasso, A. T. (2006). Communal housing settings enhance substance abuse recovery. American Journal of Public Health, 96(10), 1727–1729. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2005.070839
  • Kahler, C. W., Kelly, J. F., Strong, D. R., Stuart, G. L., & Brown, R. A. (2006). Development and initial validation of a 12-step participation expectancies questionnaire. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 67(4), 538–542. https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.538
  • Kairouz, S. (1998). The involvement experience in the Alcoholics Anonymous movement: Cognitive and behavioral predictors of well-being. (Publication No. 0612476200) [Doctoral dissertation, University of Montreal]. National Library of Canada.
  • Kairouz, S. (2000, August 5). Involvement in alcoholic anonymous and wellbeing among old timers. American Psychological Association Conference.
  • Kairouz, S., & Fortin, M. (2013). Commitment in AA movement: A guarantee of happiness. Drugs, Health, and Society, 12(1), 19–40. https://doi.org/10.7202/1021537ar
  • Kaiser, H. F. (1974). An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrika, 39, 31–36.
  • Kaskutas, L. A., Ye, Y., Greenfield, T. K., Witbrodt, J., & Bond, J. (2008). Epidemiology of Alcoholics Anonymous participation. In M. Galanter & L. A. Kaskutas (Eds.), Recent developments in alcoholism: Volume 18 (pp. 261–282). Springer Science & Business Media.
  • Kelly, J. F. (2017). Is Alcoholics Anonymous religious, spiritual, neither? Findings from 25 years of mechanisms of behavior change research. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 112(6), 929–936. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.13590
  • Kelly, J. F., Hoeppner, B., Stout, R. L., & Pagano, M. (2012). Determining the relative importance of the mechanisms of behavior change within Alcoholics Anonymous: A multiple mediator analysis. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 107(2), 289–299. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03593.x
  • Kelly, J. F., Humphreys, K., & Ferri, M. (2020). Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12‐step programs for alcohol use disorder. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 3(3), CD012880. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd012880.pub2
  • Kelly, J. F., Myers, M. G., & Brown, S. A. (2000). A multivariate process model of adolescent 12-step attendance and substance use outcome following inpatient treatment. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors : Journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors, 14(4), 376–389. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-164X.14.4.376
  • Kingree, J. B. (1997). Measuring affiliation with 12-step groups. Substance Use & Misuse, 32(2), 181–194. https://doi.org/10.3109/10826089709027306
  • Klein, A. A., Slaymaker, V. J., & Kelly, J. F. (2011). The 12 Step Affiliation and Practices Scale: Development and initial validation of a measure assessing 12 step affiliation. Addictive Behaviors, 36(11), 1045–1051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.06.011
  • LaBelle, O. P. (2020). Daily associations between helping behavior, gratitude, and selfishness in members of Alcoholics Anonymous. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 38(4), 470–483. https://doi.org/10.1080/07347324.2020.1768992
  • LaBelle, O. P., & Edelstein, R. S. (2018). Gratitude, insecure attachment, and positive outcomes among 12-step recovery program participants. Addiction Research & Theory, 26(2), 123–132. https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2017.1333111
  • MacCallum, R. C., Widaman, K. F., Preacher, K. J., & Hong, S. (2001). Sample size in factor analysis: The role of model error. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 36(4), 611–637. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr3604_06
  • Magura, S., Laudet, A. B., Mahmood, D., Rosenblum, A., Vogel, H. S., & Knight, E. L. (2003). Role of self-help processes in achieving abstinence among dually diagnosed persons. Addictive Behaviors, 28(3), 399–413. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4603(01)00278-7
  • Majer, J. M., Droege, J. R., & Jason, L. A. (2010). A categorical assessment of 12-Step involvement in relation to recovery resources. Journal of Groups in Addiction & Recovery, 5(2), 155–167. https://doi.org/10.1080/15560351003766158
  • Majer, J. M., Jason, L. a., Ferrari, J. R., Venable, L. B., & Olson, B. D. (2002). Social support and self-efficacy for abstinence: Is peer identification an issue? Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 23(3), 209–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0740-5472(02)00261-1
  • Miller, W. R., & Del Boca, F. K. (1994). Measurement of drinking behavior using the Form 90 family of instruments. Journal of Studies on Alcohol. Supplement, 12, 112–118. https://doi.org/10.15288/jsas.1994.s12.112
  • Pagano, M. E., Friend, K. B., Tonigan, J. S., & Stout, R. L. (2004). Helping other alcoholics in Alcoholics Anonymous and drinking outcomes: Findings from project MATCH. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 65(6), 766–773. https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.2004.65.766
  • Pedersen, E. R., Grow, J., Duncan, S., Neighbors, C., & Larimer, M. E. (2012). Concurrent validity of an online version of the timeline followback assessment. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors : Journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors, 26(3), 672–677. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027945
  • Sellbom, M., & Tellegen, A. (2019). Factor analysis in psychological assessment research: Common pitfalls and recommendations. Psychological Assessment, 31(12), 1428–1441. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000623
  • Subbaraman, M. S., Kaskutas, L. A., & Zemore, S. (2011). Sponsorship and service as mediators of the effects of Making Alcoholics Anonymous Easier (MAAEZ), a 12-step facilitation intervention. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 116(1–3), 117–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.12.008
  • Timko, C., & DeBenedetti, A. (2007). A randomized controlled trial of intensive referral to 12-step self-help groups: One-year outcomes. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 90(2–3), 270–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.04.007
  • Timko, C., Billow, R., & DeBenedetti, A. (2006). Determinants of 12-step group affiliation and moderators of the affiliation-abstinence relationship. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 83(2), 111–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.11.005
  • Tonigan, J. S. (2007). Spirituality and Alcoholics Anonymous. Southern Medical Journal, 100(4), 437–440. https://doi.org/10.1097/SMJ.0b013e31803171ef
  • Tonigan, J. S., & Connors, G. J. (2015). Psychological mechanisms in Alcoholics Anonymous. In M. Galanter, H. D. Kleber, & K. T. Brady (Eds.), The American Psychiatric Publishing textbook of substance abuse treatment (pp. 563–578). American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.
  • Tonigan, J. S., & Rice, S. L. (2010). Is it beneficial to have an Alcoholics Anonymous sponsor? Psychology of Addictive Behaviors : Journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors, 24(3), 397–403. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019013
  • Tonigan, J. S., Connors, G. J., & Miller, W. R. (1996). Alcoholics Anonymous Involvement (AAI) scale: Reliability and norms. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 10(2), 75–80. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-164X.10.2.75
  • Tonigan, J. S., Rynes, K. N., & McCrady, B. S. (2013). Spirituality as a change mechanism in 12-step programs: A replication, extension, and refinement. Substance Use & Misuse, 48(12), 1161–1173. https://doi.org/10.3109/10826084.2013.808540
  • Tonigan, J., Miller, W., & Brown, J. (1997). The reliability of Form 90: An instrument for assessing alcohol treatment outcome. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 58(4), 358–364. https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.1997.58.358
  • Weiss, R. D., Griffin, M. L., Gallop, R. J., Najavits, L. M., Frank, A., Crits-Christoph, P., Thase, M. E., Blaine, J., Gastfriend, D. R., Daley, D., & Luborsky, L. (2005). The effect of 12-step self-help group attendance and participation on drug use outcomes among cocaine-dependent patients. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 77(2), 177–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.08.012
  • Witbrodt, J., Kaskutas, L., Bond, J., & Delucchi, K. (2012). Does sponsorship improve outcomes above Alcoholics Anonymous attendance? A latent class growth curve analysis. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 107(2), 301–311. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03570.x
  • Witbrodt, J., Mertens, J., Kaskutas, L. A., Bond, J., Chi, F., & Weisner, C. (2012). Do 12-step meeting attendance trajectories over 9 years predict abstinence? Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 43(1), 30–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2011.10.004
  • Witbrodt, J., Ye, Y., Bond, J., Chi, F., Weisner, C., & Mertens, J. (2014). Alcohol and drug treatment involvement, 12-step attendance and abstinence: 9-year cross-lagged analysis of adults in an integrated health plan. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 46(4), 412–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2013.10.015
  • Zemore, S. E. (2007). A role for spiritual change in the benefits of 12-step involvement. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 31(10 Suppl), 76s–79s. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.2007.00499.x
  • Zemore, S. E., Kaskutas, L. A., & Ammon, L. N. (2004). In 12-step groups, helping helps the helper. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 99(8), 1015–1023. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2004.00782.x
  • Zemore, S. E., Kaskutas, L. A., Mericle, A., & Hemberg, J. (2017). Comparison of 12-step groups to mutual help alternatives for AUD in a large, national study: Differences in membership characteristics and group participation, cohesion, and satisfaction. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 73, 16–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2016.10.004

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.