1,361
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Smartphone ophthalmoscope as a tool in teaching direct ophthalmoscopy: a crossover randomized controlled trial

ORCID Icon, , ORCID Icon, & ORCID Icon
Article: 2176201 | Received 28 Nov 2022, Accepted 31 Jan 2023, Published online: 10 Feb 2023

References

  • Kim Y, Chao DL. Comparison of smartphone ophthalmoscopy vs conventional direct ophthalmoscopy as a teaching tool for medical students: the COSMOS study. Clin Ophthalmol. 2019;13:391–9.
  • Burton MJ, Ramke J, Marques AP, et al. The lancet global health commission on global eye health: vision beyond 2020. Lancet Glob Health. 2021;9(4):e489–551. DOI:10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30488-5
  • Bradley P. A simple eye model to objectively assess ophthalmoscopic skills of medical students. Med Educ. 1999;33(8):592–595.
  • Mackay D, Garza P, Bruce B, et al. The demise of direct ophthalmoscopy: a modern clinical challenge. Neurol Clin Pract. 2015;5(2):150–157.
  • Levy A, Churchill A. Training and testing competence in direct ophthalmoscopy. Med Educ. 2003;37(5):483–484.
  • Chen M, Swinney C, Chen M, et al. Comparing the utility of the non-mydriatic fundus camera to the direct ophthalmoscope for medical education. Hawaii J Med Public Health. 2015;74(3):93–95.
  • Nagra M, Huntjens B. Smartphone ophthalmoscopy: patient and student practitioner perceptions. J Med Syst. 2019;44(1):10.
  • Hogarty DT, Hogarty JP, Hewitt AW. Smartphone use in ophthalmology: what is their place in clinical practice? Surv Ophthalmol. 2020;65(2):250–262.
  • Wintergerst MWM, Jansen LG, Holz FG, et al. Smartphone-based fundus imaging-where are we now? Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila). 2020;9(4):308–314.
  • Mamtora S, Sandinha MT, Ajith A, et al. Smart phone ophthalmoscopy: a potential replacement for the direct ophthalmoscope. Eye (Lond). 2018;32(11):1766–1771.
  • Wang H, Liao X, Zhang M, et al. A simple eye model for objectively assessing the competency of direct ophthalmoscopy. Eye (Lond). 2022;36(9):1789–1794.
  • Shanmugam MP, Mishra DK, Madhukumar R, et al. Fundus imaging with a mobile phone: a review of techniques. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2014;62(9):960–962.
  • Haddock LJ, Kim DY, Mukai S. Simple, inexpensive technique for high-quality smartphone fundus photography in human and animal eyes. J Ophthalmol. 2013;2013:518479.
  • Wu AR, Fouzdar-Jain S, Suh DW. Comparison study of funduscopic examination using a smartphone-based digital ophthalmoscope and the direct ophthalmoscope. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2018;55(3):201–206.
  • Hakimi AA, Lalehzarian SP, Lalehzarian AS, et al. The utility of a smartphone-enabled ophthalmoscope in pre-clinical fundoscopy training. Acta Ophthalmol. 2019;97(2):e327–328.
  • Dunn HP, Kang CJ, Marks S, et al. Perceived usefulness and ease of use of fundoscopy by medical students: a randomised crossover trial of six technologies (eFOCUS 1). BMC Med Educ. 2021;21(1):41.