Review of Rationale for Neurofeedback Application in Adolescent Substance Abusers with Comorbid Disruptive Behavioral Disorders

REFERENCES

• Aguilar de Arcos , F. , Verdejo-Garcia , A. J. , Peralta-Ramirez , M. I. , Sanchez-Barrera , M. , & Perez-Garcia , M. ( 2005 ). Experience of emotions in substance abusers exposed to images containing neutral, positive, and negative affective stimuli . Drug and Alcohol Dependence , 78 , 159 – 167 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alper , K. R. , Chabot , R. J. , Kim , A. H. , Prichep , L. S. , & John , E. R. ( 1990 ). Quantitative EEG correlates of crack cocaine dependence . Psychiatry Research , 35 , 95 – 106 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alper , K. R. , Chabot , R. J. , Kim , A. H. , Prichep , L. S. , & John , E. R. ( 1993 ). Crack cocaine dependence: Discrimination from major depression using qEEG variables . In K. Mauer (Ed.), Imaging of the brain in psychiatric and related fields (pp. 289 – 293 ). Berlin , Germany : Springer-Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association . ( 2000 ). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders () , 4th ed., text rev. . Washington , DC : Author .
   Google Scholar
• Anderson , J. , Williams , S. , McGee , R. , & Silva , P. ( 1987 ). DSM–III disorders in preadolescent children . Archives of General Psychiatry , 44 , 69 – 76 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson , K. G. , Ramo , D. E. , Cummins , K. M. , & Brown , S. A. ( 2010 ). Alcohol and drug involvement after adolescent treatment and functioning during emerging adulthood . Drug and Alcohol Dependence , 107 , 171 – 181 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arns , M. , de Ridder , S. , Strehl , U. , Breteler , M. , & Coenen , A. (2009). Efficacy of neurofeedback treatment in ADHD: The effects of inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity: A meta-analysis. Clinical EEG and Neuroscience , 40, 180–189.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aron , A. R. , & Poldrack , R. A. ( 2005 ). The cognitive neuroscience of response inhibition: Relevance for genetic research in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder . Biological Psychiatry , 57 , 1285 – 1292 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banaschewski , T. , & Brandeis , D. ( 2007 ). Annotation: What electrical brain activity tells us about brain function that other techniques cannot tell us—a child psychiatric perspective . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 48 , 415 – 435 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banaschewski , T. , Brandeis , D. , Heinrich , H. , Albrecht , B. , Brunner , E. , & Rothenberger , A. ( 2003 ). Association of ADHD and conduct disorder—Brain electrical evidence for the existence of a distinct subtype . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 44 , 356 – 376 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barkley , R. A. ( 1997 ). Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: Constructing a unifying theory of ADHD . Psychological Bulletin , 121 ( 1 ), 65 – 94 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barkley , R. A. , Fischer , M. , Edelbrock , C. S. , & Smallish , L. ( 1990 ). The adolescent outcome of hyperactive children diagnosed by research criteria: I. An 8-year prospective follow-up study . Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 29 , 546 – 557 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barry , R. J. , Clarke , A. R. , & Johnstone , S. J. ( 2003a ). A review of electrophysiology in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: I Qualitative and quantitative electroencephalography . Clinical Neurophysiology , 114 , 171 – 183 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barry , R. J. , Clarke , A. R. , & Johnstone , S. J. ( 2003b ). A review of electrophysiology in attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder: II. Event-related potentials . Clinical Neurophysiology , 114 , 184 – 198 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barry , R. J. , Clarke , A. R. , McCarthy , R. , & Selikowitz , M. ( 2007 ). EEG coherence in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and comorbid oppositional defiant disorder . Clinical Neurophysiology , 118 , 356 – 362 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basar , E. , & Güntekin , B. ( 2008 ). A review of brain oscillations in cognitive disorders and the role of neurotransmitters . Brain Research , 1235 , 172 – 193 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauer , L. O. ( 1997 ). Frontal P300 decrement, childhood conduct disorder, family history, and predisposition of relapse among abstinent cocaine abusers . Drug Alcohol Dependence , 44 , 1 – 10 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauer , L. O. , & Hesselbrock , V. M. ( 1993 ). EEG autonomic and subjective correlates for alcoholism . Journal of Studies on Alcohol , 54 , 577 – 589 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauer , L. O. , & Hesselbrock , V. M. ( 1999 ). Subtypes of family history and conduct disorder: Effects on P300 during the Stroop test . Neuropsychopharmacology , 21 ( 1 ), 51 – 62 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauer , L. O. , & Hesselbrock , V. M. ( 2001 ). CSD/BEM localization of P300 sources in adolescents “at risk”: Evidence of frontal cortex dysfunction in conduct disorder . Biological Psychiatry , 50 , 600 – 608 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauer , L. O. , & Hesselbrock , V. M. ( 2002 ). Lateral asymmetries in the frontal brain: Effects of depression and a family history of alcoholism in female adolescents . Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research , 26 , 1662 – 1668 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauer , L. O. , O'Connor , S. , & Hesselbrock , V. M. ( 1994 ). Frontal P300 decrements in antisocial personality disorder . Alcohol Clinical & Experimental Research , 18 , 1300 – 1305 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker , S. J. , & Curry , J. F. ( 2008 ). Outpatient interventions for adolescent substance abuse: A quality of evidence review . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 76 , 531 – 543 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Begleiter , H. , & Porjesz , B. ( 1995 ). Neurophysiological phenotypic factors in the development of alcoholism . In H. Begleiter & B. Kissen (Eds.), The genetics of alcoholism (pp. 269 – 293 ). New York , NY : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Begleiter , H. , Porjesz , B. , Bihari , B. , &. Kissin , B. ( 1984 ). Event related brain potentials in boys at risk for alcoholism . Science , 225 , 1493 – 1496 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biederman , J. (2003). Pharmacotherapy for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) decreases the risk for substance abuse: Findings from a longitudinal follow-up of youths with and without ADHD. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry , 64(11), 3–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Biederman , J. , Spencer , T. J. , Newcorn , J. H. , Gao , H. , Milton , D. R. , Feldman , P. D. , & Witte , M. M. ( 2006 ). Effect of comorbid symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder on responses to atomoxetine in children with ADHD: A meta-analysis of controlled clinical trial data . Psychopharmacology , 190 , 31 – 41 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biederman , J. , Wilens , T. , Mick , E. , Faraone , S. V. , Weber , W. , Curtis , S. , … Soriano , J. ( 1997 ). Is ADHD a risk factor for psychoactive substance use disorders? Findings from a four-year prospective follow-up study . Journal American Academy Child Adolescent Psychiatry , 36 , 21 – 29 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biederman , J. , Wilens , T. , Mick , E. , Milberger , S. , Spencer , T. J. , & Farone , S. V. ( 1995 ). Psychoactive substance use disorders in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Effects of ADHD and psychiatric comorbidity . American Journal of Psychiatry , 152 , 1652 – 1658 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bird , H. , Gould , M. , & Staghezza , B. ( 1993 ). Patterns of diagnostic comorbidity in a community sample of children aged 9 through 16 years . Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 32 , 361 – 368 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bodenhamer-Davis , E. , & Callaway , T. ( 2004 ). Extended follow-up of Peniston Protocol results with chemical dependency . Journal of Neurotherapy , 8 , 135 .
   Google Scholar
• Brady , K. T. ( 1997 ). Posttraumatic stress disorder and comorbidity: Recognizing the many faces of PTSD . Journal of Clinical Psychiatry , 58 ( Suppl. 9 ), 12 – 15 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brandeis , D. , Banaschewski , T. , Baving , L. , Georgiewa , P. , Blanz , B. , & Warnke , A. ( 2002 ). Multicenter P300 brain mapping of impaired attention to cues in hyperkinetic children . Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 41 , 990 – 998 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brannigan , R. , Schackman , B. R. , Falco , M. , & Millman , R. B. ( 2004 ). The quality of highly regarded adolescent substance abuse treatment programs . Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine , 158 , 904 – 909 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bremner , J. D. , Southwick , S. M. , Darnell , A. , & Charney , D. S. ( 1996 ). Chronic PTSD in Vietnam combat veterans: Course of illness and substance abuse . American Journal of Psychiatry , 153 , 369 – 375 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown , P. J. , Recupero , P. R. , & Stout , R. ( 1995 ). PTSD-substance abuse comorbidity and treatment utilization . Addictive Behavior , 20 , 251 – 254 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brownell , M. D. , & Yogendran , M. S. ( 2001 ). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in Manitoba children: Medical diagnosis and psychostimulant treatment rates . Canadian Journal Psychiatry , 46 , 264 – 272 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burgess , G. C. , Depue , B. E. , Ruzic , L. , Willcutt , E. G. , Du , Y. P. , & Banich , M. ( 2010 ). Attention control activation relates to working memory in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder . Biological Psychiatry , 67 , 632 – 640 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burke , J. D. , Waldman , I. , & Lahey , B. B. ( 2010 ). Predictive validity of childhood oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder: Implications for the DSM–V . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 119 , 739 – 751 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burkett , S. V. , Cummins , J. M. , Dickson , R. , & Skolnick , M. H. ( 2005 ). An open clinical trial utilizing real-time EEG operant conditioning as an adjunctive therapy in the treatment of crack cocaine dependence . Journal of Neurotherapy , 9 ( 2 ), 27 – 47 .
   Google Scholar
• Cadoret , R. J. , Troughton , E. , & O'Gorman , W. ( 1987 ). Genetic and environmental factors in alcohol abuse and antisocial personality disorder . Journal Studies on Alcohol , 48 ( 1 ), 1 – 8 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Carlson , S. R. , Iacono , W. G. , & McGue , M. ( 2002 ). P300 amplitude in adolescent twins discordant and concordant for alcohol use disorder . Biological Psychology , 61 , 203 – 227 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carroll , K. M. , & Rounsaville , B. J. ( 1993 ). History and significance of childhood attention deficit disorder in treatment-seeking cocaine abusers . Comprehensive Psychiatry , 34 , 75 – 82 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castaneda , R. , Levy , R. , Hardy , M. , & Trujillo , M. ( 2000 ). Long-acting stimulants for the treatment of attention-deficit disorder in cocaine-dependent adults . Psychiatric Services , 51 , 169 – 171 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chabot , R. J. , di Michele , F. , & Prichep , L. (2005). The role of quantitative electroencephalography in child and adolescent psychiatric disorders. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America , 14, 21–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chabot , R. J. , & Serfontein , G. ( 1996 ). Quantitative EEG profiles of children with Attention Deficit Disorder . Biological Psychiatry , 40 , 951 – 963 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan , Y.-F. , Dennis , M. L. , & Funk , R. R. ( 2008 ). Prevalence and comorbidity of major internalizing and externalizing problems among adolescents and adults presenting to substance abuse treatment . Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment , 34 , 14 – 24 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke , A. R. , Barry , R. J. , McCarthy , R. , & Selikowitz , M. ( 1998 ). EEG analysis in attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder: A comparative study of two subtypes . Psychiatry Research , 81 , 19 – 29 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke , A. , Barry , R. J. , McCarthy , R. , & Selikowitz , M. ( 2001 ). EEG-defined subtypes of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder . Clinical Neurophysiology , 112 , 2098 – 2105 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke , A. R. , Barry , R. J. , McCarthy , R. , & Selikowitz , M. ( 2002 ). Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and comorbid oppositional defiant disorder: An EEG analysis . Psychiatry Research , 111 , 181 – 190 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke , A. R. , Barry , R. J. , McCarthy , R. , Selikowitz , M. , & Brown , C. R. ( 2002 ). EEG evidence for a new conceptualization of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder . Clinical Neurophysiology , 113 , 1036 – 1044 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coger , R. W. , Dymond , A. M. , & Serafetinides , E. A. ( 1978 ). EEG signs of brain impairment in alcoholism . Biological Psychiatry , 13 , 729 – 739 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coger , R. W. , Dymond , A. M. , & Serafetinides , E. A. ( 1979 ). Electroencephalographic similarities between chronic alcoholics and chronic non-paranoid schizophrenics . Archives of General Psychiatry , 36 , 91 – 94 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cornwell , A. , Roemer , R. A. , Jackson , P. , & Dewart , D. ( 1994 ). Paroxysmal-like EEG abnormalities associated with chronic polydrug abuse . Biological Psychiatry , 35 , 692 – 693 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corr , P. J. ( 2002 ). J. A. Gray's reinforcement sensitivity theory and frustrative nonreward: A theoretical note on expectancies in reactions to rewarding stimuli . Personality Individual Differences , 32 , 1247 – 1253 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Couwenbergh , C. , Brink , W. , Zwart , K. , Vreugdenhil , C. , Wijngaarden-Cremers , P. , & Gaag , R. J. ( 2006 ). Comorbid psychopathology in adolescents and young adults treated for substance use disorders . European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 15 , 319 – 328 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crits-Christoph , P. , Siqueland , L. , Blaine , J. , Frank , A. , Luborsky , L. , Onken , L. S. , … Beck , A. T. ( 1997 ). The National Institute on Drug Abuse Collaborative Cocaine Treatment Study: Rationale and methods . Archives of General Psychiatry , 54 , 721 – 726 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crits-Christoph , P. , Siqueland , L. , Blaine , J. , Frank , A. , Luborsky , L. , Onken , L. S. , … Beck , A. T. ( 1999 ). Psychosocial treatments for cocaine dependence: National Institute on Drug Abuse Collaborative Cocaine Treatment Study . Archives of General Psychiatry , 56 , 493 – 450 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cyders , M. A. , & Smith , G. T. ( 2008 ). Emotion-based dispositions to rash action: Positive and negative urgency . Psychological Bulletin , 134 , 807 – 828 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daniels , R. , & Laundenwich , S. ( 2007 , October ). Louisville Adolescent Network for Substance Abuse Treatment (Report to the Board) . Louisville , KY .
   Google Scholar
• Davids , E. , von Bunau , U. , Specka , M. , Fischer , B. , Scherbaum , N. , & Gastpar , M. ( 2005 ). History of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms and opioid dependence: A controlled study . Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry , 29 , 291 – 296 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deas , D. , & Thomas , S. E. ( 2001 ). An overview of controlled studies of adolescent substance abuse treatment . American Journal on Addictions , 10 , 178 – 189 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Boo , G. M. , & Prins , P. J. M. ( 2007 ). Social incompetence in children with ADHD: Possible moderators and mediators in social-skills training . Clinical Psychology Review , 27 , 78 – 97 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dennis , M. L. , White , M. K. , Titus , J. C. , & Unsicker , J. I. (2006). Global Appraisal of Individual Needs (GAIN): Administration guide and related measures (Version 5) . Bloomington , IL : Chestnut Health Systems.
   Google Scholar
• Doehnert , M. , Brandeis , D. , Imhof , K. , Drechsler , R. , & Steinhausen , H. C. ( 2010 ). Mapping attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder from childhood to adolescence—No neurophysiologic evidence for a developmental lag of attention but some inhibition . Biological Psychiatry , 67 , 608 – 616 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Downey , K. K. , Stelson , F. W. , Pomerleau , O. F. , & Giordani , B. ( 1997 ). Adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Psychological test profiles in a clinical population . Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases , 185 ( 1 ), 32 – 38 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doyle , A. E. , Willcutt , E. G. , Seidman , L. J. , Biederman , J. , Chouinard , V. A. , Silva , J. , & Faraone , S. V. ( 2005 ). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder endophenotypes . Biological Psychiatry , 57 , 1324 – 1335 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Du , J. , Li , J. , Wang , Y. , Jiang , Q. , Livesley , W. J. , Jang , K. L. , Wang , K. , & Wang , W. ( 2006 ). Event-related potentials in adolescents with combined ADHD and CD disorder: A single stimulus paradigm . Brain and Cognition , 60 ( 1 ), 70 – 75 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durston , S. , & Konrad , K. ( 2007 ). Integrating genetic, psychopharmacological and neuroimaging studies: A converging methods approach to understanding the neurobiology of ADHD . Developmental Review , 27 , 374 – 395 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ehlers , C. L. , & Criado , J. R. ( 2010 ). Adolescent ethanol exposure: Does it produce long-lasting electrophysiological effects? Alcohol , 44 , 27 – 37 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Etheridge , R. M. , Smith , J. C. , Rounds-Bryant , J. L. , & Hubbard , R. L. ( 2001 ). Drug abuse treatment and comprehensive services for adolescents . Journal of Adolescent Research , 16 , 563 – 589 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Everitt , B. J. , Belin , D. , Economodou , D. , Pelloux , Y. , Dalley , J. W. , & Robbins , T. W. ( 2008 ). Neural mechanisms underlying the vulnerability to develop compulsive drug-seeking habits and addiction . Philosophical Transactions Royal Society London: Biological Sciences , 363 , 3125 – 3135 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falkenstein , M. , Hoormann , J. , Christ , S. , & Hohnsbein , J. ( 2000 ). ERP components on reaction errors and their functional significance: A tutorial . Biological Psychology , 51 , 87 – 107 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falkenstein , M. , Hoormann , J. , & Hohnsbein , J. ( 1999 ). ERP components in Go/Nogo tasks and their relation to inhibition . Acta Psychologica , 101 , 267 – 291 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finkelberg , A. , Sokhadze , E. , Lopatin , A. , Shubina , O. , Kokorina , N. , Skok , A. , & Shtark , M. ( 1996 ). The application of alpha-theta EEG biofeedback training for psychological improvement in the process of rehabilitation of the patients with pathological addictions . Biofeedback and Self-Regulation , 21 , 364 .
   Google Scholar
• Fox , D. J. , Tharp , D. F. , & Fox , L. C. ( 2005 ). Neurofeedback: An alternative and efficacious treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder . Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback , 30 , 365 – 373 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franken , I. H. A. , Stam , C. J. , Hendriks , V. M. , & van den Brink , W. ( 2004 ). Electroencephalographic power and coherence analysis suggest altered brain function in abstinent male heroin-dependent patients . Neuropsychobiology , 49 , 105 – 110 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franzer , J. ( 2005 ). The status of health service research on adjudicated drug-abusing juveniles: Selected findings and remaining questions . Substance Use & Misuse , 40 , 887 – 911 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuchs , T. , Birbaumer , N. , Lutzenberger , W. , Gruzelier , J. H. , & Kaiser , J. ( 2003 ). Neurofeedback treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children: A comparison with methylphenidate . Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback , 28 ( 1 ), 1 – 12 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fukunishi , I. ( 1996 ). Alexithymia in substance abuse: Relationship to depression . Psychology Reports , 78 , 641 – 642 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gabrielli , W. F. , Mednick , S. A. , & Volavka , J. ( 1982 ). EEGs in children of alcoholic fathers . Psychophysiology , 19 , 404 – 407 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gehring , W. J. , & Knight , R. T. ( 2000 ). Prefrontal-cingulate interactions in action monitoring . Nature Neuroscience , 3 , 516 – 520 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerra , G. , Baldaro , B. , Zaimovic , A. , Moi , G. , Bussandri , M. , Raggi , M. A. , & Brambilla , F. (2003). Neuroendocrine responses to experimentally-induced emotions among abstinent opioid-dependent subjects. Drug & Alcohol Dependence , 71, 25–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gevensleben , H. , Holl , B. , Albrecht , B. , Schlamp , D. , Kratz , O. , Studer , P. , … Heinrich , H. ( 2009 ). Distinct EEG effects related to neurofeedback training in children with ADHD: A randomized controlled trial . International Journal of Psychophysiology , 74 , 149 – 157 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gevensleben , H. , Holl , B. , Albrecht , B. , Schlamp , D. , Kratz , O. , Studer , P. , … Heinrich , H. ( 2010 ). Neurofeedback training in children with ADHD: 6-month follow-up of a randomised controlled trial . European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 19 , 715 – 724 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gevensleben , H. , Holl , B. , Albrecht , B. , Vogel , C. , Schlamp , D. , Kratz , O. , … Heinrich , H. ( 2009 ). Is neurofeedback an efficacious treatment for ADHD? A randomised controlled clinical trial . Child Psychology & Psychiatry , 50 , 780 – 789 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gittelman , R. , Mannuzza , S. , Shenker , R. , & Bonagura , N. ( 1985 ). Hyperactive boys almost grown up . Archives of General Psychiatry , 42 , 937 – 947 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldstein , R. Z. , & Volkow , N. D. ( 2002 ). Drug addiction and its underlying neurobiological basis: Neuroimaging evidence for the involvement of the frontal cortex . American Journal of Psychiatry , 159 , 1642 – 1652 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grabowski , J. , Shearer , J. , Merrill , J. , & Negus , S. S. ( 2004 ). Agonist-like, replacement pharmacotherapy for stimulant abuse and dependence . Addictive Behaviors , 29 , 1439 – 1464 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graetz , B. W. , Sawyer , M. G. , Hazell , P. L. , Arney , F. , & Baghurst , P. ( 2001 ). Validity of DSM–IV ADHD subtypes in a nationally representative sample of Australian children and adolescents . Journal of American Academy Child Adolescent Psychiatry , 40 , 1410 – 1417 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Habeych , M. E. , Charles , P. J. , Sclabassi , R. J. , Kirisci , L. , & Tarter , R. E. ( 2005 ). Direct and mediated associations between P300 amplitude in childhood and substance use disorders outcome in young adulthood . Biological Psychiatry , 57 , 76 – 82 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hada , M. , Porjesz , B. , Begleiter , H. , & Polich , J. ( 2000 ). Auditory P3a assessment of male alcoholics . Biological Psychiatry , 48 , 276 – 286 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heinrich , H. , Gevensleben , H. , & Strehl , U. ( 2007 ). Neurofeedback—Train your brain to train behavior . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 48 , 3 – 16 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermens , D. F. , Kohn , M. R. , Clarke , S. D. , Gordon , E. , & Williams , L. M. ( 2005 ). Sex differences in adolescent ADHD: Findings from concurrent EEG and EDA . Clinical Neurophysiology , 116 , 1455 – 1463 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herning , R. I. , Better , W. , & Cadet , J. L. ( 2008 ). EEG of chronic marijuana users during abstinence: Relationship to years of marijuana use, cerebral blood flow and thyroid function . Clinical Neurophysiology , 119 , 321 – 331 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herrmann , C. S. , & Demiralp , T. ( 2005 ). Human EEG gamma oscillations in neuropsychiatric disorders . Clinical Neurophysiology , 116 , 2719 – 2733 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hestler , R. , Dixon , V. , & Garavan , H. ( 2006 ). A consistent attentional bias for drug-related material in active cocaine users across word and picture versions of the emotional Stroop task . Drug and Alcohol Dependence , 81 , 251 – 257 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill , S. Y. , Yuan , H. , & Locke , J. ( 1999 ). Path analysis of P300 amplitude from families at high and low risk for developing alcoholism . Biological Psychiatry , 45 , 346 – 359 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoedlmoser , K. , Pecherstorfer , T. , Gruber , G. , Anderer , P. , Doppelmayr , M. , Klimesch , W. , & Schabus , M. ( 2008 ). Instrumental conditioning of human sensorimotor rhythm (12–15 Hz) and its impact on sleep as well as declarative learning . Sleep , 31 , 1401 – 1408 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holroyd , C. B. , & Coles , M. G. ( 2002 ). The neural basis of human error processing: Reinforcement learning, dopamine, and the error-related negativity . Psychology Review , 109 , 679 – 709 .
   Google Scholar
• Holtmann , M. , & Stadler , C. ( 2006 ). Electroencephalographic biofeedback for the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in childhood and adolescence . Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics , 6 , 533 – 540 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Horner , B. R. , & Scheibe , K. E. (1997). Prevalence and implications of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder among adolescents in treatment for substance abuse. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 36(1), 30–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horrell , T. , Sokhadze , E. , Stewart , C. , El-Baz , A. , & Tasman , A. ( 2010 ). Evoked and induced gamma EEG response to drug cues in cocaine addicts after neurofeedback treatment . Journal of Neurotherapy , 14 ( 3 ), 195 – 216 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hser , Y.-I. , Grella , C. E. , Hubbard , R. L. , Hsieh , S.-C. , Fletcher , B. W. , Brown , B. S. , & Anglin , M. D. ( 2001 ). An evaluation of drug treatments for adolescents in 4 US cities . Archives of General Psychiatry , 58 , 689 – 695 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hser , Y. I. , Hoffman , V. , Grella , C. E. , & Anglin , M. D. ( 2001 ). A 33-year follow-up of narcotics addicts . Archives of General Psychiatry , 58 , 503 – 508 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsu , L. , Wisner , K. , Richey , E. , & Goldstein , C. ( 1985 ). Is juvenile delinquency related to abnormal EEG? A study of EEG abnormalities in juvenile delinquents and adolescent psychiatric inpatients . Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 24 , 310 – 315 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iacono , W. G. , Carlson , S. R. , Malone , S. M. , &. McGue , M. ( 2002 ). P3 event-related potential amplitude and the risk for disinhibitory disorders in adolescent boys . Archives of General Psychiatry , 59 , 750 – 757 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen , P. , Martin , D. , & Cantwell , D. ( 1997 ). Comorbidity in ADHD: Implications for research, practice, and DSM–V . Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 36 , 1065 – 1079 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalbag , A. S. , & Levin , F. R. ( 2005 ). Adult ADHD and substance abuse: Diagnostic and treatment issues . Substance Use and Misuse , 40 , 1955 – 1981 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalechstein , A. D. , Newton , T. F. , Longshore , D. , Anglin , M. D. , van Gorp , W. G. , & Gawin , F. H. ( 2000 ). Psychiatric comorbidity of methamphetamine dependence in a forensic sample . Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences , 12 , 480 – 484 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamarajan , C. , Porjesz , B. , Jones , K. A. , Choi , K. , Chorlian , D. B. , Padmanabhapillai , A. , … Begleiter , H. ( 2004 ). The role of brain oscillations as functional correlates of cognitive systems: A study of frontal inhibitory control in alcoholism . International Journal of Psychophysiology , 51 , 155 – 180 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamarajan , C. , Porjesz , B. , Jones , K. , Chorlian , D. , Padmanabhapillai , A. , Rangaswamy , M. , … Begleiter , H. ( 2006 ). Event-related oscillations in offspring of alcoholics: Neurocognitive disinhibition as a risk for alcoholism . Biological Psychiatry , 59 , 625 – 634 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kazdin , A. E. , & Nock , M. K. ( 2003 ). Delineating mechanisms of change in child and adolescent therapy: Methodological issues and research recommendations . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 44 , 1116 – 1129 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keizer , A. W. , Verment , R. S. , & Hommel , B. ( 2010 ). Enhancing cognitive control through neurofeedback: A role of gamma-band activity in managing episodic retrieval . NeuroImage , 49 , 3404 – 3413 .
   Google Scholar
• Khantzian , E. J. ( 1985 ). The self-medication hypothesis of addictive disorders: Focus on heroin and cocaine dependence . American Journal of Psychiatry , 142 , 1259 – 1264 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khantzian , E. J. ( 1997 ). The self-medication hypothesis of substance use disorders: A reconsiderations and recent applications . Harvard Review Psychiatry , 4 , 231 – 244 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim , M. S. , Kim , J. J. , & Kwon , J. S. ( 2001 ). Frontal P300 decrement and executive dysfunction in adolescents with conduct problems . Child Psychiatry Human Development , 32 , 93 – 106 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirisci , L. , Vanyukov , M. , &. Tarter , R. ( 2005 ). Detection of youth at high risk for substance use disorders: A longitudinal study . Psychology of Addictive Behaviors , 19 , 243 – 252 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knudsen , H. K. ( 2009 ). Adolescent-only substance abuse treatment: Availability and adoption of components of quality . Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment , 36 , 195 – 204 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kollins , S. H. (2008). A qualitative review of issues arising in the use of psychostimulant medications in patients with ADHD and co-morbid substance use disorders. Current Medical Research and Opinion , 24, 1345–1357.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konrad , K. , Neufang , S. , Hanisch , C. , Fink , G. R. , & Herpertz-Dahlmann , B. ( 2006 ). Dysfunctional attentional networks in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Evidence from an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging study . Biological Psychiatry , 59 , 643 – 665 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koob , G. F. ( 1999 ). Stress, corticotropin-releasing factor, and drug addiction . Annals of New York Academy of Sciences , 897 , 27 – 45 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koob , G. F. , & Le Moal , M. ( 2001 ). Drug addiction, dysregulation of reward, and allostasis . Neuropsychopharmacology , 24 , 97 – 129 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kraemer , H. C. , Wilson , G. , Fairburn , C. G. , & Agras , W. ( 2002 ). Mediators and moderators of treatment effects in randomized clinical trials . Archives of General Psychiatry , 59 , 877 – 884 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kropotov , J. D. , Grin-Yatsenko , V. A. , Ponomarev , V. A. , Chutko , L. S. , Yakovenko , E. A. , & Nikishena , I. S. ( 2005 ). ERPs correlates of EEG relative beta training in ADHD children . International Journal of Psychophysiology , 55 ( 1 ), 23 – 34 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lahey , B. B. , Loeber , R. , Quay , H. C. , Frick , P. J. , & Grimm , J. ( 1992 ). Oppositional defiant and conduct disorders: Issues to be resolved for DSM–IV . Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 31 , 539 – 546 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazzaro , I. , Gordon , E. , Whitmont , S. , Plahn , M. , Li , W. , Clarke , S. , … Meares , R. ( 1998 ). Quantified EEG activity in adolescent attention deficit hyperactivity disorder . Clinical Electroencephalography , 29 , 37 – 42 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leins , U. , Goth , G. , Hinterberger , T. , Klinger , C. , Rumpf , N. , & Strehl , U. ( 2007 ). Neurofeedback for children with ADHD: A comparison of SCP and Theta/Beta protocols . Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback , 32 ( 2 ), 73 – 88 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lenz , D. , Krauel , K. , Flechtner , H. H. , Schadow , J. , Hinrichs , H. , & Herrmann , C. S. ( 2010 ). Altered evoked gamma-band responses reveal impaired early visual processing in ADHD children . Neuropsychologia , 48 , 1985 – 1993 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lenz , D. , Krauel , K. , Schadow , J. , Baving , L. , Duzel , E. , & Herrmann , C. S. ( 2008 ). Enhanced gamma-band activity in ADHD patients lacks correlation with memory performance found in healthy children . Brain Research , 1235 , 117 – 132 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levesque , J. , Beauregard , M. , & Mensour , B. ( 2006 ). Effects of neurofeedback training on the neural substrates of selective attention in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study . Neuroscience Letters , 394 , 216 – 221 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levin , F. R. , Evans , S. M. , Brooks , D. J. , & Garawi , F. ( 2007 ). Treatment of cocaine dependent treatment seekers with adult ADHD: Double-blind comparison of methylphenidate and placebo . Drug and Alcohol Dependence , 87 ( 1 ), 20 – 29 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levin , F. , Evans , S. , Mcdowell , D. , & Kleber , H. ( 1998 ). Methylphenidate treatment for cocaine abusers with adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A pilot study . Journal Clinical Psychiatry , 59 , 300 – 305 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levin , F. R. , & Kleber , H. D. ( 1995 ). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and substance abuse: Relationships and implications for treatment . Harvard Review of Psychiatry , 2 , 246 – 258 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linden , M. , Habib , T. , & Radojevic , V. ( 1996 ). A controlled study of the effects of EEG biofeedback on cognition and behavior of children with attention deficit disorder and learning disabilities . Biofeedback and Self-Regulation , 21 ( 1 ), 35 – 49 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liotti , M. , Pliszka , S. R. , Higgins , K. , Perez , R. III , & Semrud-Clikeman , M. ( 2010 ). Evidence for specificity of ERP abnormalities during response inhibition in ADHD children: A comparison with reading disorder children without ADHD . Brain and Cognition , 72 , 228 – 237 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loeber , R. , Burke , J. D. , Lahey , B. B. , Winters , A. , & Zera , M. ( 2000 ). Oppositional defiant and conduct disorder: A review of the past 10 years . Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry , 39 , 1468 – 1484 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lubar , J. F. (2003). Neurofeedback for the management of attention deficit disorders. In M. S. Schwartz & F. Andrasik (Eds.), Biofeedback: A practitioner's guide, , 3rd ed. (pp. 409–437). New York , NY : Guilford.
   Google Scholar
• Lubar , J. F. (Ed.). ( 2004 ). Quantitative electroencephalographic analysis (QEEG) databases for neurotherapy: Description, validation, and application . Binghamton , NY : Haworth .
   Google Scholar
• Mann , C. , Lubar , J. , Zimmerman , A. , Miller , C. , &. Muenchen , R. ( 1992 ). Quantitative analysis of EEG in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Controlled study with clinical implications . Pediatric Neurology , 8 , 30 – 36 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mannuzza , S. , Klein , R. G. , Bessler , A. , Malloy , P. , & LaPadula , M. ( 1998 ). Adult psychiatric status of hyperactive boys grown up . American Journal of Psychiatry , 155 , 493 – 498 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mannuzza , S. , Klein , R. G. , Bonagura , N. , Malloy , P. , Giampino , T. L. , & Addalli , K. A. ( 1991 ). Hyperactive boys almost grown up, V. Replication of psychiatric status . Archives of General Psychiatry , 48 , 77 – 83 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mannuzza , S. , Klein , R. G. , Konig , P. H. , & Giampino , P. L. ( 1989 ). Hyperactive boys almost grown up, IV. Criminality and its relationship to psychiatric status . Archives of General Psychiatry , 46 , 1073 – 1079 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mannuzza , S. , Klein , R. G. , & Moulton , J. L. ( 2003 ). Does stimulant treatment place children at risk for adult substance abuse? A controlled, prospective follow-up study . Journal of Child Adolescent Psychopharmacology , 13 ( 3 ), 273 – 282 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mariani , J. J. , & Levin , F. R. ( 2007 ). Treatment strategies for co-occurring ADHD and substance use disorders . American Journal Addiction , 16 ( Suppl. 1 ), 45 – 56 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin , G. ( 2003 ). EEG biofeedback with incarcerated adolescent felons . Journal of Neurotherapy , 7 ( 1 ), 66 – 67 .
   Google Scholar
• Mcardle , P. , O'Brien , G. , & Kolvin , I. ( 1995 ). Hyperactivity: Prevalence and relationship with conduct disorder . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 36 , 279 – 305 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller , W. , & Rollnick , S. ( 2002 ). Motivational interviewing . New York , NY : Guilford .
   Google Scholar
• Mirza , K. , & Mirza , S. ( 2008 ). Adolescent substance misuse . Psychiatry , 7 , 357 – 362 .
   Google Scholar
• Molina , B. S. , Hinshaw , S. P. , Swanson , J. M. , Arnold , L. E. , Vitiello , B. , Jensen , P. S. , … Houck , P. R. ( 2009 ). The MTA at 8 years: Prospective follow-up of children treated for combined-type ADHD in a multisite study . Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 48 , 484 – 500 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monastra , V. J. ( 2003 ). Clinical applications of electroencephalographic biofeedback . In M. S. Schwartz & F. Andrasik (Eds.), Biofeedback: A practitioner's guide , 3rd ed. (pp. 438 – 463 ). New York , NY : Guilford .
   Google Scholar
• Monastra , V. J. , Lubar , J. F. , & Linden , M. ( 2001 ). The development of a quantitative electroencephalographic scanning process for attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder: Reliability and validity studies . Neuropsychology , 15 ( 1 ), 136 – 144 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monastra , V. J. , Lynn , S. , Linden , M. , Lubar , J. F. , Gruzelier , J. , & LaVaque , T. J. ( 2005 ). Electroencephalographic biofeedback in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder . Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback , 30 , 95 – 114 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monastra , V. J. , Monastra , D. M. , & George , S. ( 2002 ). The effects of stimulant therapy, EEG biofeedback, and parenting style on the primary symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder . Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback , 27 , 231 – 249 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Multimodal Treatment of ADHD (MTA) Cooperative Group . ( 1999 ). A 14-month randomized clinical trial of treatment strategies for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) . Archives of General Psychiatry , 56 , 1073 – 1086 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Multimodal Treatment of ADHD (MTA) Cooperative Group . ( 2004 ). National Institute of Mental Health Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD follow-up: 24-month outcomes of treatment strategies for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder . Pediatrics , 113 , 754 – 761 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nigg , J. T. ( 2005 ). Neuropsychologic theory and findings in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: The state of the field and salient challenges for the coming decade . Biological Psychiatry , 57 , 1424 – 1435 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Brien , C. P. , Charney , D. S. , Lewis , L. , Cornish , J. W. , Post , R. M. , Woody , G. E. , … Weisner , C. (2004). Priority actions to improve the care of persons with co-occurring substance abuse and other mental disorders: A call to action. Biological Psychiatry , 56, 703–713.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Connor , S. , Bauer , L. O. , Tasman , A. , & Hesselbrock , V. M. ( 1994 ). Reduced P3 amplitudes of ERPs are associated with both a family history of alcoholism and antisocial personality disorder . Progress in Neuropsychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry , 18 , 1307 – 1321 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okazaki , S. , Ozaki , H. , Maekawa , H. , & Futakami , S. ( 2004 ). Longitudinal change of ERP during cued continuous performance test in child with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder . International Congress Series , 1270 , 254 – 257 .
   Google Scholar
• Ouimette , P. C. , Finney , J. W. , & Moos , R. ( 1999 ). Two-year posttreatment functioning and coping of substance abuse patients with posttraumatic stress disorder . Psychology of Addictive Behaviors , 13 , 105 – 114 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pardini , D. A. , & Fite , P. J. ( 2010 ). Symptoms of conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and callous-unemotional traits as unique predictors of psychosocial maladjustment in boys: Advancing an evidence base for DSM–V . Journal of American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry , 49 , 1134 – 1144 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pardini , D. A. , Fite , P. J. , & Moffitt , T. E. ( 2010 ). Building an evidence base for DSM–5 conceptualizations of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder: Introduction to the special section . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 119 , 683 – 688 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peniston , E. G. , & Kulkosky , P. J. ( 1989 ). Alpha-Theta brainwave training and beta endorphin levels in alcoholics . Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research , 13 , 271 – 279 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peniston , E. G. , & Kulkosky , P. G. ( 1991 ). Alpha-theta brain wave neurofeedback for Vietnam veterans with combat related post traumatic stress disorder . Medical Psychotherapy , 4 , 1 – 14 .
   Google Scholar
• Pliszka , S. ( 1998 ). Comorbidity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with psychiatric disorder: An overview . Journal of Clinical Psychiatry , 59 ( Suppl. ), 50 – 58 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Prichep , L. S. , Alper , K. , Kowalik , S. C. , Merkin , H. , Tom , M. , John , E. R. , & Rosenthal , M. S. ( 1996 ). Quantitative electroencephalographic characteristics of crack cocaine dependence . Biological Psychiatry , 40 , 986 – 993 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prichep , L. S. , Alper , K. R. , Sverdlov , L. , Kowalik , S. C. , John , E. R. , Merkin , H. , … Rosenthal , M. S. ( 2002 ). Outcome related electrophysiological subtypes of cocaine dependence . Clinical Electroencephalography , 33 ( 1 ), 8 – 20 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Prichep , L. S. , & John , E. R. ( 1997 ). Quantitative EEG (QEEG) and psychiatric classification . Biological Psychiatry , 42 , 64S .
   Google Scholar
• Prinz , R. J. ( 1998 ). Conduct disorders . In A. S. Bellack & M. Hersen (Eds.), Comprehensive clinical psychology (pp. 527 – 538 ). New York , NY : Elsevier Science .
   Google Scholar
• Prochaska , J. O. , DiClemente , C. C. , & Norcross , J. C. ( 1992 ). In search of how people change. Applications to addictive behaviors . American Psychologist , 47 , 1102 – 1114 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quirk , D. A. ( 1995 ). Composite biofeedback conditioning and dangerous offenders: III . Journal of Neurotherapy , 1 , 44 – 54 .
   Google Scholar
• Rangaswamy , M. , Stimus , A. T. , & Begleiter , H. ( 2005 ). Alcoholism is a disinhibitory disorder: Neurophysiological evidence from a Go/No-Go task . Biological Psychology , 69 , 353 – 373 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ridderinkhof , K. R. , Ullsperger , M. , Crone , E. A. , & Nieuwenhuis , S. ( 2004 ). The role of the medial frontal cortex in cognitive control . Science , 306 , 443 – 447 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ridenour , A. , Hall , D. L. , & Bost , J. E. ( 2009 ). A small sample randomized clinical trial methodology using N-of-1 designs and mixed model analysis . The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse , 35 , 260 – 266 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riggs , N. R. , & Greenberg , M. T. ( 2009 ). Neurocognition as a moderator and mediator in adolescent substance misuse prevention . American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse , 35 , 209 – 213 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riggs , P. D. , & Jellinek , M. S. (1998). Clinical approach to treatment of ADHD in adolescents with substance use disorders and conduct disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry , 37, 331–332.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson , T. E. , & Berridge , K. C. ( 2008 ). The incentive sensitization theory of addiction: Some current issues . Philosophical transactions Royal Society London: Biological Sciences , 363 , 3137 – 3146 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roemer , R. A. , Cornwell , A. , Jackson , P. , & Dewart , D. ( 1994 ). Quantitative EEG measures: Correlations with lifetime exposure to cocaine, alcohol, and marijuana in chronic polydrug . Biological Psychiatry , 35 , 624 – 625 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossiter , T. R. , & LaVaque , T. J. ( 1995 ). A comparison of EEG biofeedback and psychostimulants in treating attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders . Journal of Neurotherapy , 1 , 48 – 59 .
   Google Scholar
• Rothenberger , A. , Banaschewski , T. , Heinrich , H. , Moll , G. H. , Schmidt , M. H , & van Klooster , B. ( 2000 ). Comorbidity in ADHD-children: Effects of coexisting conduct disorder or tic disorder on event-related brain potentials in an auditory selective-attention task . European Archive Psychiatry Clinical Neuroscience , 250 , 101 – 110 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Satterfield , J. H. , Schell , A. M. , & Nicholas , T. W. ( 1984 ). Preferential neural processing of attended stimuli in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and normal boys . Psychophysiology , 31 ( 1 ), 1 – 10 .
   Google Scholar
• Satterfield , J. H. , Schell , A. M. , Nicholas , T. W. , Satterfield , B. T. , & Freese , T. E. ( 1990 ). Ontogeny of selective attention effects on event-related potentials in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and normal boys . Biological Psychiatry , 28 , 879 – 903 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schachar , R. , & Tannock , R. ( 1995 ). Test of four hypotheses for the comorbidity of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder . Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 34 , 639 – 648 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schepis , S. , Adinoff , B. , & Rao , U. ( 2008 ). Neurobiological processes in adolescent addictive disorders . American Journal of Addictions , 17 ( 1 ), 6 – 23 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schubiner , H. , Saules , K. K. , Arfken , C. L. , Johanson , C. E. , Schuster , C. R. , Lockhart , N. , … Pihlgren , E. ( 2002 ). Double-blind placebo-controlled trial of methylphenidate in the treatment of adult ADHD patients with comorbid cocaine dependence . Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology , 10 , 286 – 294 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schubiner , H. , Tzelepis , A. , Milberger , S. , Lockhart , N. , Kruger , M. , Kelley , B. J. , & Schoener , E. P. ( 2000 ). Prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder among substance abusers . Journal of Clinical Psychiatry , 61 , 244 – 251 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwebel , R. ( 2004 ). The Seven Challenges manual . Tucson , AZ : Viva .
   Google Scholar
• Scott , W. C. , Kaiser , D. , Othmer , S. , & Sideroff , S. I. ( 2005 ). Effects of an EEG biofeedback protocol on a mixed substance abusing population . American Journal of Drug Alcohol Abuse , 31 , 455 – 469 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaw , P. , Lerch , J. , Greenstein , D. , Sharp , W. , Clasen , L. , Evans , A. , … Rapoport , J. ( 2006 ). Longitudinal mapping of cortical thickness and clinical outcome in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder . Archives of General Psychiatry , 63 , 540 – 549 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sherlin , L. , Arns , M. , Lubar , J. , & Sokhadze , E. ( 2010 ). A position paper on neurofeedback for the treatment of ADHD . Journal of Neurotherapy , 14 ( 2 ), 66 – 78 .
   Google Scholar
• Silberstein , R. B. , Farrow , M. , Levy , F. , Pipingas , A. , Hay , D. A. , & Jarman , F. C. ( 1998 ). Functional brain electrical activity mapping in boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder . Archives of General Psychiatry , 55 , 1105 – 1112 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simkin , D. R. ( 2002 ). Adolescent substance use disorders and comorbidity . Pediatric Clinics of North America , 49 , 463 – 477 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sokhadze , E. M. ( 2005 ). Neurofeedback and cognitive-behavioral therapy based intervention in dual diagnosis: A neurobiological model . Journal of Neurotherapy , 9 , 123 – 124 .
   Google Scholar
• Sokhadze , E. , Cowan , J. , Tasman , A. , Sokhadze , G. , Horrell , T. , & Stewart , C. (2010 , September 30). Effects of gamma neurofeedback training on perceived positive emotional state and cognitive functions. Paper presented at the ISNR meeting, Denver, CO.
   Google Scholar
• Sokhadze , E. M. , & Shtark , M. B. ( 1991 ). Scientific and clinical biofeedback in USSR . Biofeedback & Self-Regulation , 16 , 253 – 260 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sokhadze , E. , Stewart , C. , & Hollifield , M. ( 2007 ). Integrating cognitive neuroscience methods with neurofeedback therapy in treatment of substance use disorder comorbid with PTSD . Journal of Neurotherapy , 11 ( 2 ), 13 – 44 .
   Google Scholar
• Sokhadze , E. , Stewart , C. , Hollifield , M. , & Tasman , A. ( 2008 ). Event-related study of executive dysfunctions in a speeded reaction task in cocaine addiction . Journal of Neurotherapy , 12 , 185 – 204 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sokhadze , E. , Stewart , C. , Sokhadze , G. , Husk , M. , & Tasman , A. ( 2009 ). Effects of neurofeedback-based behavioral therapy on ERP measures of executive functions in drug abuse . Journal of Neurotherapy , 13 , 260 – 262 .
   Google Scholar
• Sokhadze , G. , Sears , L. , & Sokhadze , E. ( 2010 , September 30 ). Neurofeedback training to improve attention and control alertness in ADHD. Paper presented at the ISNR meeting, Denver, CO .
   Google Scholar
• Sokhadze , T. M. , Cannon , R. , & Trudeau , D. L. ( 2008 ). EEG biofeedback as a treatment for substance use disorders: Review, rating of efficacy and recommendations for future research . Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback , 33 , 1 – 28 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Somoza , E. C. , Winhusen , T. M. , Bridge , T. P. , Rotrosen , J. P. , Vanderburg , D. G. , Harrer , J. M. , … Barrett , J. A. ( 2004 ). An open-label pilot study of methylphenidate in the treatment of cocaine dependent patients with adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder . Journal of Addictive Diseases , 23 ( 1 ), 77 – 92 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinberg , L. ( 2007 ). Risk taking in adolescence. New perspectives from brain and behavioral science . Current Directions in Psychological Science , 16 ( 2 ), 55 – 59 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevens , S. , & Ruiz , B. ( 2006 , March 28 ). Outcome findings of adolescents enrolled in The Seven Challenges outpatient and alternative school programs. Paper presented at the Joint Meeting of Adolescent Treatment Effectiveness, Baltimore, MD .
   Google Scholar
• Stevens , S. J. , Schwebel , R. , & Ruiz , B. ( 2007 ). The Seven Challenges: An effective treatment for adolescents with co-occurring substance abuse and mental health problems . Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions , 7 ( 3 ), 29 – 49 .
   Google Scholar
• Strandburg , R. J. , Marsh , J. T. , Brown , W. S. , Asarnow , R. F. , Higa , J. , Harper R., & Guthrie , D. ( 1996 ). Continuous-processing-related event-related potentials in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder . Biological Psychiatry , 40 , 964 – 980 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Struve , F. A. , Straumanis , J. J. , & Patric , G. ( 1994 ). Persistent topographic quantitative EEG sequelae of chronic marijuana use: A replication study and initial discriminant function analysis . Clinical Electroencephalography , 25 , 63 – 75 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Struve , F. A. , Straumanis , J. J. , Patric , G. , & Price , L. ( 1989 ). Topographic mapping of quantitative EEG variables in chronic heavy marijuana users: Empirical findings with psychiatric patients . Clinical Electroencephalography , 20 ( 1 ), 6 – 23 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration . ( 2007 ). Results from the 2006 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National findings (Office of Applied Studies, NSDUH Series H–32, DHHS Publication No. SMA 07–4293) . Rockville , MD : Author .
   Google Scholar
• Sussman , S. ( 2010 ). A review of alcoholics anonymous/narcotic anonymous programs for teens . Evaluation & Health Professions , 33 ( 1 ), 26 – 55 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swadi , H. ( 1999 ). Individual risk factors for adolescent substance use . Drug and Alcohol Dependence , 55 , 209 – 224 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swanson , J. M. , Kinsbourne , M. , Nigg , J. , Lanphear , B. , Stefanatos , G. , Volkow , N. , … Wadhwa , P. D. ( 2007 ). Etiologic subtypes of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Brain imaging, molecular genetic and environmental factors and the dopamine hypothesis . Neuropsychology Reviews , 17 ( 1 ), 39 – 59 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swanson , J. M. , Kraemer , H. C. , Hinshaw , S. P. , Arnold , L. E. , Conners , C. K. , et al.. (2001). Clinical relevance of the primary findings of the MTA: Success rate based on severity of ADHD and ODD symptoms at the end of treatment. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 40, 168–179.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swanson , J. M. , Sergeant , J. A. , Taylor , E. , Sonuga-Barke , E. J. , Jensen , P. S. , & Cantwell , D. P. ( 1998 ). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and hyperkinetic disorder . Lancet , 351 , 429 – 433 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swartz , J. A. , & Lurigio , A. J. ( 1999 ). Psychiatric illness and comorbidity among adult male jail detainees in drug treatment . Psychiatry Service , 50 , 1628 – 1630 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tarter , R. E. , Kirisci , L. , Habeych , M. , Reynolds , M. , & Vanyukov , M. M. ( 2004 ). Neurobehavior disinhibition in childhood predisposes boys to substance use disorder by young adulthood. Direct and mediated tiologic pathways . Drug Alcohol Dependence , 73 , 121 – 132 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tarter , R. E. , Kirisci , L. , Mezzich , A. , Cornelius , J. , Pajer , K. , Vanyukov , M. M. , … Clark , D. ( 2003 ). Neurobehavior disinhibition in childhood predicts early age at onset of substance disorder . American Journal of Psychiatry , 160 , 1078 – 1085 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trudeau , D. L. ( 2000a ). Individualizing EEG biofeedback in addictive disorders . Biofeedback , 28 ( 3 ), 22 – 26 .
   Google Scholar
• Trudeau , D. L. ( 2000b ). A review of the treatment of addictive disorders by EEG biofeedback . Clinical Electroencephalography , 31 , 13 – 26 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Trudeau , D. L. ( 2005a ). Applicability of brain wave biofeedback to substance use disorder in adolescents . Child and Adolescent Clinics of North America , 14 , 125 – 136 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trudeau , D. L. ( 2005b ). EEG biofeedback for addictive disorders—The state of the art in 2004 . Journal of Adult Development , 12 , 139 – 146 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trudeau , D. L. , Sokhadze , T. M. , & Cannon , R. ( 2008 ). Neurofeedback in alcohol and drug dependency . In T. Budzynski , J. Evans & H. Budzynski (Eds.), Advanced QEEG and neurofeedback (pp. 239 – 267 ). Amsterdam , the Netherlands : Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• Trudeau , D. L. , Thuras , P. , & Stockley , H. ( 1999 ). Quantitative EEG findings associated with chronic stimulant and cannabis abuse and ADHD in an adult male substance use disorder population . Clinical Electroencephalography , 30 , 165 – 174 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Van den Bergh , W. ( 2010 ). Neurofeedback and state regulation in ADHD: A therapy without medication (S. Clark, English trans.) . Corpus Christi , TX : BMED Press .
   Google Scholar
• Van den Brink , W. , & van Ree , J. M. ( 2003 ). Pharmacological treatments for heroin and cocaine addictions . European Neuropsychopharmacology , 13 , 476 – 487 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Meel , C. S. , Heslenfeld , D. J. , Oosterlaan , J. , & Sergeant , J. A. ( 2007 ). Adaptive control deficits in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): The role of error processing . Psychiatry Research , 151 , 211 – 220 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volkow , N. D. , & Fowler , J. S. ( 2000 ). Addiction, a disease of compulsion and drive: Involvement of the orbitofrontal cortex . Cerebral Cortex , 10 , 318 – 325 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volkow , N. D. , Fowler , J. S. , & Wang , G. J. ( 2003 ). The addicted human brain: Insights from imaging studies . Journal of Clinical Investigations , 111 , 1444 – 1451 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volkow , N. D. , Fowler , J. S. , & Wang , G. J. ( 2004 ). The addicted human brain viewed in the light of imaging studies: Brain circuits and treatment strategies . Neuropharmacology , 47 , 3 – 13 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wexler , B. E. , Gottschalk , C. H. , Fulbright , R. K. , Prohovnik , I. , Lacadie , C. M. , Rounsaville , B. J. , & Gore , J. C. ( 2001 ). Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of cocaine craving . American Journal of Psychiatry , 158 , 86 – 95 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilens , T. E. , Adler , L. A. , Adams , J. , Sgambati , S. , Rotrosen , J. , Sawtelle , R. , … Fusillo , S. ( 2008 ). Misuse and diversion of stimulants prescribed for ADHD: A systematic review of the literature . Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry , 47 ( 1 ), 21 – 31 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilens , T. E. , Adler , L. A. , Weiss , M. D. , Michelson , D. , Ramsey , J. L. , Moore , R. J. , … Levine , L. R. (2008). Atomoxetine treatment of adults with ADHD and comorbid alcohol use disorders. Drug & Alcohol Dependence , 96(1–2), 145–154.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilens , T. E. , Biederman , J. , & Mick , E. ( 1998 ). Does ADHD affect the course of substance abuse? Findings from a sample of adults with and without ADHD . American Journal of Addictions , 7 , 156 – 163 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams , J. M. ( 2010 ). Does neurofeedback help reduce attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder? Journal of Neurotherapy , 14 , 261 – 279 .
   Google Scholar
• Williams , L. M. ( 2006 ). An integrative neuroscience model of “significance” processing . Journal of Integrative Neuroscience , 5 , 1 – 47 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Williams , L. M. , Hermens , D. F. , Palmer , D. , Kohn , M. , Clarke , S. , Keage , H. , … Gordon , E. ( 2008 ). Misinterpreting emotional expressions in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Evidence for a neural marker and stimulant effects . Biological Psychiatry , 63 , 917 – 926 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winterer , G. , Smolka , M. , Samochowiec , J. , Ziller , M. , Mahlberg , R. , Gallinat , J. , … Sander , T. ( 2003 ). Association of EEG coherence and an exonic GABABR1 gene polymorphism . American Journal of Medical Genetics , 117B , 51 – 56 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization . ( 1992 ). International statistical classification of disease and related health problems () , 10th rev. . Geneva , Switzerland : Author .
   Google Scholar
• Yordanova , J. , Banaschewski , T. , Kolev , V. , Woerner , W. , & Rothenberger , A. ( 2001 ). Abnormal early stages of task stimulus processing in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder—Evidence from event-related gamma oscillations . Clinical Neurophysiology , 112 , 1096 – 1108 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar