Prehospital Pain Management: Disparity By Age and Race

References

• Shah MN, Cushman JT, Davis CO, Bazarian JJ, Auinger P, Friedman B. The epidemiology of emergency medical services use by children: an analysis of the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2008;12(3):269–76.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hennes H, Kim MK, Pirrallo, RG. Focus on pediatric pain. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2005;9(1):32–40.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mann NC, Kane L, Dai M, Jacobson K. Description of the 2012 NEMSIS Public-release research dataset. Prehosp Emerg Care 2015; 19:232–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Donnell DP, Schafer LC, Stevens AC, Weinstein E, Miramonti CM, Kozak MA. Effect of introducing the mucosal atomization device for fentanyl use in out-of-hospital pediatric trauma. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2013; 28(5):520–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swor R, McEachin CM, Seguin D, Grall KH. Prehospital pain management in children suffering traumatic injury. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2005;9:40–3.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Abbuhl FB, Reed DB. Time to analgesia for patients with painful extremity injuries transported to the emergency department by ambulance. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2003;7(4):445–7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Izsak E, Moore JL, Stringfellow K, Oswanski MF, Lindstrom DA, Stombaugh HA. Prehospital pain assessment in pediatric trauma. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2008; 12(2):182–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahman A, Curtis S, DeBruyne B, Sookram S, Thomson D, Lutz S, Ali S. Emergency medical services provider comfort with prehospital analgesia administration to children. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(1):66–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maio RF, Garrison HG, Spaite DW, Desmond JS, Gregor MA, Cayten CG, Chew JL Jr, Hill EM, Joyce SM, MacKenzie EJ, et al. Emergency medical services outcomes project I (EMSOP I): prioritizing conditions for outcomes research. Ann Emerg Med. 1999;33(4):423–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Browne LR, Shah MI, Studnek JR, Farrell BM, Mattrisch LM, Reynolds S, Ostermayer DG, Brousseau DC, Lerner EB. 2015 Pediatric research priorities in prehospital care. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2016;20(3):311–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foltin GL, Dayan P, Tunik M, Marr M, Leonard J, Brown K, Hoyle J Jr, Lerner EB. Priorities for pediatric prehospital research. Ped Emerg Care. 2010;26(10):773–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Model EMS Clinical Guidelines. Available from: https://nasemso.org. V 0.8-16.
   Google Scholar
• Pletcher MJ, Kertesz SG, Kohn MA, Gonzales R. Trends in opioid prescribing by race/ethnicity for patients seeking care in US emergency departments. JAMA. 2008;299(1):70–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goyal MK, Kupperman N, Cleary SD, Teach SJ, Chamberlain JM. Racial disparities in pain management of children with appendicitis in emergency departments. JAMA Pediatr. 2015;169(11):996–1002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young MF, Hern HG, Alter HJ, Barger J, Vahidnia F. Racial differences in receiving morphine among prehospital patients with blunt trauma. J Emerg Med. 2013;45(1):46–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Browne LR, Shah MI, Studnek JR, Ostermayer DG, Reynolds S, Guse CE, Brousseau DC, Lerner EB. Multicenter Evaluation of prehospital opioid pain management in injured children. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2016;20(6):759–67.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlson JN, Karns C, Mann NC, E Jacobson K, Dai M, Colleran C, Wang HE. Procedures performed by emergency medical services in the United States. Prehospital Emergency Care. 2016;20(1):15–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang HE, Mann NC, Jacobson KE, Ms MD, Mears G, Smyrski K, Yealy DM. National characteristics of emergency medical services responses in the United States. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2013;17:8–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alexander J, Manno M. Underuse of analgesia in very young pediatric patients with isolated painful injuries. Ann Emerg Med. 2003;41(5):617–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Browne LR, Studnek JR, Shah MI, Brousseau DC, Guse CE, Lerner EB. Prehospital opioid administration in the emergency care of children. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2016;20(1):59–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams DM, Rindal KE, Cushman JT, Shah MN. Barriers to and enablers for prehospital analgesia for pediatric patients. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2012;16(4):519–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silka PA, Roth MM, Moreno G, Merill L, Geiderman JM. Pain scores improve analgesic administration patterns for trauma patients in the emergency department. Acad Emerg Med. 2004;11(3):264–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gausche-Hill M, Brown KM, Oliver ZJ, Sasson C, Dayan PS, Eschmann NM, Weik TS, Lawner BJ, Sahni R, Falck-Ytter Y, et al. An evidence-based guideline for prehospital analgesia in trauma. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2014;18(Suppl 1):25–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borland ML, Jacobs I, Geelhoed G. Intranasal fentanyl reduces acute pain in children in the emergency department; a safety and efficacy study. Emerg Med. 2002;14(3):275–80.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kelly LE, Sommer DD, Ramakrishna J, Hoffbauer S, Arbab-Tafti S, Reid D, Maclean J, Koren G. Morphine or Ibuprofen for post-tonsillectomy analgesia: a randomized trial. Pediatrics. 2015;135(2):307–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poonai N, Bhullar G, Lin K, Papini A, Mainprize D, Howard J, Teefy J, Bale M, Langford C, Lim R, et al. Oral administration of morphine versus ibuprofen to manage postfracture pain in children: a randomized trial. CMAJ. 2014; 186(18):1358–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drendel AL, Gorelick MH, Weisman SJ, Lyon R, Brousseau DC, Kim MK. A randomized clinical trial of ibuprofen versus acetaminophen for acute pediatric arm fracture pain. Ann Emerg Med. 2009;54(4):553–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meghani SH, Byun E, Gallagher RM. Time to take stock: a meta-analysis and systematic review of analgesic treatment disparities for pain in the United States. Pain Med. 2012;13(2):150–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar