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Prehospital Emergency Care Volume 3, 1999 - Issue 3
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Original Article

Are heroin overdose deaths related to patient release after prehospital treatment with naloxone?

Gary M. Vilke Department of Emergency Medicine, San Diego, CaliforniaCorrespondence<[email protected]>
,
Jean Buchanan University of California, San Diego Medical Center, and the San Diego Division of Emergency Medical Services, San Diego, California
,
James V. Dunford Department of Emergency Medicine, San Diego, California
&
Theodore C. Chan Department of Emergency Medicine, San Diego, California
Pages 183-186 | Received 25 Feb 1999, Accepted 26 Feb 1999, Published online: 02 Jul 2009

References

  • EMT-Paramedic Program Adult Medication List. San Diego County Division of Emergency Medical Services Policy/Proce-dure/Protocol, P-115,1997.
  • Release of Medical Responsibility and Alternate Disposition of Patients by EMT-Paramedic. San Diego County Division of Emergency Medical Services Policy/Procedure/Protocol, 1993.
  • Chamberlain JM, Klein BL. A comprehensive review of naloxone for the emergency physician. Am J Emerg Med. 1994;12:650–60.
  • Hoffman RS, Goldfrank LR. The poisoned patient with altered consciousness. JAMA. 1995;274:562–9.
  • Yealy DM, Paris PM, Kaplan RM, et al. The safety of prehospital naloxone administration by paramedics. Ann Emerg Med. 1990;19:902–5.
  • Hicks SD, Wolfson AB, Asplin BR, Lipinski CA, Callaway CW. Anticholinergic syndrome precipitated by opioid reversal. Pre-hosp Emerg Care. 1998;2:328–9.
  • Osterwalder JJ. Naloxone—for intoxications with intravenous heroin and heroin mixtures—harmless or hazardous? A prospective clinical study. Clin Toxicol. 1996;34:409–16.
  • Sporer KA, Firsetone J, Isaacs SM. Out-of-hospital treatment of opioid overdoses in an urban setting. Acad Emerg Med. 1996;3:660–7.
  • Bertini G, Russo L, Cricelli F, et al. Role of prehospital medical system in reducing heroin-related deaths. Crit Care Med. 1992;20:493–8.
  • Wanger K, Brough L, Macmillan, Goulding J, MacPhail I, Chris-tenson JM. Intravenous vs. subcutaneous naloxone for out-of-hospital management of presumed opioid overdose. Acad Emerg Med. 1998;5:293–9.

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